Development of professional-pedagogical focus of a teacher in vocational training

Nowadays, the requirements of the state and society for the training of a vocational education teacher have undergone significant changes and have indicated the need for highly educated competent specialists. The purpose of the article is to conduct a study to identify the development of professional-pedagogical focus of the teacher of vocational training in a pedagogical university. The essence of the professional-pedagogical focus in close interconnection with the professional competence of future graduates is revealed in the work. The analysis of scientific literature made it possible to identify the components of the studied trend: motivational, value, cognitive, reflective. The development of each component was considered in the process of preparing a teacher for vocational training at a pedagogical university. Students apply the obtained theoretical knowledge during the projects development, participation in games, discussions and solving case assignments. The project method is used as the most commonly used method in the professional focus development. To contribute to it students carry out a project in the course "Pedagogical technologies." The features of preparing students in these conditions are highlighted. The analysis showed that the methods used for the focus development help to achieve success in  interest creation as well as professional competence, further improvement of this process will achieve better results in preparation of a teacher of vocational training

Portfolio as an educational technology in the educational process of a university

The current stage in the development of  society and science as well as technological progress pose new challenges for higher education institutions. Modern requirements concerning highly efficient specialists training have indicated the need to use innovative technologies in the competent graduate formation. The purpose of the article is to review the experience of implementing portfolio as an educational technology in the higher school educational environment. The article reveals the capabilities of the portfolio, its types and functions. The main ideas of portfolio technology in vocational education are identified. The research was based on the study of the motivational, epistemological, activity components formation before the portfolio technology introduction and after its implementation. The results obtained allow us to talk about the importance and effectiveness of the portfolio in the formation of a highly educated and competitive specialist. The data of the study can be used in the preparation of higher educational institutions students

Самостоятельная работа студентов в профессиональных учебных заведениях

The reform of education in Russia has led to emergence of new learning pattern. Today, among numerous changes that have occurred in competence-based approach context, we note tendencies towards changes in teacher’s role in a student’s life, reduction in classroom hours and increase in the share of students’ independent work. In order to preserve and increase effectiveness of student learning, educational institutions should aim at finding new ways to use classroom hours to organize students' independent work. Insufficient knowledge of this topic actualizes the process of its further development. The purpose of our research was to verify the structure of independent work developed by the authors at a technical school in order to increase student training level. For this, the authors conducted an experiment in which two groups of second-year students of 25 people each took part. The results of the differentiated classification of two groups in the course "Engineering Graphics" were compared. The first group of students studied according to the structure available in the college, the second - with the help of the pattern developed by the authors. As a result, it was found that the second group has a higher level of training. The results of the experiment allowed us to conclude that the structure of independent work developed by the authors is very effective and its implementation will allow achieving positive results in students' competences development and in future graduates training.La reforma de la educación en Rusia ha llevado a la aparición de un nuevo patrón de aprendizaje. Hoy, entre los numerosos cambios que se han producido en el contexto del enfoque basado en la competencia, observamos tendencias hacia cambios en el papel del maestro en la vida de un estudiante, reducción en las horas de clase y aumento en la parte del trabajo independiente de los estudiantes. Para preservar y aumentar la efectividad del aprendizaje de los estudiantes, las instituciones educativas deben apuntar a encontrar nuevas formas de usar las horas de clase para organizar el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes. El conocimiento insuficiente de este tema actualiza el proceso de su desarrollo posterior. El propósito de nuestra investigación fue verificar la estructura del trabajo independiente desarrollado por los autores en una escuela técnica para aumentar el nivel de capacitación de los estudiantes. Para ello, los autores realizaron un experimento en el que participaron dos grupos de estudiantes de segundo año de 25 personas cada uno. Se compararon los resultados de la clasificación diferenciada de dos grupos en el curso "Gráficos de ingeniería". El primer grupo de estudiantes estudió de acuerdo con la estructura disponible en la universidad, el segundo, con la ayuda del patrón desarrollado por los autores. Como resultado, se encontró que el segundo grupo tiene un mayor nivel de entrenamiento. Los resultados del experimento nos permitieron concluir que la estructura del trabajo independiente desarrollado por los autores es muy efectiva y su implementación permitirá lograr resultados positivos en el desarrollo de competencias de los estudiantes y en la formación de futuros graduados.Реформа образования в России привела к появлению новой модели обучения. Сегодня среди многочисленных изменений, произошедших в контексте компетентностного подхода, мы отмечаем тенденции к изменению роли педагога в жизни студента, сокращению аудиторных часов и увеличению доли самостоятельной работы студентов. Чтобы сохранить и повысить эффективность обучения студентов, учебные заведения должны стремиться найти новые способы использования аудиторных часов для организации самостоятельной работы студентов. Недостаточная разработка этой темы актуализирует процесс ее дальнейшего развития. Целью нашего исследования была проверка структуры самостоятельной работы, разработанной авторами в техникуме с целью повышения уровня подготовки студентов. Для этого авторы провели эксперимент, в котором приняли участие две группы студентов второго курса по 25 человек в каждой. Результаты дифференцированной классификации двух групп по курсу «Инженерная графика» сравнивались. Первая группа студентов обучалась по структуре, имеющейся в колледже, вторая - по схеме, разработанной авторами. В результате выяснилось, что вторая группа имеет более высокий уровень подготовки. Результаты эксперимента позволили сделать вывод о том, что разработанная авторами структура самостоятельной работы имеет высокую результативность, а ее реализация позволит достичь положительных результатов в развитии компетенций студентов и в подготовке будущих выпускников

