THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVING THE PRODUCTION OF FLOWERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

Flower production is highly intense production, which does not require large areas, but requires knowledge and organization of the overall production and sales. In recent years there has been growing interest of individuals, in the context of their family households, on small estates, organize the production of flowers. Production is mainly concentrated around the major cities and it deals with around 2,115 farms on a total area of 382, 24 hectares. In terms of production structure dominates production of seedlings of seasonal flowers, and the manufacture of some types of suitable for cut flower (rose, chrysantemum, lilies, gladiolus, kala). The volume of annual production of 2500 t does not meet the needs of the domestic market. For these reasons, the import of flowers is several times higher than exports. Starting from the fact that the Republic of Serbia not only hassignificant land resources, but also scientific institutions in the field of agriculture which have made are significant scientific results, improvement of the total production of flowers, can significantly reduce imports but at the same time significantly increase the export of flowers to other countries

Understanding methylamphetamine drug markets in an Australian context

University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Science.Decisions by law enforcement agencies regarding crime disruption, prevention and reduction rely on significant volumes of information from various sources. There is a desire to use this information for generating intelligence to support proactive policing rather than reactively responding to crime. Utilising an existing proof of concept, this research explored the application of chemometric techniques to chemical profiles of state-level methylamphetamine seizures, acquired from the Australian Federal Police through the Enhanced National Intelligence Picture on Illicit Drugs capability. The main aim was to create and deliver a methodology that would expand the use of illicit drug profiling for strategic and operational intelligence purposes, to be more effective in the fight against illicit drug trafficking. The use of comparison metrics and clustering analysis to determine links between illicit drug specimens was evaluated and automated. The scores resulting from comparison metrics were evaluated through two established approaches, i.e. deterministic and Bayesian approaches. Results showed that using the two approaches in combination provided more information about linkages than when either approach was used independently. Relational, temporal, spatial and quantitative analyses were subsequently used to gain an insight into illicit drug markets. Relational analysis identified clusters of seizures central to the network. Temporal analysis then provided insights into the behaviour of distribution markets, specifically the emergence and extinction of certain groups of seizures over time. Finally, spatial analysis aided the understanding of the inter-jurisdictional nature of illicit drug markets. These analyses allowed for the generation of strategic intelligence relating to when and where the Australian illicit drug market was the most active. Additionally, the strategic level trends identified clusters of seizures which were worth investigating further. These clusters were explored through a case study to provide drug market knowledge at an operational level. The presentation forensic case data, for intelligence or court purposes, typically involve the preparation of static reports. The final aim of this project was the creation of a visualisation tool, which was created to enhance the way processed data was conveyed. This tool was produced in the form of a web application and was used to aid the exploration of drug markets. It provided an automated way of analysing the forensic case data and producing relevant visualisations in an interactive and timely manner

Investigating the by-stander effect of Hypericin induced photodynamic therapy on human skin cells

Includes bibliographical references.Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, and its incidence rate in South Africa is increasing. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be an effective treatment modality, through topical administration, for treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers. Our group investigates hypericin-induced PDT (HYP-PDT) for the treatment of both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers. However, a prerequisite for effective cancer treatments is efficient and selective targeting of the tumoral cells with minimal collateral damage to the surrounding normal cells, as it is well know that cancer therapies have bystander effects on normal cells in the body, often causing undesirable side effects. PDT can induce a bystander effect, defined as indirect damaged induced into adjacent cells either via intercellular gap junctions or via diffusible ROS released in the microenvironment. It is therefore important to know the effects of HYP-PDT on the normal cell population surrounding the non-melanoma skin cancer or melanoma tumor. The aim of this project was to investigate the cellular and molecular effects of HYP-PDT on normal primary human keratinocytes (Kc), melanocytes (Mc) and fibroblasts (Fb) in an in vitro tissue culture model thus representing both the epidermal and dermal cellular compartments of human skin

Wie nützlich sind Translation-Memory-Systeme bei der Übersetzung von Fachtexten?

