A ingestão de bebidas energéticas antes do exercício afeta a dinâmica não linear da recuperação da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca? Um ensaio randomizado, crossover, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo

Introduction and Objectives: Energy drinks (ED) are recognized to influence the behavior of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. We intended to study the influence of ED on non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) following exercise. Material and Methods: This randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Protocol number NCT02917889) was completed in a sample of 28 healthy males aged 24.11 ± 3.05 years (min-max 18-29). The first step involved the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). In the second protocol, the subjects received a placebo (250ml of water) or ED (250ml of energy drink) 15 minutes before the 30-minute exercise on a treadmill. In the third protocol, participants received the alternative protocol to the previous step. The nonlinear HRV were calculated at different times during the protocols. Results: Fractal analysis via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revealed that in the placebo protocol there was an increase in its values compared to recovery (Rec1) vs. Rest (Cohen's d= 1.42) and continued increasing in the last recording intervals: vs. Rec6 (Cohen's d= 0.70) and vs. Rec7 (Cohen's d= 0.85). In the ED protocol, the increase in DFA was only demonstrated when comparing Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1.78). Conclusion: ED intake prior to modest aerobic exercise triggered a slight acceleration of recovery.Introducción y Objetivo: Se sabe que las bebidas energéticas (DE) influyen en el comportamiento de los componentes simpático y parasimpático del sistema nervioso autónomo. Pretendemos estudiar la influencia de la DE en la variabilidad no lineal de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) después del ejercicio. Material y métodos: este ensayo clínico aleatorizado, cruzado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo (número de protocolo NCT02917889) se completó en una muestra de 28 hombres sanos de 24,11 ± 3,05 años (mín-máx 18-29). El primer paso involucró la evaluación del consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2 max). En el segundo protocolo, los sujetos recibieron placebo (250 ml de agua) o ED (250 ml de bebida energética) 15 minutos antes de los 30 minutos de ejercicio en cinta rodante. En el tercer protocolo, los participantes recibieron el protocolo alternativo al paso anterior. La HRV no lineal se calculó en diferentes momentos durante los protocolos. Resultados: El análisis fractal vía Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) reveló que en el protocolo placebo hubo un incremento en sus valores en relación a la recuperación (Rec1) vs. En reposo (d de Cohen= 1,42) y siguió aumentando en los últimos intervalos de registro: vs. Rec6 (d de Cohen = 0,70) y vs. Rec7 (d de Cohen = 0,85). En el protocolo ED, el aumento de DFA solo se demostró al comparar Rec1 vs. Reposo (d de Cohen=1,78). Conclusión: la ingesta de DE antes del ejercicio aeróbico moderado desencadenó una ligera aceleración de la recuperación.Introduzione e obiettivo: è noto che le bevande energetiche (DE) influenzano il comportamento delle componenti simpatiche e parasimpatiche del sistema nervoso autonomo. Intendiamo studiare l'influenza dell'ED sulla variabilità non lineare della frequenza cardiaca (HRV) dopo l'esercizio. Materiale e metodi: questo studio clinico randomizzato, incrociato, in doppio cieco, controllato con placebo (numero di protocollo NCT02917889) è stato completato su un campione di 28 uomini sani di età compresa tra 24,11 ± 3,05 anni (min-max 18-29). Il primo passo ha comportato la valutazione del consumo massimo di ossigeno (VO2 max). Nel secondo protocollo, i soggetti hanno ricevuto placebo (250 ml di acqua) o ED (250 ml di bevanda energetica) 15 minuti prima dell'esercizio di 30 minuti sul tapis roulant. Nel terzo protocollo, i partecipanti hanno ricevuto il protocollo alternativo al passaggio precedente. L'HRV non lineare è stato calcolato in momenti diversi durante i protocolli. Risultati: L'analisi frattale tramite Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) ha rivelato che nel protocollo placebo c'era un aumento dei suoi valori in relazione al recupero (Rec1) vs. A riposo (d di Cohen= 1.42) e ha continuato ad aumentare negli ultimi intervalli di registrazione: vs. Rec6 (d di Cohen = 0.70) e vs. Rec7 (d di Cohen = 0,85). Nel protocollo ED, l'aumento di DFA è stato dimostrato solo confrontando Rec1 vs. Riposo (Cohen d=1.78). Conclusione: l'ingestione di DE prima di un moderato esercizio aerobico ha innescato una leggera accelerazione del recupero.Introdução e Objetivo: As bebidas energéticas (DE) são reconhecidas por influenciar o comportamento dos componentes simpáticos e parassimpáticos do sistema nervoso autônomo. Pretendemos estudar a influência da DE na variabilidade não linear da frequência cardíaca (VFC) após o exercício. Material e Métodos: Este ensaio clínico randomizado, cruzado, duplo-cego, controlado por placebo (número do protocolo NCT02917889) foi concluído em uma amostra de 28 homens saudáveis com idade de 24,11 ± 3,05 anos (min-max 18-29). A primeira etapa envolveu a avaliação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 máx). No segundo protocolo, os sujeitos receberam placebo (250ml de água) ou ED (250ml de energético) 15 minutos antes do exercício de 30 minutos em esteira. No terceiro protocolo, os participantes receberam o protocolo alternativo à etapa anterior. A VFC não linear foi calculada em momentos diferentes durante os protocolos. Resultados: A análise fractal via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revelou que no protocolo placebo houve um aumento em seus valores em relação à recuperação (Rec1) vs. Repouso (Cohen's d= 1,42) e continuou aumentando nos últimos intervalos de registro: vs. Rec6 (d de Cohen = 0,70) e vs. Rec7 (d de Cohen = 0,85). No protocolo ED, o aumento do DFA só foi demonstrado ao comparar Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1,78). Conclusão: A ingestão de DE antes do exercício aeróbico moderado desencadeou uma ligeira aceleração da recuperação.Introdução e Objetivo: As bebidas energéticas (DE) são reconhecidas por influenciar o comportamento dos componentes simpáticos e parassimpáticos do sistema nervoso autônomo. Pretendemos estudar a influência da DE na variabilidade não linear da frequência cardíaca (VFC) após o exercício. Material e Métodos: Este ensaio clínico randomizado, cruzado, duplo-cego, controlado por placebo (número do protocolo NCT02917889) foi concluído em uma amostra de 28 homens saudáveis com idade de 24,11 ± 3,05 anos (min-max 18-29). A primeira etapa envolveu a avaliação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 máx). No segundo protocolo, os sujeitos receberam placebo (250ml de água) ou ED (250ml de energético) 15 minutos antes do exercício de 30 minutos em esteira. No terceiro protocolo, os participantes receberam o protocolo alternativo à etapa anterior. A VFC não linear foi calculada em momentos diferentes durante os protocolos. Resultados: A análise fractal via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revelou que no protocolo placebo houve um aumento em seus valores em relação à recuperação (Rec1) vs. Repouso (Cohen's d= 1,42) e continuou aumentando nos últimos intervalos de registro: vs. Rec6 (d de Cohen = 0,70) e vs. Rec7 (d de Cohen = 0,85). No protocolo ED, o aumento do DFA só foi demonstrado ao comparar Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1,78). Conclusão: A ingestão de DE antes do exercício aeróbico moderado desencadeou uma ligeira aceleração da recuperação

