Comparison of dynamic of autonomic control indices in cardiovascular system under the treatment by ACE inhibitor (Enalapril) and beta-blocker (Metoprolol) in patients with hypertension

The objective of the present research was to compare the influence of Enalapril and Metoprolol on synchronization of 0.1 Hz-regulation of heart and blood microcirculation. 42 patients aged 49±9 years old with hypertension I, II were included in the study. 0.1 Hz-oscillations in heart rate variability (HRV) and blood microcirculation were registered during the passive orthostatic sign while breathing spontaneously. The duration of each test was 10 minutes. Synchronization was estimated as a phase difference between 0.1 Hz-rhythms in heart rate and in filling of blood microcirculation. Quantitative measures of synchronization were also estimated. In addition frequency values of HRV spectrum in LF- and HF-ranges were assessed. Enalapril and Metoprolol had comparable effect on blood pressure reduction. Treatment with both Enalapril and Metoprolol in patients with significant vegetative dysfunction resulted in repair of functional interaction between 0.1 Hz-regulation of heart and blood microcirculation. Enalapril was preferred in hypertensive patients with prevalence of disorders of vegetative regulation of blood microcirculation. Metoprolol influenced positively on 0,1 Hz-rhythm synchronization in patients with predominance of heart vegetative regulation dysfunction and in patients with sympathicotonia. In patients with hypertension and initially normal level of synchronization of 0.1 Hz-mechanisms treatment with Enalapril or Metoprolol caused functional dissociation. Differentiated approach to the choice of hypertensive therapy should consider individual peculiarities of system vegetative dysfunction. The level of synchronization of 0.1 Hz-rhythms in cardiovascular system should especially be evaluated initially and during the treatmen

Pretest probability of coronary artery disease as a factor for optimizing invasive diagnostics in routine clinical practice

According to the European Society of Cardiology guidelines, patients with chest pain requires the calculation of pretest probability (PTP) of coronary artery disease (CAD), followed by the identification of diagnostic tactics.Aim. To analyze the registry of patients with stable CAD in order to assess the frequency of PTP calculation, as well as the validity of diagnostic tactics choice depending on its level.Material and methods. The data of the registry of patients with stable CAD for the periods from 2012 to 2014 and from 2017 to 2019 were analyzed. We assessed the number of CAD patients, proportion of men, and distribution of patients depending on angina functional class. In addition, data on PTP calculation, as well as distribution of patients and diagnostic strategy selected depending on its value was analyzed. To assess differences (p) in pairwise comparisons, Student’s t-test was used. Differences were considered significant at p<0,05. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2010 (Microsoft, USA) and STATISTICA 6.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA).Results. In 2017-2019, the number of detected CAD cases and proportion of men increased. In both time periods, an insufficient level of calculating PTP of CAD remains. In patients with intermediate PTP, 15-85% of priority tactics are invasive interventions, and with high PTP, the percentage of invasive methods does not reach the proper level, which does not correspond to modern guidelines for the management of CAD patients and leads to misappropriation of funds and healthcare resources.Conclusion. According to medical records, PTP can be determined in less than half of patients. In CAD patients with intermediate PTP, non-invasive studies are not carried out in full, since coronary angiography is preferred. In patients with a high PTP, invasive diagnostics is insufficient

The management of acute myocardial infarction in the Russian Federation: Protocol for a study of patient pathways [version 2; referees: 2 approved]

Source at https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12478.2. Background: Death rates from cardiovascular disease in Russia are among the highest in the world. In recent years, the Russian government has invested substantially in the healthcare system, with a particular focus on improving access to advanced technology, especially for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This protocol describes a study to understand the management of AMI in different Russian regions, investigating the role of patient, clinical, and health system characteristics. Methods: A prospective observational study has recruited a representative sample of AMI patients within 16 hospitals from 13 regions across Russia. Criteria for inclusion are being aged 35-70 years with a confirmed diagnosis of AMI and surviving until the day after admission. Information being collected includes health system contacts and features of clinical management prior to the event and in the 12 months following discharge from hospital. Following initial exploration of the data to generate hypotheses, multivariate analyses will be applied to assess the role of these characteristics in both treatment decisions and any delays in time critical interventions. Between June 2015 and August 2016, 1,122 patients have been recruited at baseline and follow-up to 12 months post-discharge is scheduled to be completed by autumn 2017. The study is unique in examining patient factors, clinical management prior to admission and in hospital in the acute phase and throughout the critical first year of recovery across a diverse range of geographies and facilities. It uses standardized instruments to collect data from patients and health care providers and includes regions that are diverse in terms of geography and development of cardiology capacity. However, given the limited health services research capacity in the Russian Federation, it was not possible to obtain a sample that was truly nationally representative

