7 research outputs found
Avaliação química da folha de cenoura visando ao seu aproveitamento na alimentação humana
Fluosilicato de zinco na prevenção de cárie dental em ratos
O propósito desta pesquisa foi verificar uma possível ação sinérgica entre flúor e zinco na incidência da cárie dental. O estudo compreendeu três grupos de ratos que receberam soluções de: a) fluoreto de sódio (1 ppm) ; b) fluosilicato de zinco; c) e água, respectivamente. Todos os grupos, com ratos machos e fêmeas, eram divididos em subgrupos de acôrdo com a dieta - cariogênica e não cariogênica. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, concluíndo-se o seguinte: I) O grupo que recebeu fluosilicato de zinco apresentou menor número de cáries do que o do fluoreto de sódio, mas a diferença não foi estatìsticamente significante, sendo, porém, significante entre êstes dois grupos e o da água. II) Os ratos que receberam o fluosilicato de zinco ou o fluoreto de sódio, mostraram nível mais elevado de flúor nas cinzas dos ossos, mas a diferença entre os dois grupos não foi estatìsticamente significante, III) Notou-se também que apresentavam similar desmineralização óssea.<br>The purpose of this research performed in rats (Rattus norwegicus) was to observe if there is a synergic action of fluorine and zinc in order to obtain a greater reduction in dental caries. The study incolved three groups of rats receiving: a) zinc silicofluoride - 1 ppm, b) sodium fluoride - 1 ppm and c) tap water. All groups included males and females, and were divided in sub-groups in accordance with cariogenic and non cariogenic diets. The data were treated by analysis of variance and the main conclusions obtained were the following: 1st) The group of zinc silicofluoride has shown less caries than the sodium fluoride group, but the difference was not statistically significant. When both groups a and b were compared to group c, the results were significant. 2nd) The rats receiving zinc silicofluoride or sodium fluoride have shown higher levels of fluorine in the bone ashes but the difference between them was not statistically significant. 3rd) The rats of both groups - zinc silicofluoride and sodium fluoride - have shown bone demineralizantion at equal level
Association between administration of IL-6 antagonists and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 : a meta-analysis
IMPORTANCE Clinical trials assessing the efficacy of IL-6 antagonists in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 have variously reported benefit, no effect, and harm.
OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between administration of IL-6 antagonists compared with usual care or placebo and 28-day all-cause mortality and other outcomes.
DATA SOURCES Trials were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases between October 2020 and January 2021. Searches were not restricted by trial status or language. Additional trials were identified through contact with experts.
STUDY SELECTION Eligible trials randomly assigned patients hospitalized for COVID-19 to a group in whom IL-6 antagonists were administered and to a group in whom neither IL-6 antagonists nor any other immunomodulators except corticosteroids were administered. Among 72 potentially eligible trials, 27 (37.5%) met study selection criteria.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS In this prospectivemeta-analysis, risk of biaswas assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Inconsistency among trial results was assessed using the I-2 statistic. The primary analysis was an inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analysis of odds ratios (ORs) for 28-day all-cause mortality.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome measurewas all-cause mortality at 28 days after randomization. There were 9 secondary outcomes including progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death and risk of secondary infection by 28 days.
RESULTS A total of 10 930 patients (median age, 61 years [range of medians, 52-68 years]; 3560 [33%] were women) participating in 27 trials were included. By 28 days, there were 1407 deaths among 6449 patients randomized to IL-6 antagonists and 1158 deaths among 4481 patients randomized to usual care or placebo (summary OR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.79-0.95]; P =.003 based on a fixed-effects meta-analysis). This corresponds to an absolute mortality risk of 22% for IL-6 antagonists compared with an assumed mortality risk of 25% for usual care or placebo. The corresponding summary ORs were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.92; P <.001) for tocilizumab and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.86-1.36; P =.52) for sarilumab. The summary ORs for the association with mortality compared with usual care or placebo in those receiving corticosteroids were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68-0.87) for tocilizumab and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.61-1.38) for sarilumab. The ORs for the association with progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death, compared with usual care or placebo, were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.70-0.85) for all IL-6 antagonists, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.66-0.82) for tocilizumab, and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.74-1.34) for sarilumab. Secondary infections by 28 days occurred in 21.9% of patients treated with IL-6 antagonists vs 17.6% of patients treated with usual care or placebo (OR accounting for trial sample sizes, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.85-1.16).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this prospectivemeta-analysis of clinical trials of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, administration of IL-6 antagonists, compared with usual care or placebo, was associated with lower 28-day all-cause mortality