Дополнительное образование в высшем профессиональном образовательном учреждении

With the active renewal and development of science and technology in society, there is an objective need for continuous improvement of competencies for the implementation of qualified professional activities. The issues of retraining and advanced training of specialists are becoming particularly important, which necessitates the development of additional education. The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of additional education. Based on the necessary regulatory support, the University organizes the activities of the Institute of continuing education, which prepares students for programs of courses of different directions. The authors analyzed the program of additional training, highlighted its features. The methodological support of the courses is highlighted. Analysis of the experience of additional education courses showed their high level of demand among students, so it is planned to expand the scientific and methodological support for the implementation of additional areas.Con la renovación activa y el desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología en la sociedad, existe una necesidad objetiva de mejora continua de las competencias para la implementación de actividades profesionales calificadas. Los temas de reciclaje y capacitación avanzada de especialistas se están volviendo particularmente importantes, lo que requiere el desarrollo de educación adicional. El propósito del artículo es analizar la experiencia de la educación adicional. Basado en el apoyo regulatorio necesario, la Universidad organiza las actividades del Instituto de educación continua, que prepara a los estudiantes para programas de cursos de diferentes direcciones. Los autores analizaron el programa de capacitación adicional, destacaron sus características. Se destaca el apoyo metodológico de los cursos. El análisis de la experiencia de los cursos de educación adicional mostró su alto nivel de demanda entre los estudiantes, por lo que está previsto ampliar el apoyo científico y metodológico para la implementación de áreas adicionales.При активном обновлении и развитии науки и техники в обществе возникает объективная необходимость постоянного совершенствования компетенций для осуществления квалифицированной профессиональной деятельности. Особую актуальность приобретают вопросы переподготовки и повышения квалификации специалистов, что обуславливает необходимость развития дополнительного образования. Целью статьи является анализ опыта дополнительного образования. Опираясь на необходимое нормативное обеспечение, университет организует деятельность Института непрерывного образования, который готовит студентов по программам курсов различных направлений. Авторы проанализировали программу дополнительного обучения, выделили ее особенности. Выделено методическое обеспечение курсов. Анализ опыта проведения курсов дополнительного образования показал их высокий уровень востребованности среди студентов, поэтому планируется расширить научно-методическое обеспечение реализации дополнительных направлений

Psychological and pedagogical foundations for interaction technologies implementation at the university

The technological approach necessitated the development of professional competence of students as the main educational goal. Professional competence is developed only in the process of active activity and constant interaction of students. Therefore, higher education institutions should implement various technologies of interaction in their work, which are today one of the most effective in this process. The purpose of the article is to highlight psychological and pedagogical foundations of interaction technologies implementation at the University. In the article interaction is considered as a basic concept of pedagogical psychology. The authors identified the components of the category "interaction" and identified educational technologies that are responsible for the development of each component. It is noted that technologies interact with each other and produce a positive effect on the development of professional competence of students, organizing effective process of students’ interaction. A survey of students and teachers on the most suitable, in their opinion, technologies for organization of effective interaction is presented. The received answers allowed allocating technologies which cause interest both at teachers and at students

Synthesis, structure and electromagnetic properties of FeCoCu/C nanocomposites

FeCoCu ternary nanoparticles distributed and stabilized in the carbon matrix of FeCoCu/C metal-carbon nanocomposites have been synthesized using controlled IR pyrolysis of precursors consisting of the “polymer / iron acetylacetate / cobalt and copper acetates” type system obtained by joint dissolution of components followed by solvent removal. The effect of the synthesis temperature on the structure, composition and electromagnetic properties of the nanocomposites has been studied. By XRD was shown that the formation of the FeCoCu ternary nanoparticles occurs due to the interaction of Fe3С with the nanoparticles of the CoCu solid solution. An increase in the synthesis temperature leads to an increase in the size of the metal nanoparticles due to their agglomeration and coalescence as a result of matrix reconstruction. Furthermore, ternary alloy nanoparticles having a variable composition may form depending on the synthesis temperature and the content ratio of the metals. Raman spectroscopy has shown that the crystallinity of the carbon matrix of the nanocomposites increases with the synthesis temperature. The frequency responses of the relative permittivity and permeability of the nanocomposites have been studied at 3–13 GHz. It has been shown that a change in the content ratio of the metals noticeably increases both the dielectric and the magnetic losses. The former loss is caused by the formation of a complex nanostructure of the nanocomposite carbon matrix while the latter one originates from an increase in the size of the nanoparticles and a shift of the natural ferromagnetic resonance frequency to the low-frequency region. The reflection loss has been calculated using a standard method from the experimental data on the frequency responses of the relative permittivity and permeability. It has been shown that the frequency range and the absorption of electromagnetic waves (from –20 to –52 dB) can be controlled by varying the content ratio of the metals in the precursor. The nanocomposites obtained as a result of the experiment deliver better results in comparison with FeCo/C nanocomposites synthesized under similar conditions

