Landscape and Roadmap of Future Internet and Smart Cities

FP7 Fireball coordination Action, http://www.fireball4smartcities.eu/This final D2.1 report forms a synthesis and further extension of the previousreports D1.2 [M6] and D1.2 [M12]. The key topics addressed in this reportreflect the key priorities of the WP2 and are: * Understanding the Smart City, providing state of the art and trends .FIREBALL understands Smart Cities as innovation ecosystems for the FutureInternet. The three areas of Smart Cities, Future Internet and Living Labsare explored including their interlinkages and how they can be exploited.This results into a mapping of the new landscape of Smart Cities and theFuture Internet. * Smart City case studies . Seven cases have been elaborated as a means toexplore and examine current developments, objectives, strategies in "smartcities" and establish collaboration between Smart Cities and the Eurocitiescommunity on one side and Future Internet and Living Labs on the other. * Collaboration models for Smart Cities innovation. In particular we focuson collaboration models that are fundamental to developing andimplementing common innovation activities of the three communitiesconstituting the FIREBALL domain: Smart Cities, Future Internet and Livinglabs. * Thematic Roadmap of Future Internet and Living Labs for SmartCities . This activity forms input for WP3 activities as well as to the Horizon2020 development process supported by the FISA group of Future InternetSupport Actions. The Roadmap activities also support the development of astrategy to implement collaboration models mentioned.The work regarding collaboration models relates strongly to the companionD1.2 (M12) report on Common Assets and the D1.3 (M12) report on Accessmechanisms. The D1.2 report identifies and describes smart cities, living labsand future Internet common assets, which is fundamental to the collaborationmodels mentioned. The D1.3 develops approaches to create access to theseassets and proposes sharing mechanisms.The topics addressed should be considered in close relation to the communitybuilding and collaborative activities that we have undertaken jointly with FIAand Eurocities communities since starting this project in 2010. Our intentionhas always been not only to produce reports but to play a proactive role inchanging the research and innovation landscape as regards Future Internet,Living Labs and Smart Cities

Smart Cities as Innovation Ecosystems sustained by the Future Internet

FIREBALL White paperThe White Paper focuses on how European cities are currently developing strategies towards becoming "smarter cities" and the lessons we can draw for the future. Such strategies are based on an assessment of the future needs of cities and innovative usages of ICTs embodied in the broadband Internet and Internet-based applications now and foreseen for the future. These strategies are also based on a new understanding of innovation, grounded in the concept of open innovation ecosystems, global innovation chains, and on citizens' empowerment for shaping innovation and urban development. This White Paper is one of the main outcomes of the FIREBALL project (www.fireball4smartcities.eu), a Coordination Action within the 7th Framework Programme for ICT, running in the period 2010-2012. The aim of FIREBALL is to bring together communities and stakeholders who are active in three areas: (1) research and experimentation on the Future Internet (FIRE); (2) open and user-driven innovation (Living Labs); and (3) urban development. The goal is to develop a common vision and a common view on how the different approaches, methodologies, policies and technologies in these areas can be aligned to boost innovation and socio-economic development of cities. The White Paper has explored the landscape of "smart cities" as environments of open and user driven innovation sustained by Future Internet technologies and services. Smart cities are also seen as environments enabled by advanced ICT infrastructure for testing and validating current Future Internet research and experimentation. Overall, the smart city is built upon a triangle of "City" - "Open Innovation Ecosystems" - "Future Internet" components. The White Paper explores also how cities and urban areas represent a critical mass when it comes to shaping the demand for advanced Internet-based services in large-scale testing and validation. Shaping this demand informs ongoing research, experimentation and deployment activities related to Future Internet testbeds, and helps establishing a dialogue between the different communities involved in the development of the future Internet and user-driven environments, to form partnerships and assess social and economic benefits and discovery of migration paths at early stages. Based on a holistic instead of technology merely driven perspective on smart cities, we consider necessary to revisit the concept of the Smart City itself. The concept of the smart city that emerges from FIREBALL can be summarized as follows: "The smart city concept is multi-dimensional. It is a future scenario (what to achieve), even more it is an urban development strategy (how to achieve it). It focuses on how (Internet-related) technologies enhance the lives of citizens. This should not be interpreted as drawing the smart city technology scenario. Rather, the smart city is how citizens are shaping the city in using this technology, and how citizens are enabled to do so. The smart city is about how people are empowered, through using technology, for contributing to urban change and realizing their ambitions. The smart city provides the conditions and resources for change. In this sense, the smart city is an urban laboratory, an urban innovation ecosystem, a living lab, an agent of change. Much less do we see a smart city in terms of a Ranking. This ranking is a moment in time, a superficial result of underlying changes, not the mechanism of transformation. The smart city is the engine of transformation, a generator of solutions for wicked problems, it is how the city is behaving smart.

