Diurnal dynamics of the Umov kinetic energy density vector in the atmospheric boundary layer from minisodar measurements

The diurnal hourly dynamics of the kinetic energy flux density vector, called the Umov vector, and the mean and turbulent components of the kinetic energy are estimated from minisodar measurements of wind vector components and their variances in the lower 200 m layer of the atmosphere. During a 24 h period of continuous minisodar observations, it was established that the mean kinetic energy density dominated in the surface atmospheric layer at altitudes below ~50 m. At altitudes from 50 to 100 m, the relative contributions of the mean and turbulent wind kinetic energy densities depended on the time of the day and the sounding altitude. At altitudes below 100 m, the contribution of the turbulent kinetic energy component is small, and the ratio of the turbulent to mean wind kinetic energy components was in the range 0.01–10. At altitudes above 100 m, the turbulent kinetic energy density sharply increased, and the ratio reached its maximum equal to 100–1000 at altitudes of 150–200 m. A particular importance of the direction and magnitude of the wind effect, that is, of the direction and magnitude of the Umov vector at different altitudes was established. The diurnal behavior of the Umov vector depended both on the time of the day and the sounding altitude. Three layers were clearly distinguished: a near-surface layer at altitudes of 5–15 m, an intermediate layer at altitudes from 15 m to 150 m, and the layer of enhanced turbulence above. The feasibility is illustrated of detecting times and altitudes of maximal and minimal wing kinetic energy flux densities, that is, time periods and altitude ranges most and least favorable for flights of unmanned aerial vehicles. The proposed novel method of determining the spatiotemporal dynamics of the Umov vector from minisodar measurements can also be used to estimate the effect of wind on high-rise buildings and the energy potential of wind turbines

False-Positive Serologic Reactions for Syphilis

The epidemiologic situation of syphilitic infection warrants attention to diagnostic methods. Nontreponemal tests (rapid plasma regain, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) are less reliable, as there are certain situations when false-positive reactions for syphilis antibodies may appear. Variable examinations were performed and proved that it was necessary to assess the titer of antibodies, as well as confirmation of the diagnosis by treponemal tests (fluorescent treponemal antibody, treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay, enzyme immunoassay, Western blot), were obligatory. In recent decades, new methods were elaborated (e.g., BioPlex total screen, tests with β2-GPI-dependent anticardiolipin antibody, the ARCHITECT syphilis treponema pallidum chemiluminescent immunoassay, the Elecsys immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics)). We present the review of publications on syphilis serologic diagnostics and present our own research. We did not find any mention of a false-positive test in atopic dermatitis and present a case of false-positive reactions for syphilis in such patients

Electron-ion-plasma modification of the structure and properties of commercial steels

The work is devoted to the structural-phase analysis of steels of the austenitic and martensitic grade, irradiated with a high-intensity pulsed electron beam of the submillisecond duration of exposure in the mode of the surface layer melting. A thermodynamic analysis of phase transformations occurring during heat treatment in alloys of the composition Fe-Cr-C and Fe-Cr-Ni-C, which are the basis of steels 20X13 and 12X18H10T, is carried out. It is shown that formation of solid solutions on the basis of [alpha]-iron (BCC crystalline lattice) and [gamma]- iron (FCC crystalline lattice) as well as the entire range of carbide phases of a complex elemental composition (M[23]C[6], M[7]C[3] и M[3]C, where symbol M refers to atoms of metallic elements Fe, Cr, and Ni) is possible in equilibrium conditions in given materials. The irradiation of steels 12X18H10T and 20X13 with a high-intensity pulsed electron beam of the submillisecond duration of exposure is carried out. It is shown that the electron-beam processing of steel in the melting mode and the subsequent rapid crystallization is accompanied by a significant transformation of the surface layer structure, consisting in complete dissolution of original carbide phase particles; in formation of dendritic crystallization cells of submicron sizes; in occurrence of martensitic [gamma]->[alpha] and [gamma]->[epsilon] transformation; in re-allocation of nanosized particles of carbide and intermetallic phases