COMPARISON OF FOSINOPRIL AND ATENOLOL EFFECT ON HEART 0.1 HZ-RHYTHMS SYNCHRONIZATION AND BLOOD MICROCIRCULATION IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Aim. To compare the effect of fosinopril and atenolol on synchronization of heart 0.1 Hz-rhythms and blood microcirculatory.Material and methods. 63 patients at the age of 47±8 with hypertension (HT) of grade 1-2 were enrolled in the study. 0.1 Hz-oscillations in heart rate variability (HRV) and in filling of microcirculatory bed were registered during passive tilt test under spontaneous breathing. The duration of each stage of test was 10 min. Synchronization was estimated as a phase difference between 0.1 Hz-rhythms of heart rate and filling of microcirculatory bed. Frequency values of HRV spectrum in LF- and HF-ranges were also assessed.Results. Fosinopril and atenolol showed comparable effect on blood pressure (BP) reduction. Atenolol decreased in heart rate significantly. Treatment with either fosinopril or atenolol in patients with significant vegetative dysfunction resulted in repair of functional interaction between heart 0.1 Hz-regulation and microcirculatory bed. Functional dissociation of 0.1 Hz-regulation mechanisms was observed under the treatment with fosinopril or atenolol in patients with initially sufficient interaction.Conclusions. Fosinopril and atenolol influenced similarly on heart 0.1 Hz-mechanisms and microcirculation autonomic regulation in patients with HT. Atenolol is a drug of choice in patients with sympathicotony. Both drugs should be administered in according with an individual level of 0.1-Hz rhythms synchronization assessed before start of the treatment

COMPARISON OF ACE INHIBITOR (FOSINOPRIL) AND Β-ADRENOBLOCKER (ATENOLOL) EFFECTS ON AUTONOMIC REGULATION OF THE HEART IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Aim. To estimate effects of fosinopril and atenolol on autonomic regulation of heart in patients with arterial hypertension (HT) on the basis of spectral characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV).Material and methods. 49 patients (46±7 y.o.) with untreated or inadequately treated HT without end organ damages and associated clinical conditions were involved in the study. Heart rhythm was registered during passive orthostatic test with spontaneous breath within 10 min for each stage of the test. HRV was estimated by parametrical method based on autoregression model. Frequency power of HRV spectrum (ms2 ) in high-frequency (HF: 0,15-0,4 Hz) and low-frequency (LF: 0,04-0,15 Hz) ranges was calculated as well as the total power of a spectrum (ТР).Results. Fosinopril and atenolol reduced in blood pressure levels similarly, atenolol as well reduced in heart rate. Fosinopril and atenolol changed power of LF-range in comparable decreasing manner in upright position. Fosinopril therapy resulted in the same changes with power of HF-range. Atenolol increased power of HF-range in horizontal position and had no effect in upright position. There were not dynamic in TP during treatments.Conclusion. Fosinopril and atenolol have similar effects on the central mechanisms of autonomic heart regulation and HRV, though atenolol effect on sympathetic-parasympathetic balance is more prominent

СТЕНОЗ КОРОНАРНЫХ АРТЕРИЙ: ВСЕГДА ЛИ ОБОСНОВАНА РЕВАСКУЛЯРИЗАЦИЯ?

