Global mapping of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 and H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4 viruses with spatial cross-validation.

Global disease suitability models are essential tools to inform surveillance systems and enable early detection. We present the first global suitability model of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and demonstrate that reliable predictions can be obtained at global scale. Best predictions are obtained using spatial predictor variables describing host distributions, rather than land use or eco-climatic spatial predictor variables, with a strong association with domestic duck and extensively raised chicken densities. Our results also support a more systematic use of spatial cross-validation in large-scale disease suitability modelling compared to standard random cross-validation that can lead to unreliable measure of extrapolation accuracy. A global suitability model of the H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses, a group of viruses that recently spread extensively in Asia and the US, shows in comparison a lower spatial extrapolation capacity than the HPAI H5N1 models, with a stronger association with intensively raised chicken densities and anthropogenic factors

Egg and egg products quality

Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica (CINDOC). C/Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn CientìficaSIGLEESSpai

Poultry products microbiology. European regulations and quality assurance systems

Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica (CINDOC). C/Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn CientìficaSIGLEESSpai

Relationship between physical characteristics and results of hatching in chicken eggs

Objective: The objective was to investigate the relationship between egg physical parameters, which can be determined without breakage, and hatchability. The following egg parameters were chosen: egg weight (W), volume (V), shell surface area (S), specific gravity (D), breadth to length ratio (B/L), and the ratio of egg weight to shell surface area (W/S). Methods: A sample of 505 eggs from the parent stocks of White Leghorn (WL, line 01), Rhode Island White (RIW, line 68) and Rhode Island Red (RIR, line 70) laying hens were investigated. To estimate the relationship between the hatchability and quantitative factors, a special ranking was performed. The three categories: “average”, “more than average” and “less than average”, were chosen. All parameters were divided into 3 groups: 1) those, which values were within the average ± standard deviation; 2) with values less than the 1st group; and 3) with the values more than the 1st group. Results: The average hatchability for the fertile eggs over three investigated strains was 77.7%. There were no significant differences between the groups for the RIR eggs, except the hatchability of the eggs, for which D hit the 3rd group, was significantly higher (94.4.%) than for the other two groups (77.2 and 81.3%). For the WL and RIW the “big” eggs, which W, V, S, L and B hit the 3rd group, had the least hatchability (53.3% for the WL and 62.1% for the RIW). The highest hatchability for these strains had found for the “small” eggs (2nd group). The lowest hatchability (50%) was in the group of the WL eggs, which D values were in the 2nd group. However, the same group of the RIW eggs had the best result (85.2%) in comparison with the other ones (74.2% for the 1st group and 81.8% for the 2nd one). The more “round-shaped” eggs of the WL and RIW, which B/L ratio hit the 3rd group, were more successful at hatching (87.5% for the WL and 84.4% for the RIW) than “normal-shaped” (76.8% for the WL and 75.3% for the RIW) and “sharp-shaped” eggs (64.3% for the WL and 75.6% for the RIW). The only significant differed result for W/S values was observed in the RIW strain. The lowest hatchability (65.6%) had recorded for the eggs of the 3rd group. Conclusions: The small eggs were more successful at hatching than the bigger ones. The hatchability of the “round-shaped” eggs was higher than for the others. The influence of egg specific gravity on the hatchability is differed among strains

[Determination of intestinal microbiocenoses in hens of egg-type crosses] Определение микробиоценозов кишечника кур яичных кроссов

Организаторы: Российское отделение Всемирной научной ассоциации по птицеводству; Научный центр по птицеводству; Федеральный научный центр "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и технологический институт птицеводства" Российской академии наук; Федеральный научный центр Всероссийский институт животноводства им. ак. Л.К. Эрнста; Российский птицеводческий союз; Международная ассоциация сельского хозяйства и продовольствия (DLG e.V.) Кочиш И.И., д-р с.-х. наук, академик РАН Романов М.Н., канд. биол. наук ФГБОУ ВО МГАВМиБ - MBA имени К.И. Скрябина Никонов И.Н. Ильина Л.А., канд. биол. наук Лаптев Г.Ю., д-р биол. наук ООО  БИОТРОФ  Птицеводство является одной из ведущих отраслей сельского хозяйства нашей страны благодаря высоким показателям производства мяса птицы и яиц. Однако сегодня в данной сфере специалисты отмечают ряд проблем, связанных с интенсификацией производства птицеводческой продукции. Разработка и применение современных технологий, направленных на реализацию максимальной продуктивности, таких как частые вакцинации, широкое применение антибиотиков и химических антибактериальных средств, нередко приводят к ухудшению здоровья птицы, связанному с развитием неконтролируемых секундарных инфекций - сальмонеллезов, кампилобактериозов, стафилококкозов, клостридиозов, а также полимикробных заболеваний. Патогенные микроорганизмы вызывают нарушение состава кишечной микробиоты, изменения толщины, внешнего вида, мышечного тонуса, прочности и повышенной парацеллюлярной проницаемости стенок кишечника для токсических метаболитов, что в итоге негативно отражается на состоянии здоровья и продуктивности стада... Исследования выполнены при поддержке Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации, Договор № 14.W03.31.0013 от 20.02.2017 г. Название проекта: Разработка современных биотехнологий для оценки экспрессии генов в связи с продуктивностью и устойчивостью к заболеваниям в птицеводстве