38 research outputs found
The quantum maxima for the basic graphs of exclusivity are not reachable in Bell scenarios
A necessary condition for the probabilities of a set of events to exhibit
Bell nonlocality or Kochen-Specker contextuality is that the graph of
exclusivity of the events contains induced odd cycles with five or more
vertices, called odd holes, or their complements, called odd antiholes. From
this perspective, events whose graph of exclusivity are odd holes or antiholes
are the building blocks of contextuality. For any odd hole or antihole, any
assignment of probabilities allowed by quantum mechanics can be achieved in
specific contextuality scenarios. However, here we prove that, for any odd
hole, the probabilities that attain the quantum maxima cannot be achieved in
Bell scenarios. We also prove it for the simplest odd antiholes. This leads us
to the conjecture that the quantum maxima for any of the building blocks cannot
be achieved in Bell scenarios. This result sheds light on why the problem of
whether a probability assignment is quantum is decidable, while whether a
probability assignment within a given Bell scenario is quantum is, in general,
undecidable. This also helps to undertand why identifying principles for
quantum correlations is simpler when we start by identifying principles for
quantum sets of probabilities defined with no reference to specific scenarios.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Expression and function of G-protein-coupled receptorsin the male reproductive tract
This review focuses on the expression and function of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), α1-adrenoceptors and relaxin receptors in the male reproductive tract. The localization and differential expression of mAChR and α1-adrenoceptor subtypes in specific compartments of the efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate of various species indicate a role for these receptors in the modulation of luminal fluid composition and smooth muscle contraction, including effects on male fertility. Furthermore, the activation of mAChRs induces transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the Sertoli cell proliferation. The relaxin receptors are present in the testis, RXFP1 in elongated spermatids and Sertoli cells from rat, and RXFP2 in Leydig and germ cells from rat and human, suggesting a role for these receptors in the spermatogenic process. The localization of both receptors in the apical portion of epithelial cells and smooth muscle layers of the vas deferens suggests an involvement of these receptors in the contraction and regulation of secretion.Esta revisĂŁo enfatiza a expressĂŁo e a função dos receptores muscarĂnicos, adrenoceptores α1 e receptores para relaxina no sistema reprodutor masculino. A expressĂŁo dos receptores muscarĂnicos e adrenoceptores α1 em compartimentos especĂficos de dĂșctulos eferentes, epidĂdimo, ductos deferentes, vesĂcula seminal e prĂłstata de vĂĄrias espĂ©cies indica o envolvimento destes receptores na modulação da composição do fluido luminal e na contração do mĂșsculo liso, incluindo efeitos na fertilidade masculina. AlĂ©m disso, a ativação dos receptores muscarĂnicos leva Ă transativação do receptor para o fator crescimento epidermal e proliferação das cĂ©lulas de Sertoli. Os receptores para relaxina estĂŁo presentes no testĂculo, RXFP1 nas espermĂĄtides alongadas e cĂ©lulas de Sertoli de rato e RXFP2 nas cĂ©lulas de Leydig e germinativas de ratos e humano, sugerindo o envolvimento destes receptores no processo espermatogĂȘnico. A localização de ambos os receptores na porção apical das cĂ©lulas epiteliais e no mĂșsculo liso dos ductos deferentes de rato sugere um papel na contração e na regulação da secreção.Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado de SĂŁo Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico e TecnolĂłgico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de FarmacologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de FarmacologiaSciEL
Caracterização geomorfométrica e do uso do solo da Bacia Hidrogråfica do Alto Meia Ponte, Goiås
Sharing and community curation of mass spectrometry data with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking
The potential of the diverse chemistries present in natural products (NP) for biotechnology and medicine remains untapped because NP databases are not searchable with raw data and the NP community has no way to share data other than in published papers. Although mass spectrometry techniques are well-suited to high-throughput characterization of natural products, there is a pressing need for an infrastructure to enable sharing and curation of data. We present Global Natural Products Social molecular networking (GNPS, http://gnps.ucsd.edu), an open-access knowledge base for community wide organization and sharing of raw, processed or identified tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry data. In GNPS crowdsourced curation of freely available community-wide reference MS libraries will underpin improved annotations. Data-driven social-networking should facilitate identification of spectra and foster collaborations. We also introduce the concept of âliving dataâ through continuous reanalysis of deposited data
The Irish and policing in Islington
A report to Safer CitiesSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:OP-LG/8564 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Brazilian guidelines for the management of psychomotor agitation. Part 1. Non-pharmacological approach