Aim. To determine factors associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and/ or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), who have no indications for myocardial revascularization.Methods. The data were collected using the Federal CAD Registry. Medical data of 1522 patients with CAD were reviewed. Of them, 326 patients (median age – 54.7±8.7 years; 73.0% – males) who had no indications for PCI and CABG according to 2013 ESC guidelines on stable CAD (ESC 2014) were analyzed.Results. 216 patients out of 326 (66%) patients received medical treatment. The rest 110 patients (34%) without any recommended indications underwent myocardial revascularization. Discriminate analysis determined coronary artery stenosis of >70% was the only factor reliably associated with the decision to perform myocardial revascularization in the absence of any indications (р<0.001). Almost 93% of the interventions were performed in asymptomatic patients or patients with mild angina.Conclusion. Patients with stable CAD without any objective indications for coronary intervention may be unreasonably referred to myocardial revascularization (commonly PCI) due to coronary artery stenosis >70% regardless of whether they have or do not have angina symptoms. Цель. Выявить факторы, связанные с выполнением чрескожного коронарного вмешательства (ЧКВ) и/или аорто-коронарного шунтирования (АКШ) у пациентов со стабильными формами ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС), не имеющих показаний к реваскуляризации.Материалы и методы. Источником данных послужил Регистр больных ИБС. Проанализированы данные 1522 пациентов со стабильными формами ИБС. Для целей исследования отобраны данные 326 пациентов (средний возраст – 54,7±8,7 лет, 73,0% – мужчины), у которых отсутствовали показания к АКШ и ЧКВ согласно рекомендациям Европейского кардиологического общества по лечению стабильной ИБС 2013 г. (ESC 2014).Результаты. В ходе исследования выявлено, что у 216 из 326 (66%) пациентов в полном соответствии с клиническими рекомендациями была выбрана консервативная стратегия. 110 пациентам (34%) реваскуляризация миокарда выполнена в отсутствие рекомендованных показаний. По результатам дискриминантного анализа установлено, что единственным фактором, значимо влияющим на выполнение реваскуляризации миокарда без показаний, является наличие стеноза коронарных артерий более 70% (р<0,001). Коронарное вмешательство в ≈93% случаев выполнялось у бессимптомных пациентов или пациентов с минимальными симптомами стенокардии.Заключение. Пациенты со стабильными формами ИБС, не имеющие показаний к реваскуляризации миокарда, могут быть необоснованно подвергнуты коронарному вмешательству (чаще ЧКВ) при наличии стеноза коронарной артерии >70%, в том числе при отсутствии клиники стенокардии.

Медицинская помощь больным острым коронарным синдромом в 2018 году: данные федерального регистра

Aim. To evaluate the quality of reperfusion, medical therapy, as well as the short-term outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 2018 using the data of the national ACS registry.Methods. Medical records of 30,594 ACS patients (62% - men, the mean age of 65±11,2 years) treated in 30 regions of the Russian Federation in 2018 were selected in the National ACS Registry and analyzed. The rate and timing of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and fibrinolysis, prescription of aspirin, clopidogrel, beta-blockers, statins, and in-hospital mortality rate were assessed.Results. Fibrinolysis was performed in 29.9% of patients with ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. 54,3% of patients with ST-segment elevation ACS underwent PCI. 47.7% and 60.5% of patients were treated within 30 minutes of first medical contact to fibrinolysis and 90 minutes to primary PCI. 95.6% of patients received aspirin, 84.9% - clopidogrel, 88.8% - beta-blockers, and 93.4% - statins. The inhospital mortality was 2.9%.Conclusion. The main clinical performance and quality measures for medical therapy in 2018 were high according to the National ACS Registry. PCI prevailed among the selected reperfusion strategies. However, the timing of both, PCI and fibrinolysis, was insufficient.Цель. Оценить качество мероприятий по реперфузии миокарда, медикаментозной терапии, а также краткосрочные исходы лечения у больных острым коронарным синдромом (ОКС) по данным Федерального регистра за 2018 г.Материалы и методы. Проанализированы данные 30 594 пациентов (62% мужчин, средний возраст 65±11,2 года) из 30 регионов Российской Федерации, полученные из Федерального регистра ОКС за 2018 г. Оценены частота и своевременность чрескожных коронарных вмешательств (ЧКВ) и тромболизиса, назначение аспирина, клопи-догрела, бета-блокаторов, статинов, уровень госпитальной летальности.Результаты. Тромболитические препараты назначали 29,9% пациентов с ОКС с подъемом сегмента ST, ЧКВ выполнено 54,3% больных ОКС с подъемом сегмента ST. Тромболизис выполнен в течение 30 мин 47,7% больных, ЧКВ в течение 90 мин - 60,5% пациентов. Характеристики медикаментозного лечения: аспирин назначали 95,6% больных, клопидогрел - 84,9%, в—блокаторы - 88,8%, статины - 93,4% пациентов с ОКС, включенных в Федеральный регистр. Госпитальная летальность составила 2,9%.Заключение. По данным Федерального регистра больных ОКС в 2018 г. отмечено высокое качество основных мероприятий медикаментозной терапии. Мероприятия по реперфузии миокарда характеризуются преобладанием ЧКВ. Своевременность выполнения реваскуляризации миокарда (как тромболизиса, так и ЧКВ) недостаточная