Refugees, HIV/AIDS and Access to Medical Care: A Case Study of Cairo, Egypt

Urban refugees in Egypt are at high risk for HIV/AIDS because of the lack of adequate health resources, social stability and the intense stigma and discrimination surrounding HIV/AIDS. Based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews conducted in Cairo, Egypt, this paper uses a vulnerability perspective to examine the challenges facing HIV-positive refugees in accessing necessary medical care. The combination of policy, structural forces and social relations results in a chain of causation that marginalizes refugees in Egyptian society. These social processes results in unequal access to health resources for refugees, thereby increasing their potential exposure to HIV transmission. This contextualized analysis of vulnerability and access to medical care highlights the potential to not only address the issue of HIV/AIDS services for refugees, but also to improve the economic, social and cultural standards of living for refugees in Cairo. Therefore a multi-faceted approach is necessary in order to find comprehensive solutions to address these underlying factors

Pregnancies, abortions, and pregnancy intentions: a protocol for modeling and reporting global, regional and country estimates

Background Estimates of pregnancies, abortions and pregnancy intentions can help assess how effectively women and couples are able to fulfil their childbearing aspirations. Abortion incidence estimates are also a necessary foundation for research on the safety of abortions performed and the consequences of unsafe abortion. Furthermore, periodic estimates of these indicators are needed to help inform policy and programmes. Methods We will develop a Bayesian hierarchical times series model which estimates levels and trends in pregnancy rates, abortion rates, and percentages of pregnancies and births unintended for each five-year period between 1990 and 2019. The model will be informed by data on abortion incidence and the percentage of births or pregnancies that were unintended. We will develop a data classification process to be applied to all available data. Model-based estimates and associated uncertainty will take account of data sparsity and quality. Our proposed approach will advance previous work in two key ways. First, we will estimate pregnancy and abortion rates simultaneously, and model the propensity to abort an unintended pregnancy, as opposed to modeling abortion rates directly as in prior work. Secondly, we will produce estimates that are reproducible at the country level by publishing the data inputs, data classification processes and source code. Discussion This protocol will form the basis for updated global, regional and national estimates of intended and unintended pregnancy rates, abortion rates, and the percent of unintended pregnancies ending in abortion, from 1990 to 2019

La atención del VIH/SIDA para los refugiados en Egipto

El acceso a la atención médica de los refugiados seropositivos en Egipto se ve obstaculizado por la carencia de este tipo de servicios y por el fuerte estigma y discriminación asociados al virus y a la enfermedad

HIV/AIDS services for refugees in Egypt

HIV-positive refugees’ access to medical care in Egypt isimpeded by the lack of medical services and by the intensestigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS

Global Abortion Incidence Dataset

The Global Abortion Incidence Dataset is a comprehensive dataset of abortion data from 1990 to 2018, which provides the first global compilation of national level abortion data and information on data sources and quality. This data is used in the Guttmacher Institute model that produces global, regional, subregional, and national estimates of abortion and unintended pregnancy

Global, regional, and subregional trends in unintended pregnancy and its outcomes from 1990 to 2014: estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model

Summary: Background: Estimates of pregnancy incidence by intention status and outcome indicate how effectively women and couples are able to fulfil their childbearing aspirations, and can be used to monitor the impact of family-planning programmes. We estimate global, regional, and subregional pregnancy rates by intention status and outcome for 1990–2014. Methods: We developed a Bayesian hierarchical time series model whereby the unintended pregnancy rate is a function of the distribution of women across subgroups defined by marital status and contraceptive need and use, and of the risk of unintended pregnancy in each subgroup. Data included numbers of births and of women estimated by the UN Population Division, recently published abortion incidence estimates, and findings from surveys of women on the percentage of births or pregnancies that were unintended. Some 298 datapoints on the intention status of births or pregnancies were obtained for 105 countries. Findings: Worldwide, an estimated 44% (90% uncertainty interval [UI] 42–48) of pregnancies were unintended in 2010–14. The unintended pregnancy rate declined by 30% (90% UI 21–39) in developed regions, from 64 (59–81) per 1000 women aged 15–44 years in 1990–94 to 45 (42–56) in 2010–14. In developing regions, the unintended pregnancy rate fell 16% (90% UI 5–24), from 77 (74–88) per 1000 women aged 15–44 years to 65 (62–76). Whereas the decline in the unintended pregnancy rate in developed regions coincided with a declining abortion rate, the decline in developing regions coincided with a declining unintended birth rate. In 2010–14, 59% (90% UI 54–65) of unintended pregnancies ended in abortion in developed regions, as did 55% (52–60) of unintended pregnancies in developing regions. Interpretation: The unintended pregnancy rate remains substantially higher in developing regions than in developed regions. Sexual and reproductive health services are needed to help women avoid unintended pregnancies, and to ensure healthy outcomes for those who do experience such pregnancies. Funding: Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs and UK Aid from the UK Government

Basis of 1990–2019 estimates

These data tables summarize the information that was *input* into the model which produced the 1990–2019 estimates. The model-based estimates (https://www.guttmacher.org/global/abortion) are the *outputs* which were produced by the statistical model

Unintended pregnancy and abortion by income, region, and the legal status of abortion: estimates from a comprehensive model for 1990–2019

Las estimaciones de embarazo y aborto involuntario documentan las tendencias en salud sexual y reproductiva y autonomía. Estas estimaciones informan y motivan la inversión en programas y políticas mundiales de salud. Variabilidad en La disponibilidad y confiabilidad de los datos plantea desafíos para medir y monitorear las tendencias en el embarazo no deseado y aborto. Desarrollan un nuevo modelo estadístico que estimó conjuntamente el embarazo no deseado y el aborto que destinado a informar mejor los esfuerzos hacia la equidad global en salud y derechos sexuales y reproductivo