Neuronal Plasticity and the Cholinergic System Are Affected in Atopic Dermatitis and in Response to Acute Experimental Mental Stress in a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Rationale In mouse models for atopic dermatitis (AD) hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) dysfunction and neuropeptide-dependent neurogenic inflammation explain stress-aggravated flares to some extent. Lately, cholinergic signaling has emerged as a link between innate and adaptive immunity as well as stress responses in chronic inflammatory diseases. Here we aim to determine in humans the impact of acute stress on neuro-immune interaction as well as on the non-neuronal cholinergic system (NNCS). Methods Skin biopsies were obtained from 22 individuals (AD patients and matched healthy control subjects) before and after the Trier social stress test (TSST). To assess neuro-immune interaction, nerve fiber (NF)-density, NF-mast cell contacts and mast cell activation were determined by immunohistomorphometry. To evaluate NNCS effects, expression of secreted mammal Ly-6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-related protein (SLURP) 1 and 2 (endogenous nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands) and their main corresponding receptors were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. Results With respect to neuro-immune interaction we found higher numbers of NGF+ dermal NF in lesional compared to non-lesional AD but lower numbers of Gap43+ growing NF at baseline. Mast cell-NF contacts correlated with SCORAD and itch in lesional skin. With respect to the NNCS, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 (α7nAChR) mRNA was significantly lower in lesional AD skin at baseline. After TSST, PGP 9.5+ NF numbers dropped in lesional AD as did their contacts with mast cells. NGF+ NF now correlated with SCORAD and mast cell-NF contacts with itch in non-lesional skin. At the same time, SLURP-2 levels increased in lesional AD skin. Conclusions In humans chronic inflammatory and highly acute psycho-emotional stress interact to modulate cutaneous neuro- immune communication and NNCS marker expression. These findings may have consequences for understanding and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases in the future

Вопросник для первичной самооценки здоровья пациентов, перенесших новую коронавирусную инфекцию: Рекомендации Междисциплинарного совета экспертов по проведению скрининга симптомов постковидного периода при углубленной диспансеризации

The post-COVID symptom complex is wide enough and requires special vigilance during clinical examination of patients after the novel coronavirus infection. The aim of the Multidisciplinary Expert Board study was to develop a standardized questionnaire for initial self-assessment by patients who had had COVID-19 before the expanded medical check-up.Methods. The existing validated international and national questionnaires and scales were analyzed to assess their relevance, convenience, and ease of filling out. Results of the analysis were used to set up a screening for post-COVID symptoms.Results. The work of the Multidisciplinary Expert Board in June-August 2021 resulted in a new screening questionnaire for the initial assessment of the health status of patients who have COVID-19. The questionnaire is intended for self-filling before the further clinical examination.Conclusion. A new standardized patient questionnaire to screen for post-COVID symptoms may significantly optimize the doctor’s working time, increase the efficiency of diagnosis, improve the principles of selection and formation of risk groups of patients during an expanded medical check-up.Симптомокомплекс нарушений постковидного периода достаточно широк и требует специальной настороженности врача при проведении диспансеризации пациентов, перенесших новую коронавирусную инфекцию.Целью работы Междисциплинарного Совета экспертов явилась разработка унифицированного вопросника для самостоятельного заполнения пациентом при подготовке к углубленной диспансеризации после перенесенного COVID-19.Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ существующих международных и отечественных анкет и шкал с целью оценки их релевантности, удобства и простоты заполнения для возможного скрининга расстройств постковидного периода. Результаты. Итогом работы Междисциплинарного Совета Экспертов в июне-августе 2021 г. явилось создание нового скрининг-вопросника по первичной оценке состояния здоровья пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, предназначенного для самостоятельного заполнения ими при подготовке к углубленной диспансеризации.Заключение. Создание унифицированного вопросника пациента при скрининге постковидных нарушений позволит существенно оптимизировать рабочее время врача, повысить эффективность диагностики заболеваний, совершенствовать принципы отбора и формирования групп риска пациентов при углубленной диспансеризации

Genetic and Epigenetic Aspects of Skin Collagen Fiber Turnover and Functioning

One of the most important functions of the skin, i.e., protection from mechanical damage, is ensured by collagen fibers and their interaction with other elements in the extracellular matrix. Collagen fiber turnover is a complex multi-stage process. At each stage, a disruption may occur, leading to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the connective tissue. Clinically, collagen formation disorders manifest themselves as increased flabbiness and looseness of the skin and as early signs of facial aging. In addition to the clinical picture, it is important for cosmetologists and dermatologists to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of collagenopathies. In our review, we summarized and systematized the available information concerning the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in skin collagen fiber turnover. Furthermore, we focused on the functions of different types of collagens present in the skin. Understanding the etiology of impaired collagen formation can allow doctors to prescribe pathogenetically based treatments, achieve the most effective results, and minimize adverse reactions

