Analiza kvaliteta vode reke Mlave na osnovu vodenih makroinvertebrata

Cilj rada je da se predstave rezultati ispitivanja kvaliteta vode reke Mlave, zasnovani na prisutnoj zajednici vodenih makroinvertebrata. Mlava, sa dužinom toka od 78 km i površinom sliva od 1885 km², jedna je od značajnijih pritoka Dunava u Srbiji. Kao najvažniji izvori komunalnog i industrijskog zagađenja mogu se izdvojiti gradovi Požarevac (70000 stanovnika; u donjem toku) i Petrovac na Mlavi (8000 stanovnika; srednji tok), kao i Žagubica (2600 stanovnika; gornji tok). Slivno područje, naročito u srednjem delu toka, je i pod uticajem spiranja sa poljoprivrednih površina, kao i komunalnih otpadnih voda iz brojnih manjih naselja. Negativni efekti, ovih antropogenih uticaja mogu biti još izraženiji, zbog specifične hidrologije, odnosno preovlađivanja stanja niskih voda u slivu ove reke. Uzorkovanje je izvršeno u julu 2013. godine. Kao parametri za ocenu kvaliteta vode, korišćeni su sledeći pokazatelji: Saprobni indeks (SI; Zelinka & Marvan), BMWP i ASPT skorovi, broj taksona grupa Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) i indeks diverziteta (SWI; Shannon-Wiener’s indeks). Ukupno 72 taksona makroinvertebrata su identifikovana. Insekti su bili najraznovrsnija komponenta, a u okviru njih najbrojnije su bile grupe Ephemeroptera (13 taksona) i Trichoptera (11 taksona). Najveća raznovrsnost zabeležena je na lokalitetu Leskovac (33 taksona). Većina taksona je tolerantna na određeni stepen organskog zagađenja (β –mezosaprobni i α–mezosaprobni organizmi), naročito u donjem delu toka (Rašanac i Požarevac). Vrednosti SI na svim lokalitetima upućuju na veoma dobar i dobar kvalitet vode (klase I i II). Vrednosti BMWP i ASPT ukazuju na veoma dobar kvalitet vode samo na lokalitetima u srednjem i donjem delu toka (Leskovac i Požarevac), dok je u gornjem delu toka, kvalitet vode, ili loš (BMWP), ili umeren do dobar (ASPT). I preostali pokazatelj (EPT), takođe, ukazuje na bolji kvalitet vode u donjem delu toka. Na osnovu svih korišćenih pokazatelja, kvalitet vode reke Mlave u julu 2013. godine se može oceniti kao dobar (klasa II)

Pregled lekovitih biljnih taksona razdela Magnoliophyta na lokalitetu Košutnjak

This work provides a description off collected herbal types that according to their taxonomy belong to the Magnoliophyta division on the locality of Košutnjak (Belgrade). It is determined a significant diverse flora of medicinal herbs. A biological material is collected in a herbarium and it is determined by the keys for plant identification. A treatment effect of medicinal herbs is based on pharmacological active components that mostly belong to a group of secondary metabolites.U ovom radu, dat je prikaz sakupljenih biljnih vrsta, koje taksonomski pripadaju razdelu Magnoliophyta, na lokalitetu Košutnjak (Beograd). Primećen je značajan diverzitet flore lekovitih biljaka. Biološki materijal je herbarizovan i determinisan pomoću ključeva za determinaciju biljaka. Terapijsko dejstvo lekovitog bilja, zasniva se na farmakološki aktivnim sastojcima, koji uglavnom pripadaju grupi sekundarnih metabolita

Brojnost i značaj aktinomiceta u zemljištu u fazi fiziološke zrelosti zrna kukuruza (Zea mays L.)