Objective: To present the essential guidelines for non-pharmacological management of patients with psychomotor agitation in Brazil. Methods: These guidelines were developed based on a systematic review of articles published from 1997 to 2017, retrieved from MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, and SciELO. Other relevant articles identified by searching the reference lists of included studies were also used to develop these guidelines. The search strategy used structured questions formulated using the PICO model, as recommended by the Guidelines Project of the Brazilian Medical Association. Recommendations were summarized according to their level of evidence, which was determined using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine system and critical appraisal tools. Results: We initially selected 1,731 abstracts among 5,362 articles. The final sample included 104 articles that fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. The management of agitated patients should always start with the least coercive approach. The initial non-pharmacological measures include a verbal strategy and referral of the patient to the appropriate setting, preferably a facility designed for the care of psychiatric patients with controlled noise, lighting, and safety aspects. Verbal de-escalation techniques have been shown to decrease agitation and reduce the potential for associated violence in the emergency setting. The possibility of underlying medical etiologies must be considered first and foremost. Particular attention should be paid to the patientâs appearance and behavior, physical signs, and mental state. If agitation is severe, rapid tranquilization with medications is recommended. Finally, if verbal measures fail to contain the patient, physical restraint should be performed as the ultimate measure for patient protection, and always be accompanied by rapid tranquilization. Healthcare teams must be thoroughly trained to use these techniques and overcome difficulties if the verbal approach fails. It is important that healthcare professionals be trained in non-pharmacological management of patients with psychomotor agitation as part of the requirements for a degree and graduate degree. Conclusion: The non-pharmacological management of agitated patients should follow the hierarchy of less invasive to more invasive and coercive measures, starting with referral of the patient to an appropriate environment, management by a trained team, use of verbal techniques, performance of physical and mental assessment, use of medications, and, if unavoidable, use of the mechanical restraint. Systematic review registry number: CRD42017054440
Comparative study of esketamine and racemic ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: Protocol for a non-inferiority clinical trial
Carvalho, Lucas Pedreira de. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. LaboratĂłrio de Pesquisa ClĂnica. Salvador, BA, Brasil. a Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, b Psychiatry Service, University Hospital, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, c LiNCâLaboratĂłrio Interdisciplinar
de NeurociĂȘncias ClĂnicas, d Depatment of Anesthesiology, e PRODAFâPrograma de Transtornos Afetivos, Universidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo, SĂŁo Paulo,
f Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Institute of Psychology, g Immunology Service, Universidade Federal da Bahial, h Clinical Research Laboratory (LAPEC), Gonçalo
Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, i McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute & Department of Psychiatry, McGill
University, Montreal, Canada, j Center for Research and Clinical Trials Sinapse-Bairral, Instituto Bairral de Psiquiatria, Itapira, Brazil.Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-12-21T16:28:46Z
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Previous issue date: 2018Allergan and Lundbeck and research fees from Janssen Pharmaceutical during the last 12 months. ALTL has received
consulting fees from Janssen Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo Brasil, Cristalia Produtos QuĂmicos e FarmacĂȘuticos, Libbs FarmacĂȘutica and SanofiAventis and has
received research fees from Eli Lilly, H. Lundbeck A/S, Servier Laboratories, Hoffman-La Roche and Forum Pharmaceuticals during the last 12 months.MĂșltipla - ver em NotasThe use of ketamine as an option in the treatment of depressive disorder is growing rapidly, supported by numerous clinical trials attesting its efficacy and safety. Esketamine, the S (+) enantiomer of ketamine, is the most widely used form in the anesthetic environment in some countries, and new studies have shown that it may also be effective in depression and with better tolerability. However, no study so far has directly compared esketamine with racemic ketamine. Here we propose a protocol of a clinical trial to evaluate esketamine as a noninferior medicationMethods/design: This study protocol is for a randomized, controlled, double-blind noninferiority clinical trial. Subjects will be 18
years or older, with major depression characterized as treatment-resistant. Participants will receive a single infusion of either
esketamine (0.25mg/kg) or ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) over 40 minutes. The primary outcome will be the difference in remission rates
between the 2 treatment arms at 24 and 72hours after drug infusion. Secondary outcomes will include other timepoints,
measurements of cognition, dissociation, and blood biomarkers.
Discussion: A head-to-head study is the best way to evaluate whether the esketamine is in fact comparable to the racemic
ketamine in terms of both efficacy and safety, and, if positive, it would be an initial step to increase the access to that type of treatment
worldwide.
Ethics and dissemination: The study was approved by the local Institutional Review Board (University Hospital Professor
Edgard SantosâFederal University of BahiaâNumber: 46657415.0.0000.0049). Subjects will only participate after voluntarily
agreeing and signing the Informed Consent Form. The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at
national and international conferences.
Trial registration: This trial has been registered in the Japan Primary Registries Network (JPRN): UMIN000032355, which is
affiliated with the World Health Organization. when compared to ketamine in the treatment of patients with treatment-resistant depression