Uso de la radiofrecuencia en el tratamiento del acné: una revisión sistemática

Con gran prevalencia e impacto, el acné puedetener muchas formas, las cuales pueden ser tratadas por mediode medidas de higiene, medicamentos tópicos e intervencionesmanuales alternativas, como la limpieza de la piel y el uso deelectroterapia. La radiofrecuencia en el tratamiento de estaafección tiene como objetivo aumentar la temperatura en eltejido de la piel, provocando diversas reacciones metabólicasy estructurales, como la estimulación de la neocolagénesis.Este trabajo pretendió investigar el uso de corriente de altafrecuencia como coadyuvante en el tratamiento del acné.Esta es una revisión no sistemática en las bases de datosindexadas (MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS). En esta revisión seincluyeron 18 estudios, la mayoría de ellos abordaban diferentesrecursos para el tratamiento del acné asociados al uso de laradiofrecuencia. Se encontró que la radiofrecuencia tienepocas complicaciones y buenos resultados, además de laventaja adicional de permitir al paciente volver a la rutinainmediatamente después de su aplicaciónAcne, of great prevalence and impact, presentsmany forms that can be treated by hygiene, topical medications,and manual alternative interventions such as skin cleansingand electrotherapy. The use of radiofrequency in the treatmentof acne aims to increase the temperature in the cutaneoustissue, causing several metabolic and structural reactions, suchas stimulating neocollagenesis. This study aimed to investigatethe use of high-frequency current as an adjunctive treatmentfor acne. This is a non-systematic review of indexed databases(MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS). A total of 18 studies were includedin this review and most of them related different treatment foracne associated with radiofrequency. Radiofrequency presentsfew complications and good results, besides having as anadditional advantage the possibility of the patient returningto the routine immediately after applicationDe grande prevalência e impacto, a acneapresenta muitas formas, que podem ser tratadas pormeio de medidas de higienização, medicamentos tópicose intervenções alternativas manuais, como limpeza de pelee uso de eletroterapia. A radiofrequência no tratamentoda condição tem por objetivo produzir o aumento datemperatura no tecido cutâneo, ocasionando diversasreações metabólicas e estruturais, como o estímulo àneocolagênese. Este trabalho buscou investigar o uso dacorrente de alta frequência como coadjuvante no tratamentoda acne. Trata-se de uma revisão não sistemática de basesde dados indexadas (MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS). Foramincluídos 18 estudos nesta revisão, a maioria deles relacionadiferentes recursos de tratamento para acne associados aouso da radiofrequência. Verificou-se que a radiofrequênciaapresenta poucas complicações e bons resultados, além deter como vantagem adicional a possibilidade de o pacienteretornar à rotina imediatamente após a aplicação