Die Grundlage der vorliegenden Masterarbeit bildet die Forschungsfrage „Wie nützlich sind Translation-Memory-Systeme bei der Übersetzung von Fachtexten?“. Bevor im prak-tischen Teil versucht wird, eine Antwort darauf zu finden, wird zunächst der Begriff Qua-lität als Zeichen der Professionalität von Expertinnen und Experten, wie Fachübersetze-rinnen und Fachübersetzer es sind, beleuchtet. Dabei wird neben den Möglichkeiten zur Qualitätssicherung und –steigerung im Allgemeinen auch auf die Sicherung der Qualität in der Übersetzungsbranche und bei der Übersetzung technischer Dokumentationen einge-gangen. Da Terminologiearbeit einen grundlegenden Baustein beim Fachübersetzen dar-stellt, wird auch dieser Punkt unter Berücksichtigung der Rolle von Terminologiemana-gementsystemen genauer ausgeführt. In einem weiteren Kapitel werden vorbereitend zum praktischen Teil dieser Arbeit verschiedene Aspekte von Translation-Memory-Programmen, darunter auch deren Bedeutung, Nutzen sowie Probleme, diskutiert. Mithilfe eines praktischen von der Verfasserin durchgeführten Experiments wird schließlich anhand des Einsatzes zweier Translation-Memory-Systeme bei der Übersetzung von Texten aus verschiedenen Fachbereichen und unterschiedlichen Umfangs der Nutzen dieser Tools im Bezug auf die Faktoren Zeit, Qualität und Ökonomie analysiert und die Ergebnisse einschließlich der zukünftigen Trends dieser Anwendungen in einem abschließenden Fazit präsentiert.The present Master’s thesis is based on the research topic “How useful are translation memory systems in the translation of technical texts?”. Before trying to find an answer to this question in the practical part of this paper, first the term quality, signifying the profes-sionalism of experts such as technical translators, is elaborated. That chapter includes measures for quality assurance and improvement in general as well as for the translating industry and in the translation of technical documentations. Since terminology work is an essential component of technical translating, its importance is stressed out in an own chap-ter, also highlighting the role of terminology management systems. Finishing the theoreti-cal and introducing the practical part of the present thesis, different aspects of translation memory programmes, including their role, advantages and problems, are discussed. Finally, the benefit of translation memory tools concerning the factors time, quality and economic efficiency is analysed based on a practical experiment conducted by the author of this paper using two translation memory systems for translating documents from diverse professional fields and with different scopes. The results as well as the future trends of translation memory software are presented in a final conclusion

Specifics of marketing in overcoming discrepancies on the market of agricultural products

In this paper, authors examine the role of marketing in overcoming the discrepancies between supply and demand, with a special emphasis on agricultural markets. Discrepancies arise as a result of specialization in production and mass production, whereby individual companies tend to make the best use of existing resources and produce large amounts of a narrow assortment, because in this way they achieve the best business results using economy of scale. Consumers, on the other hand, have diverse needs, preferences and aspirations and often demand non-standardized, customized and specific products. The result is a conflict of relatively narrow supply of individual companies and the diverse needs for products and services manifested by consumers. One of the fundamental roles of marketing is to efficiently connect supply and demand and eliminate the existing discrepancies, which is achieved by use of effective marketing channels. Specifics of agricultural products to a certain extent make harmonization of supply and demand even more difficult, taking into account the existence of a large number of small producers on the supply side, the limited seasonality of agricultural products, specific requirements related to storage, and dispersion of demand, which hinders the realization of all marketing activities in overcoming discrepancies. Taking into account previous specifics, there is a need of specialization of intermediaries who act in marketing channels, in order to efficiently eliminate discrepancies between supply and demand in the market of agricultural products.U ovom radu autori ispituju ulogu marketinga u prevazilaženju nesklada između ponude i tražnje, sa posebnim akcentom na tržišta poljoprivrednih proizvoda. Neskladi nastaju kao posledica različite ciljne usmerenosti proizvođača i potrošača. Nosioci ponude teže da na najbolji način angažuju postojeće resurse i proizvedu što veće količine proizvoda uskog asortimana, kroz specijalizaciju i masovnu proizvodnju, jer tako ostvaruju najbolje poslovne efekte koji proističu iz pristupa koji podrazumeva ekonomiju obima. Potrošači, sa druge strane, imaju raznolike potrebe, preferencije i težnje i često zahtevaju nestandardizovane, prilagođene, specifične proizvode. Tako dolazi do sukoba relativno limitirane ponude pojedinačnih kompanija i raznovrsnih potreba za proizvodima i uslugama koje ispoljavaju potrošači. Jedna od osnovnih uloga marketinga u ovom smislu je da efikasno spoji ponudu i tražnju i otkloni postojeće nesklade, što se prvenstveno realizuje korišćenjem efikasnih kanala marketinga. Specifičnosti tržišta poljoprivrednih proizvoda u određenoj meri dodatno otežavaju sprovođenje marketing aktivnosti usmerenih na usaglašavanje ponude i tražnje, imajući u vidu postojanje velikog broja sitnih proizvođača na strani ponude, sezonalnost dospevanja poljoprivrednih proizvoda, posebne zahteve u skladištenju, ali i razuđenost tražnje. Uz uvažavanje navedenih specifičnosti, nameće se potreba specijalizacije učesnika koji deluju u kanalima marketinga, kako bi se efikasno eliminisali neskladi između ponude i tražnje na tržištu poljoprivrednih proizvoda

