MetaboNetworks, an interactive Matlab-based toolbox for creating, customizing and exploring sub-networks from KEGG.

Summary: MetaboNetworks is a tool to create custom sub-networks in Matlab using main reaction pairs as defined by the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes and can be used to explore transgenomic interactions, for example mammalian and bacterial associations. It calculates the shortest path between a set of metabolites (e.g. biomarkers from a metabonomic study) and plots the connectivity between metabolites as links in a network graph. The resulting graph can be edited and explored interactively. Furthermore, nodes and edges in the graph are linked to the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes compound and reaction pair web pages. Availability and implementation: MetaboNetworks is available from http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/42684. Contact: [email protected] or [email protected] Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online

ANALISIS KESULITAN GURU BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) DI SMK SWASTA PARIWISATA PRIMA SIDIKALANG

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Analisis Kesulitan Guru Bahasa Indonesia dalam Pembelajaran Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) di SMK Swasta Pariwisata Prima Sidikalang. Permasalahan kesulitan belajar dalam pembelajaran HOTS tersebut dideskripsikan berdasarkan dua aspek yang meliputi faktor kesulitan guru dilihat dari inteligensi dan faktor kesulitan guru dilihat dari non-inteligensi guru dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa di SMK Swasta Pariwisata Prima Sidikalang yang menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis HOTS.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa informan belum siap atau kesulitan dalam menerapkan  pembelajaran berbasis HOTS. Pada aspek pelaksanaan pembelajaran, guru masih belum memahami secara keseluruhan mengenai tentang K13 sehingga membuat informan masih kesulitan dalam menentukan model pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran yang dibawakan. Guru juga masih kesulitan dalam penyusunan baik dalam KI, KD, penyusunan silabus, penyusunan RPP yang sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti juga menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis HOTS masih belum dipahami baik dalam pembelajaran HOTS, penyusunan RPP yang berorientasi HOTS, penyusunan soal atau pertanyaan berbasis HOTS maupun dalam format penilaian dalam pembelajaran yang berbasis HOTS

Acute metabolic effects of metformin during critical illness

Metformin is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Some patients with renal dysfunction can develop metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA). This thesis aims to improve understanding of metformin’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties during critical illness.During normothermic machine perfusion of rat and porcine kidneys, an increasing metformin concentration was associated with a decreasing metformin clearance, explained by saturation of metformin transporters rather than a self-inhibitory effect. Furthermore, metformin had minor effects on renal function and injury within the same model. In patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction, metformin use was also not associated with changes in renal function. Among 37,293 patients admitted to ICUs in Northern Denmark, a similar lactate level was associated with a lower mortality rate for metformin users than nonusers. Metformin users had 0.61 mmol/L higher lactate levels than nonusers in the early phase of critical illness. Also, this difference was more pronounced in case of acute kidney injury. Lactate levels should thus be interpreted according to metformin use.Based on the autopsy of a patient with accidental metformin intoxication, sequestration of metformin within the kidney was observed. In another patient with MALA, we found that only a daily metformin dose (1769 mg) was eliminated during recovery. This small amount of metformin indicates an accordingly low volume of distribution when developing MALA. We hypothesize that acidosis might decrease metformin’s active transport and with that it’s volume of distribution. Therefore, initial treatment of MALA should be focused on correcting acidosis by bicarbonate administration

Hubungan Persepsi Potensi Korupsi, Daya Saing dan Kemudahan Berusaha Serta Dampaknya pada Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Daerah (Analisa Data dari Survei Persepsi Korupsi)

Paper ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah potensi korupi yang diukur berbasis persepsi dapat menerangkanhubungan antara hambatan bisnis dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di daerah. Persepsi korupsi memiliki keeratandengan indikator insiden korupsi, probabilitas korupsi, dan alokasi biaya suap. Metode penelitian yang dilakukanadalah analisa deskriptif dengan melihat hubungan antar variabel, yaitu persepsi potensi korupsi, potensi suap,daya saing, dan kemudahan berusaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi potensi korupsi memilikihubungan kuat dengan persepsi daya saing dan kemudahan berusaha, tetapi belum memiliki hubungan denganpertumbuhan ekonomi

Evaluation of the COVID-19 Handling Programs and National Economic Recovery in Indonesia

This study aims to see the budget allocation for the Covid-19 Handling Program and National Economic Recovery (PC-PEN), based on realizing the PC-PEN Program budget in 2020 and the challenges in 2021. The research method in this study is to use a qualitative approach through a review of the literature with the primary source coming from the Ministry of Finance, especially from the Warta Fiskal published by the Fiscal Policy Agency of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as other supporting sources. From data through literature, social protection programs and support for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) show significant budget absorption development. While the health management program, sectoral support from ministries/agencies and local governments, and business incentives, the absorption is still low. The Government must pay attention to the implementation and effectiveness of the PC-PEN Program, including maintaining the most subordinate economic groups' consumption and giving priority to the distribution of stimulus funds to the sectors most affected by this pandemic. Keywords: Pandemic Covid-19, National Economic Recovery (PEN), PEN Budge

Financing Defence: The Influence of Defence Budget on National Economic Growth: An Indonesian Case

In our hypothesis the defense budget must reduce the traditional threat and influence the economic. This research would like to see if the defense spending will influence the national economics through economic growth by demand side approach. By assuming the natural balance of power, the traditional threat come not only from military capabilities but also balanced by their economic power. The equation model formed to capture the influence of defense spending to economics growth. The regression describes that military spending had an impact on economic growth. Increase in the level of traditional threat is not reduce economic growth. The Indonesian defense budget give impact on the national economics, and the traditional threat is in small variation. But, the national defense budget still needs to be increased. This makes production could be stable, and the economic actors still feel safe doing the business

MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW: LEADERSHIP IN CHANGE

This paper aims to study how the leadership of an organization manages the process of change in its environment. The challenges faced are various changes both from within and outside the organization in a very fast, chaotic and turbulent, which has become the 'new' normal. The method of writing this paper is done through a study of various literatures. The COVID19 pandemic has various impacts on people's lives, especially business organizations or companies, which has caused many changes in the world of VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and Ambiguity). Every organization must be able to identify it because every problem requires a fast and precise response. Each of these VUCA components presents challenges that need to be faced with Vision, Understanding, Clarity, and Agility.   Keywords: Management, Leadership, Change, VUC