Red beetroot extract accelerates recovery of nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability following exercise: A randomized trial

Introduction: Studying the behavior on nonlinear HRV indexes in situations mediated by exercise may reveal other ways to analyze HRV recovery after stress situations. To investigate the acute effects of beet extract on autonomic recovery following an acute resistance exercise session. Methods: This is a randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. We assessed 12 healthy male adults who participated in two protocols in randomized days: Beetroot extract (600mg in capsule) and Placebo (600mg in capsule). Both protocols were applied 120 minutes prior to an exercise resistance session (75% 1RM). Nonlinear dynamics of HRV (Symbolic analysis, SampEn, DFA and HR fragmentation) were studied before, during exercise and during recovery from strength exercise. Results: Beetroot extract protocol intensified the recovery of the symbolic analysis of HRV via index 0V% (zero opposite variations) and 2UV% (two unlike variations); accelerating the recovery of fractal analysis (DFA); nevertheless, it was unable to trigger changes during recovery in SampEn and HR fragmentation. Conclusion: Ingestion of beetroot extract prior to resistance exercise improves nonlinear HRV dynamical autonomic recovery following physical effort

A systematic review to investigate whether birth weight affects the autonomic nervous system in adulthood

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between birth weight and the autonomic nervous system in adulthood through a systematic review. Data source: This is a systematic review of publications without limitation of year and language. We included studies involving the autonomic nervous system and birth weight in adults. Manuscripts were selected based on electronic searches of Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science Cochrane Library and Scopus databases, using “Autonomic Nervous System” OR “Heart Rate” OR “Heart Rate Variability” AND “Birth Weight” as a search strategy. This review is registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews — PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020165622). Data synthesis: We found 894 articles; 215 were excluded for duplicity. Of the remaining 679 studies, 11 remained. Two were excluded because they did not specifically treat the autonomic nervous system or birth weight. There were nine publications, two cohort and seven cross-sectional studies. The main findings were that extreme, very low, low or high birth weight may have some impact on the autonomic nervous system in adult life. Conclusions: Birth weight outside the normality rate may have a negative influence on the autonomic nervous system, causing autonomic dysfunction and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in adult life. Thus, the importance of the follow-up of health professionals from pregnancy to gestation and throughout life, with preventive care being emphasized. = Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o peso ao nascer e o sistema nervoso autônomo na vida adulta por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Fontes de dados: Esta é uma revisão sistemática de publicações, sem limitação de ano e idioma. Incluímos estudos envolvendo o sistema nervoso autônomo e peso ao nascer em adultos. Os manuscritos foram selecionados das bases de dados eletrônicos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science Cochrane Library e Scopus, utilizando “Autonomic Nervous System” OR “Heart Rate” OR “Heart Rate Variability” AND “Birth Weight” como estratégia de busca. Esta revisão está registrada pelo International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews — PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020165622). Síntese dos dados: Nós encontramos 894 artigos. Deles, 215 foram excluídos por duplicidade. Entre os 679 remanescentes, 11 permaneceram, dos quais dois foram excluídos por não tratarem especificamente do sistema nervoso autônomo ou do peso ao nascer. Restaram nove publicações, sendo duas longitudinais e sete transversais. Os principais achados foram que o peso extremo baixo, muito baixo, baixo ou alto ao nascer pode ter algum impacto no sistema nervoso autônomo na vida adulta. Conclusões: O peso ao nascer fora da normalidade pode influenciar negativamente o sistema nervoso autônomo, causando disfunção autonômica e aumentando o risco de doenças cardiovasculares na vida adulta. Assim, ressalta-se a importância do acompanhamento dos profissionais de saúde desde a gravidez até a gestação, pré-natal e ao longo da vida, com cuidados preventivos para esta situação