The Enzyme Immobilization: Carriers and immobilization methods

Strategies based on the enzyme application are increasingly replacing the conventional chemical procedures because of their efficiency, quicker performance and environmental protection. However, natural enzymes can rarely be used in industry since their beneficial features can not endure the industrial conditions. Additional drawbacks of natural enzymes are their inhibition by reaction products and difficulty to be removed from the reaction mixture. The most promising technique to substantially improve the enzyme properties, such as activity, pH, thermal and organic-solvent stability, reusability and storage stability, in non-natural environments is by the enzyme immobilization. In this review we summarized different techniques used to immobilize enzymes to inert carriers. A wide variety of materials of both the organic and inorganic origin was used as carriers for the enzyme immobilization. We also summarized a class of new materials where the enzyme performance was enhanced by combining different classical materials and shaping in specific forms

Procena trofičkog statusa akumulacije očaga (Lazarevac, Srbija) posredstvom Carlsonovog indeksa

Trofički status se može definisati kao ukupna težina živog biološkog materijala (biomase) u nekom vodenom telu na određenom lokalitetu i u određeno vreme. Trofički status nekog vodenog tela može se proceniti na osnovu merenja specifičnih parametara i predstavlja biološki odgovor na spoljašnje faktore, kao što su količina nutrijenata, sezonske promene, ispaša, mešanje vode itd. Procena trofičkog statusa jezera ili akumulacije je od velikog značaja. Postoje različiti kriterijumi za procenu trofičkog stanja jezera, kao što su: koncentracija nutrijenata, produktivnost, kvantitativni i kvalitativni sastav flore i faune, dostupnost kiseonika i morfometrija jezera. Međutim, imajući u vidu da je multiparametarski indeks nepraktičan, Carlson je predložio indekse trofičkog stanja (TSIs) koji su znatno jednostavniji za upotrebu od multiparametarskog indeksa. Ovi indeksi kao bazu za klasifikaciju trofičkih stanja koriste algalnu biomasu. U tom smislu koriste se tri parametra za izračunavanje ovih indeksa: koncentracija hlorofila a, ukupni fosfor i providnost izmerena Secchi diskom. Svaka od ove tri promenljive se može koristiti za klasifikaciju statusa vodenog tela, ali je hlorofila a najznačajniji parametar s obzirom da je direktni pokazatelj algalne biomase. Opseg Carlson-ovog trofičnog indeksa obuhvata vrednosti od 0 do 100. Vrednosti ispod 40 odgovaraju oligotrofnim, od 40 do 50 mezotrofnim, od 50 do 70 eutrofnim, a preko 70 hipereutrofnim jezerima i akumulacijama. Glavna prednost ovog indeksa je što odnos između tri parametra može ukazati na određene uslove koji vladaju u datom jezeru ili akumulaciji, a tiču se faktora koji limitiraju algalnu biomasu ili utiču na izmerene parametre. Iako određivanje trofičkog statusa vode nekog vodenog tela ne treba poistovećivati sa samim kvalitetom vode, ono, svakako, predstavlja značajan aspekt istog. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je određivanje trofičkog statusa jezera Očaga na osnovu Carlson-ovog trofičnog indeksa i ispitivanje veze između izračunatih indeksa za hlorofil a (TSI(CHL)), ukupni fosfor (TSI(TP)) i providnost merenu Secchi diskom (TSI(SD)). Veštačko jezero Očaga nalazi se u blizini Lazarevca i isključivo se koristi za rekreaciju. Ispitivanje vode rađeno je jednom nedeljno tokom jula i avgusta, od 2012. do 2014. godine. Sve analize urađene su u Zavodu za javno zdravlje iz Beograda. Vrednosti dobijenih indeksa (TSIs) varirale su od 41 do 86.25, u ispitanom periodu, a jezero je menjalo status od mezotrofnog, preko eutrofnog do hipereutrofnog, pri čemu su eutrofni uslovi preovladavali. Hipereutrofija je zabeležena tokom avgusta 2013. Godine, kada su bile izmerene i najveće vrednosti sva tri parametra, što je, verovatno, rezultat organskog opterećenja vodenog ekosistema i vremenskih uslova. Prema podacima RHMZ-a, 2013. godina je bila jedna od najtoplijih i najsušnijih godina još od 1951. godine. Nasuprot tome, u avgustu 2014. godine izmerene su najmanje vrednosti svih parametara, što ukazuje na mezotrofne uslove u jezeru te godine. Mezotrofni status jezera je, verovatno, posledica velike količine padavina u prvoj polovini te godine, ali i pražnjenja i ponovnog punjenja jezera nakon majskih poplava

Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Perk Toxicity Pathways.

In Drosophila, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (dPerk). dPerk can also be activated by defective mitochondria in fly models of Parkinson's disease caused by mutations in pink1 or parkin. The Perk branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) has emerged as a major toxic process in neurodegenerative disorders causing a chronic reduction in vital proteins and neuronal death. In this study, we combined microarray analysis and quantitative proteomics analysis in adult flies overexpressing dPerk to investigate the relationship between the transcriptional and translational response to dPerk activation. We identified tribbles and Heat shock protein 22 as two novel Drosophila activating transcription factor 4 (dAtf4) regulated transcripts. Using a combined bioinformatics tool kit, we demonstrated that the activation of dPerk leads to translational repression of mitochondrial proteins associated with glutathione and nucleotide metabolism, calcium signalling and iron-sulphur cluster biosynthesis. Further efforts to enhance these translationally repressed dPerk targets might offer protection against Perk toxicity

Analiza kvaliteta vode reke Jablanice na osnovu zajednice vodenih makroinvertebrata

Cilj rada je da se prikažu rezultati ocene kvaliteta vode reke Jablanice (sliv Kolubare) zasnovane na prisutnoj zajednici vodenih makroinvertebrata. Jablanica je relativno kratka (25 km) desna sastavnica, koja u blizini Valjeva sa Obnicom (leva sastavnica) formira Kolubaru. Kolubara, kao poslednja veća pritoka Save, protiče kroz područje sa izraženim i različitim antropogenim uticajima. Sama Jablanica nastaje spajanjem većeg broja potoka sa obronaka planina Jablanik i Medvednik. U skladu sa zahtevima EU prilikom ocene stanja rečnih sistema neophodno je utvrđivanje referentnih uslova. Da bi se utvrdilo recentno stanje, i usaglašenost sa zahtevima za dostizanje referentnog statusa, izvršeno je ispitivanje ove reke u aprilu 2013. godine na tri lokaliteta gornjeg toka. Kao parametri za ocenu kvaliteta vode, korišćeni su sledeći pokazatelji: ukupan broj taksona, saprobni indeks (SI; Zelinka & Marvan), BMWP i ASPT skorovi, broj taksona grupa Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) i indeks diverziteta (SWI; Shannon-Wiener’s indeks). Zabeležena su ukupno 72 taksona makroinvertebrata. Kao najraznovrsnije grupe izdvajaju se Trichoptera (16 taksona) i Ephemeroptera (15 taksona). U odnosu na saprobnu vrednost, utvrđeno je da je većina prisutnih taksona osetljiva na organsko zagađenje (ksenosaprobni i oligosaprobni organizmi). Dobijene vrednosti praktično svih korišćenih pokazatelja kvaliteta vode, upućuju na veoma dobar status (klasa I), čime su ispunjeni uslovi da se ispitivani deo toka Jablanice može smatrati referentnim stanjem, za potrebe istraživanja sliva Kolubare. Puštanje u rad akumulacije u Rovnima (srednji tok Jablanice) može izmeniti zatečeno stanje, zbog čega je neophodan redovni monitoring