Spatiotemporal dynamics of the average and turbulent components of the kinetic wind energy in the lower atmosphere from minisodar data

Based on post-processing of diurnal hourly measurements of three wind velocity components and their variances with an AV4000 minisodar in the lower 200-meter layer of the atmosphere, statistical analysis of the turbulent, ЕТКЕ, and average, ЕМКЕ, kinetic wind energy components has been performed. It was shown that for the diurnal period of continuous minisodar observations, the turbulent kinetic energy component in the groundatmospheric layer to altitudes of ~50 m was low. At altitudes in the range from 50 to 100 m, the turbulent kinetic energy ЕТКЕ increased, at altitudes exceeding 100 m, its growth rate intensified, and the maximum ЕТКЕ values were observed at altitudes of 150–200 m. It was established that the results of observations influenced significantly by time of the day. However, at any time, the maximum turbulent energy was localized at altitudes of ~100–200 m, which posed the greatest danger to light small-sized unmanned vehicles. The approach to revealing times and altitudes of maximum and minimum kinetic wind energy values from the minisodar data, that is, the most and least favorable time and altitude range for flights of light small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles has been proposed, and its efficiency has been illustrated

Dynamics of total kinetic energy components in the atmospheric boundary layer from minisodar measurements

The spatiotemporal dynamics of the total kinetic energy in the atmospheric boundary layer is analyzed in the present work, including the mean kinetic energy component and the ratio of the turbulent to mean kinetic energy components, retrieved by post-processing of long time series of vertical profiles of both average values and variances of the 3D wind vector measured with a minisodar. It can be used to analyze and to predict the dynamics of the wind effect on flying objects in the atmospheric boundary layer

Dynamics of the kinetic energy flux density vector in the lower 200-meter layer of the atmosphere

In the report, the diurnal hourly dynamics of the mean and turbulent components of the kinetic energy flux density vector (the Umov vector) retrieved from minisodar measurements of the 3D wind vector and its 3D variance in the lower 200-meter layer of the atmosphere is analyzed. The results of this analysis can be used to elucidate time periods and altitude ranges of the maximal and minimal values of the Umov vector components as well as the prevailing directions of the total kinetic energy transfer, that is, to detect times and altitudes most and least favorable for flights of unmanned aerial vehicles, to estimate the effect of wind on high-rise buildings and bridges, and to predict the wind energy potential of wind turbines

Mental stress in atopic dermatitis--neuronal plasticity and the cholinergic system are affected in atopic dermatitis and in response to acute experimental mental stress in a randomized controlled pilot study.

RATIONALE: In mouse models for atopic dermatitis (AD) hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) dysfunction and neuropeptide-dependent neurogenic inflammation explain stress-aggravated flares to some extent. Lately, cholinergic signaling has emerged as a link between innate and adaptive immunity as well as stress responses in chronic inflammatory diseases. Here we aim to determine in humans the impact of acute stress on neuro-immune interaction as well as on the non-neuronal cholinergic system (NNCS). METHODS: Skin biopsies were obtained from 22 individuals (AD patients and matched healthy control subjects) before and after the Trier social stress test (TSST). To assess neuro-immune interaction, nerve fiber (NF)-density, NF-mast cell contacts and mast cell activation were determined by immunohistomorphometry. To evaluate NNCS effects, expression of secreted mammal Ly-6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-related protein (SLURP) 1 and 2 (endogenous nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands) and their main corresponding receptors were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: With respect to neuro-immune interaction we found higher numbers of NGF+ dermal NF in lesional compared to non-lesional AD but lower numbers of Gap43+ growing NF at baseline. Mast cell-NF contacts correlated with SCORAD and itch in lesional skin. With respect to the NNCS, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 (α7nAChR) mRNA was significantly lower in lesional AD skin at baseline. After TSST, PGP 9.5+ NF numbers dropped in lesional AD as did their contacts with mast cells. NGF+ NF now correlated with SCORAD and mast cell-NF contacts with itch in non-lesional skin. At the same time, SLURP-2 levels increased in lesional AD skin. CONCLUSIONS: In humans chronic inflammatory and highly acute psycho-emotional stress interact to modulate cutaneous neuro-immune communication and NNCS marker expression. These findings may have consequences for understanding and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases in the future