Os efeitos da ingestão aguda de cerveja na recuperação da variabilidade não linear da frequência cardíaca após o exercício: um teste randomizado, crossover e controlado

Objective: We estimated the acute effects of acute beer consumption on non-linear HR Variability (HRV) behavior after submaximal aerobic exercise. Equipment and methods: This is a transversal, crossover, randomized and controlled trial. Fifteen healthy female and 17 healthy male adults were included in the final sample. Subjects performed two protocols on two randomized days: Water (300 mL) and Beer (300ml). The subjects underwent 15 minutes seated at rest, followed by aerobic exercise on a treadmill (five minutes at 50-55% of maximum HR and 25 minutes 60-65% of maximum HR) and then remained seated for 60 minutes during recovery from the exercise. Water or beer was consumed between four and ten minutes after exercise cessation. Results: The symbolic analysis (0V% and 2LV%), the fractal analysis by Detrended Fluctuation Analysis and the Sample Entropy demonstrated a late recovery in males in the beer protocol. In the women's group, the results were contradictory among the HR fragmentation analysis indexes. Beer consumption by males after a submaximal aerobic test was able to delay recovery of non-linear HRV behavior.Objetivo: Estimamos os efeitos agudos do consumo agudo de cerveja no comportamento não linear da variabilidade da FC (VFC) após o exercício aeróbio submáximo. Equipamentos e métodos: Trata-se de um ensaio transversal, cruzado, randomizado e controlado. Quinze mulheres saudáveis ​​e 17 adultos saudáveis ​​do sexo masculino foram incluídos na amostra final. Os sujeitos realizaram dois protocolos em dois dias randomizados: Água (300 mL) e Cerveja (300 mL). Os sujeitos foram submetidos a 15 minutos sentados em repouso, seguidos de exercício aeróbio em esteira (cinco minutos a 50-55% da FC máxima e 25 minutos 60-65% da FC máxima) e, a seguir, permaneceram sentados por 60 minutos durante a recuperação do exercício. Água ou cerveja foi consumida entre quatro e dez minutos após a cessação do exercício. Resultados: A análise simbólica (0V% e 2LV%), a análise fractal por Detrended Fluctuation Analysis e a Sample Entropy demonstraram uma recuperação tardia nos machos no protocolo de cerveja. No grupo de mulheres, os resultados foram contraditórios entre os índices de análise de fragmentação de RH. O consumo de cerveja por homens após um teste aeróbio submáximo foi capaz de retardar a recuperação do comportamento não linear da VFC

Red beetroot extract accelerates recovery of nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability following exercise : a randomized trial

Introduction: Studying the behavior on nonlinear HRV indexes in situations mediated by exercise may reveal other ways to analyze HRV recovery after stress situations. To investigate the acute effects of beet extract on autonomic recovery following an acute resistance exercise session. Methods: This is a randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. We assessed 12 healthy male adults who participated in two protocols in randomized days: Beetroot extract (600mg in capsule) and Placebo (600mg in capsule). Both protocols were applied 120 minutes prior to an exercise resistance session (75% 1RM). Nonlinear dynamics of HRV (Symbolic analysis, SampEn, DFA and HR fragmentation) were studied before, during exercise and during recovery from strength exercise. Results: Beetroot extract protocol intensified the recovery of the symbolic analysis of HRV via index 0V% (zero opposite variations) and 2UV% (two unlike variations); accelerating the recovery of fractal analysis (DFA); nevertheless, it was unable to trigger changes during recovery in SampEn and HR fragmentation. Conclusion: Ingestion of beetroot extract prior to resistance exercise improves nonlinear HRV dynamical autonomic recovery following physical effort

