Application of stochastic downscaling techniques to Global Climate Model data for regional climate prediction

Global warming is the most important issue of the present day that affects the climate drastically. This research was carried out to find out the effects of Global warming on Louisiana in future on a very finer spatial and temporal scale. For this purpose spatial downscaling technique is used, where finer resolution climate information is derived from a coarser resolution Global Climate Model (GCM) output. Empirical/statistical downscaling method is used in which sub grid scale changes are calculated as a function of large scale climate. For this purpose a stochastic weather generator and two Global models are considered. The two global models are CCCma (Canadian Center for Climate Modeling and Analysis) and CSIRO (Australia\u27s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization). The stochastic weather generator used is Climate Generator (CLIGEN). The global monthly means are calculated until the year 2090 from the available daily data of CCCma and CSIRO and the units are converted according to that used in CLIGEN. The monthly means of the parameter files of CLIGEN are replaced with the Global monthly means, and the other statistical parameters such as standard deviation, skewness, etc are changed accordingly and weather is generated using the CLIGEN until the year 2090 for Louisiana. Statistical analysis is performed for the climate generated using the two Global models and comparisons are made between the results of the two models. Also time series plots are drawn for the generated climate of the two models taking one year as a representative year

Agrobacterium Mediated Genetic Transformation Of Ground Nut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Cultivar Icgv-15311 Embryo Axis Explants For Defensin Gene Against Fungal Resistance

Genetic transformation of Ground nut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was attempted using plasmid vector pCAMBIA '3365' Present with in Agrobacterium tumifaciens strain LBA4404  with CaMV35sp (Cauliflower mosaic virus 35s RNA Promoter). A total of 323 Embryo axis, Half cut embryo, Cotyledonary nodes were employed in independent co cultivation events, of which 13 putative transgenic plants were established in Invitro conditions. The transgenic shoots obtained were initially confirmed for the introduced reporter gene by GUS histochemical assay and later by the PCR analysis. The transformed shoots were checked for the transcription of the gene by RT-PCR analysis. Southern blot analysis was carried out to confirm the stable integration of the foreign DN

Cultura e questão de gênero nas organizações

RESUMONa chamada era industrial, da era Taylorista, a aceitação da mulher no mercado de trabalho era altamente restrita, mínima, o sexo masculino era quase que absoluto nas indústrias e fabricas. Mas as mudanças vê em acontecendo em um ritmo nunca visto anteriormente. Verifica-se cada vez mais o ingresso do sexo feminino nas instituições de ensino superiore nas organizações. Entretanto esse percentual de inserção do sexo feminino ainda é muito baixo e inferior ao sexo oposto. Então se questiona: apesar de toda essa mudança até mesmo na cultura das organizações, porque ainda existe um diferencial tão substancial entre os sexos no que tange o mercado de trabalho? Para tanto este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a disparidade de sexo e suas relações de trabalho nas organizações, a partir do estudo da cultura no conceito da antropologia e nas teorias organizacionais. Verificando as transformações sociais a partir da inserção da mão-de-obra feminina no mercado de trabalho e em outros segmentos. Analisando os impactos econômicos-políticos e sociais, segue um panorama de perspectivas de melhorias tanto para a mulher quanto para a sociedade. A metodologia utilizada neste artigo possui caráter descritivo, pois expõe características de determinado assunto ou fenômeno, buscando explicá-lo e estabelecer correlações entre as variáveis. Após toda a pesquisa efetuada a diversos autores, observou-se que embora a mulher esteja conseguindo aumentar a sua participação no mercado, essa ainda é muito pequena, necessitando de maiores transformações na maneira de pensar dos autores das organizações, na sua cultura e uma incessante busca por parte do sexo feminino em se sobressair neste mercado.Palavras-chave: Cultura, Educação, Gênero, Organização, Trabalho. ABSTRACTIn so-called industrial era, Taylorist era, the acceptance of women in the labor market was highly restricted, the male was almost absolute in the industries and factories. But the changes is happening as we never seen before. It is increasingly the entry of women in higher education institutions and organizations. However, this percentage insertion female is still very low and below the opposite sex. Then the question: despite all this change even in organizational culture, why there is still a very substantial difference between the sexes in the labor market? This paper is to analyze the difference in sex and their working relationships in organizations, from the study of culture in the concept of anthropology and organizational theories. Checking the social changes from the insertion of the labor force of women in the labor market and other segments. Analyzing the impacts of economic and social policy follows an overview of prospects for improvements to both the woman and for society. The methodology used in this article is descriptive, because it exposes the characteristics of a subject or phenomenon, seeking to explain it and to establish correlations between variables. After all the research done several authors observed that although the woman is able to increase their market share, this is still very small, requiring major changes in the minds of the authors in organizations, in their culture and a relentless quest for the female to excel in this market.Keywords: Culture, Education, Gender, Organization, Work

Vascular Wall-Resident CD44+ Multipotent Stem Cells Give Rise to Pericytes and Smooth Muscle Cells and Contribute to New Vessel Maturation

Here, we identify CD44(+)CD90(+)CD73(+)CD34(−)CD45(−) cells within the adult human arterial adventitia with properties of multipotency which were named vascular wall-resident multipotent stem cells (VW-MPSCs). VW-MPSCs exhibit typical mesenchymal stem cell characteristics including cell surface markers in immunostaining and flow cytometric analyses, and differentiation into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes under culture conditions. Particularly, TGFß1 stimulation up-regulates smooth muscle cell markers in VW-MPSCs. Using fluorescent cell labelling and co-localisation studies we show that VW-MPSCs differentiate to pericytes/smooth muscle cells which cover the wall of newly formed endothelial capillary-like structures in vitro. Co-implantation of EGFP-labelled VW-MPSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells into SCID mice subcutaneously via Matrigel results in new vessels formation which were covered by pericyte- or smooth muscle-like cells generated from implanted VW-MPSCs. Our results suggest that VW-MPSCs are of relevance for vascular morphogenesis, repair and self-renewal of vascular wall cells and for local capacity of neovascularization in disease processes

The FunGenES Database: A Genomics Resource for Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have high self-renewal capacity and the potential to differentiate into a large variety of cell types. To investigate gene networks operating in pluripotent ES cells and their derivatives, the “Functional Genomics in Embryonic Stem Cells” consortium (FunGenES) has analyzed the transcriptome of mouse ES cells in eleven diverse settings representing sixty-seven experimental conditions. To better illustrate gene expression profiles in mouse ES cells, we have organized the results in an interactive database with a number of features and tools. Specifically, we have generated clusters of transcripts that behave the same way under the entire spectrum of the sixty-seven experimental conditions; we have assembled genes in groups according to their time of expression during successive days of ES cell differentiation; we have included expression profiles of specific gene classes such as transcription regulatory factors and Expressed Sequence Tags; transcripts have been arranged in “Expression Waves” and juxtaposed to genes with opposite or complementary expression patterns; we have designed search engines to display the expression profile of any transcript during ES cell differentiation; gene expression data have been organized in animated graphs of KEGG signaling and metabolic pathways; and finally, we have incorporated advanced functional annotations for individual genes or gene clusters of interest and links to microarray and genomic resources. The FunGenES database provides a comprehensive resource for studies into the biology of ES cells