Building and landscape: the interaction of natural and urban motifs in modern architecture of Japan

The article provides an analysis of the interaction between natural and urban motives in architecture based on projects implemented in Japan and in other countries by Japanese architectural firms. The features of the Japanese culture and philosophy that had a direct impact on its architecture are outlined. Based on a study of texts and graphic material, we suggest a classification of interactions between natural and urban elements by the nature of interaction, type of the main natural element, and its use

Theoretical study of metal composite based on pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile monolayer containing Fe-Co, Ni-Co and Fe-Ni metal atom pairs and silicon amorphizing admixture

An urgent problem of radio engineering and radioelectronics nowadays is the synthesis of composite materials with preset parameters that can be used as electronics engineering materials. Of special interest are MW range wide-band electromagnetic radiation absorbers. Special attention is paid to materials on the basis of ferromagnetic metals that are capable of effectively absorbing and reflecting incident waves and having a clear nanostructure. Development of nanocapsulated metals will allow controlling the parameters of newly designed materials. This is achieved with the use of polymer matrices, e.g. pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PPAN). This work is a theoretical study of a PPAN monolayer model containing pairs of transition metal atoms iron, nickel and cobalt which possess ferromagnetic properties, in Fe-Co, Ni-Co and Fe-Ni combinations, with silicon amorphizing admixture. We studied the geometrical structure of the metal composite systems which are modeled as PPAN molecular clusters the centers of which are voided of six matrix material atoms, the resultant defects (the so-called pores) being filled with pairs of the metal atoms being studied. The metal containing monolayer proved to be distorted in comparison with the initially planar PPAN monolayer. We plotted single-electron spectra of the composite nanosystems and characterized their band gaps. The presence of metal atoms reduces the band gap of a metal composite as compared with pure PPAN. We determined the charges of the metals and found electron density transfer from metal atoms to their adjacent PPAN monolayer atoms. We calculated the average bond energy of the test metal composite systems and proved them to be stable. The studies involved the use of the density functional theory (DFT) method with the B3LYP functional and the 6-31G(d) basis

Metal–carbon nanocomposites based on pyrolysed polyacrylonitrile

The electronic structure and geometry of metal−carbon nanocomposites based on pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PPAN) with Cu, Si, Fe, Co and Ni atoms using the DFT method have been theoretically studied. The effect of nitrogen on the stability of PPAN and its conductivity has been determined. The electrophysical properties and structure of metal nanocomposites have been studied using the XFA method. The composites have been produced by IR heating. We suggest that metal−carbon nanocomposites form due to the special processing of the (PAN−MeR) samples. Metal nanoparticles are regularly dispersed in the nanocrystalline matrix of PPAN. The conductivity of these metal−carbon nanocomposites has an activation character and varies from 10−1 to 103 Om/cm depending on synthesis temperature (T=600–900 °С). The results of theoretical and experimental research are in a good agreement

Synthesis, structure and electromagnetic properties of FeCoAl/C nanocomposites

Magnetic nanoparticles play an important role in rapidly developing advanced branches of science and industry, e.g. fabrication of magnetic storage media, synthesis of ferromagnetic liquids, medicine and chemistry. One problem faced in the usage of magnetic nanoparticles is their high chemical activity leading to oxidation in air and agglomeration. The chemical activity of magnetic nanoparticles stems from the contribution of their large specific surface to volume ratio. Carbon coating of nanoparticles reduces the interaction between nanoparticles. FeCoAl/C metal-carbon nanocomposites have been synthesized using IR pyrolysis of polymer/metal salt precursors. The effect of synthesis temperature (IR heating) in the range from 500 to 700 °C on the structure and composition of the nanomaterials has been studied. We show that the forming particles are the FeCoAl ternary solid solution with a FeCo based bcc lattice. An increase in the synthesis temperature from 500 to 700 °C leads to an increase in the coherent scattering region of three-component nanoparticles from 5 to 19 nm. An increase in the aluminum content from 20 to 30% relative to Fe and Co results in an increase in the size of the nanoparticles to 15 nm but this also entails the formation of a Co based solid solution having an fcc lattice. An increase in the nanocomposite synthesis temperature and a growth of the relative Al content as a result of a more complete carbonization and the structure-building effect of metals reduce the degree of amorphousness of the nanocomposite carbon matrix and lead to the formation of graphite-like phase crystallites having an ordered structure. The effect of synthesis temperature and relative content of metals on the electromagnetic properties (complex permittivity and permeability) of the synthesized nanocomposites has been studied. Synthesis conditions affect the radio absorption properties of the nanocomposites, e.g. reflection loss (RL) in the 3–13 GHz range