Espanjan ja Suomen kuntien hallintokulttuurien vertailu: tarkastelussa kaupunkiorganisaatiot Ripolletissä ja Rovaniemellä

Tutkimus on kuvaus tunnistaa, oppia ja ymmärtää vieraan maan tai alueen hallinto- ja organisaatiokulttuureita niistä vertailututkimusta tehdessään. Käytännön tasolla esi-merkkeinä ja aineistoina ovat Espanjan autonomisen alueen Katalonian pääkaupungin Barcelonan esikaupunki Ripollet ja Suomen Lapin läänin pääkaupunki Rovaniemi. Tut-kimuksessa vertaillaan ja tarkastellaan strategiaa, strategista suunnittelua tai strategista johtamista ja sen olemusta tutkittavissa kaupungeissa. Tutkimus kuvaa Espanjan ja Suomen kuntajärjestelmiä, ja niiden historiaa. Lisäksi tut-kimus kertoo Ripolletin ja Rovaniemen hallintokunta- ja luottamushenkilöorganisaati-oista ja kaupunkien päätöksentekoprosesseista ja niiden eroista ja yhtäläisyyksistä, stra-tegiasta ja sen suunnittelusta kaupungeissa, hallintokuntien välisestä yhteisyöstä, sekä virkamiesten ja poliittisten luottamushenkilöiden suhteista. Tutkimus on kuvaus kaikesta edellä mainitusta paikallisen kulttuurin tutkimuksen kautta kuvattuna. Sen avulla tutkimuksessa kuvataan kaupunkien hallinnon, organisaatioiden, päätöksenteon ja suunnittelun eroja. Kulttuuri on historiasta johtuvien ja opittujen arvo-jen ja toimintatapojen verkko jokaisen ihmisen ja organisaation sisällä. Tutkimus kokeilee uutta tutkimusotetta, jossa tutkimuksen aineisto on koodattu groun-ded teorialla ja sillä saatuja kategorioita ja käsitteitä on vertailtu hallintotieteen kansain-välisen vertailututkimuksen metodilla saatuihin tutkimustuloksiin strategiasta, sen suunnittelusta ja johtamisesta. Tuloksena on menetelmien toisiansa tukeva kokonaisuus, joka kertoo havainnollisesti ja laadullisesti mikä on ajankohtainen tilanne tutkittavissa kaupungeissa. Lisäksi kyseessä on ensimmäinen kerta kun verrataan Espanjan ja Suo-men kuntaorganisaatioita, joten siltäkin osin tutkimus antaa uutta tietoa

Common Assets identification and Characterisation

FP7 Fireball coordination Action, http://www.fireball4smartcities.eu/Smart Cities innovation ecosystems are based on an infrastructure forinnovation. This infrastructure is built upon what within FIREBALL we are calling "common assets": resources of various types that can be selected, combined,shared and used by those who want to engage in living labs innovation projects.In this report, common assets types such as technical infrastructures, userdriven open innovation methods and tools, test bed facilities and usercommunities are identified and characterized based on a number of cases. Thecharacterization results into an overview and analysis how configurations of suchcommon assets can be tailored to the needs and requirements of Smart Cities.The work reported in this deliverable forms the basis for describing mechanismsfor access and governance of the common assets (D1.3). Also it is of relevanceto, and has been developed in close coordination with, the Landscape andRoadmap as developed in D2.1, which contains a number of "Smart City" casestudies where common assets are being studied as well.The work presented in this deliverable has been subject of several FIREBALLworkshops where the concept of common assets has been discussed andelaborated: * Future Interne Assembly (FIA) conference, Ghent, December 2010, workshopon "Smart Cities and Future Internet Experimentation". Workshop jointlyorganized with FIRESTATION. * Future Internet Assembly (FIA) conference, Budapest, May 2011, workshopon "Smart Cities and FIRE: Experimentation and Living Labs for the FutureInternet". Workshop jpointly organized with FIRESTATION. * ICE 2011 conference, June 2011, Aachen: workshop "Common Assets forSmart Cities Living Labs Innovation: IT Infrastructures, methods and usercommunities".The work has been subject of elaborate discussions with FIA members and alsohas resulted in a joint proposal for a Support Action in FP7-ICT (currently underevaluation)