Nitrate derived from beetroot juice lowers blood pressure in patients with arterial hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Although there are a considerable number of clinical studies on nitrate (NO3) rich beetroot juice (BRJ) and hypertension, it is difficult to indicate the real effects of NO3 from BRJ on the BP of hypertensive patients because there are still no estimates of the effects of NO3 derived from BRJ on the BP of hypertension patients. Objective: To clarify these effects, we developed a systematic literature review with a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Design: The searches were accomplished through EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and LILACS databases. The study included single or double-blinded RCTs and participants older than 18 years with hypertension [systolic BP (SBP) > 130 mmHg and diastolic BP (DBP) > 80 mmHg]. NO3 BRJ was required to be consumed in a format that possibly blinded participants/researchers. These studies should also report the SBP and DBP values (mmHg) measured before and after the treatment. Risk of Bias tools and GRADE were enforced. Results: Seven studies were included (218 participants). BRJ intervention time ranged from 3 to 60 days with daily dosages of 70–250 mL of BRJ. After the intervention with NO3 from BRJ, SBP underwent significant changes (p < 0.001) of −4.95 (95% CI: −8.88; −1.01) (GRADE: ⊕⊕⊕○ Moderate), but not for DBP (p = 0.06) −0.90 mmHg (95% CI: −3.16; 1.36) (GRADE: ⊕⊕⊕○ Moderate), compared to the control group. Conclusions: The NO3 derived from BRJ reduces SBP, but not DBP in patients with arterial hypertension

Does energy drink intake before exercise affect nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability recovery? : a randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial

Introduction and Objectives: Energy drinks (ED) are recognized to influence the behavior of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. We intended to study the influence of ED on non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) following exercise. Material and Methods: This randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Protocol number NCT02917889) was completed in a sample of 28 healthy males aged 24.11 ± 3.05 years (min-max 18-29). The first step involved the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). In the second protocol, the subjects received a placebo (250ml of water) or ED (250ml of energy drink) 15 minutes before the 30-minute exercise on a treadmill. In the third protocol, participants received the alternative protocol to the previous step. The nonlinear HRV were calculated at different times during the protocols. Results: Fractal analysis via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revealed that in the placebo protocol there was an increase in its values compared to recovery (Rec1) vs. Rest (Cohen's d= 1.42) and continued increasing in the last recording intervals: vs. Rec6 (Cohen's d= 0.70) and vs. Rec7 (Cohen's d= 0.85). In the ED protocol, the increase in DFA was only demonstrated when comparing Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1.78). Conclusion: ED intake prior to modest aerobic exercise triggered a slight acceleration of recovery

Does energy drink intake before exercise affect nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability recovery? a randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial

Introduction and Objectives: Energy drinks (ED) are recognized to influence the behavior of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. We intended to study the influence of ED on non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) following exercise. Material and Methods: This randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Protocol number NCT02917889) was completed in a sample of 28 healthy males aged 24.11 ± 3.05 years (min-max 18-29). The first step involved the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). In the second protocol, the subjects received a placebo (250ml of water) or ED (250ml of energy drink) 15 minutes before the 30-minute exercise on a treadmill. In the third protocol, participants received the alternative protocol to the previous step. The nonlinear HRV were calculated at different times during the protocols. Results: Fractal analysis via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revealed that in the placebo protocol there was an increase in its values compared to recovery (Rec1) vs. Rest (Cohen's d= 1.42) and continued increasing in the last recording intervals: vs. Rec6 (Cohen's d= 0.70) and vs. Rec7 (Cohen's d= 0.85). In the ED protocol, the increase in DFA was only demonstrated when comparing Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1.78). Conclusion: ED intake prior to modest aerobic exercise triggered a slight acceleration of recovery

Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) intake before submaximal aerobic exercise is safe for cardiovascular and autonomic systems in healthy males: A randomized trial

Background: There are still no studies of the cardiovascular safety of the isolated use of Citrus aurantium in aerobic submaximal exercise. Objective: To evaluate the effect of C. aurantium supplementation on the recovery of cardiorespiratory and autonomic parameters following a session of submaximal aerobic exercise. Methods: Twelve healthy male adults achieved a crossover, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. C. aurantium (600 mg, p-synephrine at 30% amount [180 mg]) or placebo (600 mg of starch) were ingested 90 min before evaluation in randomized days. We evaluated systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and, HR variability indexes at Rest and during 60 min of recovery from exercise. Results: Citrus aurantium ingestion accelerated the reduction in SBP after exercise, anticipated the return of vagal modulation of the heart after exercise via the HF (ms2), pNN50 (%), and 2 UV% indices. Moreover, rushed the output of sympathetic modulation after exercise via the 0V% index. No unfavorable cardiovascular effects were achieved for HR, DBP, PP, and MAP parameters. Conclusions: Citrus aurantium was shown to be safe for the cardiovascular and autonomic systems alongside submaximal aerobic exercise in healthy males