In this work, it is determined the number of actinomycetes, a very diverse order of microorganisms, which take part in the transformation of the soil organic matter depending on the soil type, the quantity of applied N and the way of the soil treating. The stage of physiological corn kernel maturity shows the higher number of actinomycetes in "cernozem" under the sown maize as well as a stimulating effect of nitrogen.U ovom radu, određena je brojnost aktinomiceta, veoma raznovrsne grupe mikroorganizama, koja učestvuje u transformaciji zemljišne organske materije, u zavisnosti od tipa zemljišta, količine primenjenog azotnog (N) đubriva i načina obrade zemljišta. U fazi fiziološke zrelosti zrna kukuruza, utvrđena je veća brojnost aktinomiceta u černozemu, pod usevom kukuruza, kao i stimulativni efekat azota

Trifolium pratense L. as a Potential Natural Antioxidant

The essential oils of three different growth stages of Trifolium pratense L. (TP1, TP2 and TP3) were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The highest content of volatile compounds was found in the essential oil sample TP1, where terpenes such as beta-myrcene (4.55%), p-cymene (3.59%), limonene (0.86%), tetrahydroionone (1.56%) were highlighted due to their biological activity. The antioxidant activity was determined by following the scavenging capacity of the essential oils for the free radicals DPPH center dot, NO center dot and O-2(center dot-), as well as effects of the investigated oils on lipid peroxidation (LP). In all three cases, the sample TP1 showed the best radical-capturing capacity for DPPH center dot (27.61 +/- 0.12 mu g/mL), NO center dot (16.03 +/- 0.11 mu g/mL), O-2(center dot-) (16.62 +/- 0.29 mu g/mL) and also had the best lipid peroxidation effects in the Fe2+/ascorbate induction system (9.35 +/- 0.11 mu g/mL). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the following bacteria cultures: Escherichia coli (ATCC10526), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 11632) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876). None of the examined essential oil samples showed inhibitory effects on the tested bacterial strains

Penicillamine prevents damaging redox in vitro interactions of bilirubin and copper

Toxic effects of unconjugated bilirubin (BR) in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia have been related to redox and/or coordinate interactions with Cu2+. However, the development and mechanisms of such interactions at physiological pH have not been resolved. This study shows that BR reduces Cu2+ to Cu1+ in 1:1 stoichiometry. Apparently, BR undergoes degradation, i.e. BR and Cu2+ do not form stable complexes. The binding of Cu2+ to inorganic phosphates, liposomal phosphate groups, or to chelating drug penicillamine, impedes redox interactions with BR. Cu1+ undergoes spontaneous oxidation by O2 resulting in hydrogen peroxide accumulation and hydroxyl radical production. In relation to this, copper and BR induced synergistic oxidative/damaging effects on erythrocytes membrane, which were alleviated by penicillamine. The production of reactive oxygen species by BR and copper represents a plausible cause of BR toxic effects and cell damage in hyperbilirubinemia. Further examination of therapeutic potentials of copper chelators in the treatment of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is needed

Status and Trends of Physical Activity Surveillance, Policy, and Research in 164 Countries: Findings From the Global Observatory for Physical Activity—GoPA! 2015 and 2020 Surveys

Background: Physical activity (PA) surveillance, policy, and research efforts need to be periodically appraised to gain insight into national and global capacities for PA promotion. The aim of this paper was to assess the status and trends in PA surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries. Methods: We used data from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) 2015 and 2020 surveys. Comprehensive searches were performed for each country to determine the level of development of their PA surveillance, policy, and research, and the findings were verified by the GoPA! Country Contacts. Trends were analyzed based on the data available for both survey years. Results: The global 5-year progress in all 3 indicators was modest, with most countries either improving or staying at the same level. PA surveillance, policy, and research improved or remained at a high level in 48.1%, 40.6%, and 42.1% of the countries, respectively. PA surveillance, policy, and research scores decreased or remained at a low level in 8.3%, 15.8%, and 28.6% of the countries, respectively. The highest capacity for PA promotion was found in Europe, the lowest in Africa and low- and lower-middle-income countries. Although a large percentage of the world’s population benefit from at least some PA policy, surveillance, and research efforts in their countries, 49.6 million people are without PA surveillance, 629.4 million people are without PA policy, and 108.7 million live in countries without any PA research output. A total of 6.3 billion people or 88.2% of the world’s population live in countries where PA promotion capacity should be significantly improved. Conclusion: Despite PA is essential for health, there are large inequalities between countries and world regions in their capacity to promote PA. Coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the inequalities and improve the global capacity for PA promotion