Rewards Affecting the Organizational Concerns

To obtain and maintain a high-performing workforce, an enterprise must develop a well-conceived compensation program. In addition to a salary, employees may be rewarded with benefit plans, bonuses, perquisites, stock options, and other long-term incentives. The main purpose of this article is to study how rewards affect employee perceptions, attitudes, and behavior in a variety of ways. Also, the purpose of this article is to analyze how organizational efficiency and effectiveness are affected as well. The organizational concerns that are influenced by rewards, analyzed in this article, are turnover and absenteeism, performance, and commitment. In order to retain the best performers, to achieve high-levels of performance and to increase organizational commitment, managers must develop reward systems considering individual differences, integrating individual and organizational goals, designing challenging jobs.reward; turnover; absenteeism; job performance; organizational commitment.

Intergroups Conflict Patterns

In the endeavour of explaining the causes and mechanisms which fundament the emergence of conflicts, researchers have elaborated theoretical conflict patterns. Some researchers consider that conflict patterns describe either the process or the structure of a contrariety situation. Through the process pattern, there are identified events which characterize a conflict and the succession connection between different stages. Structural patterns define favourable conditions and describe the way in which they influence the conflictual behaviour. Another group of patterns have the purpose of describing organizational conflicts. Among the conflict patterns, the ones which have special importance from both a managerial theoretical and practical point of view are the following: process pattern, structural pattern and organizational pattern. Also, the paper describes the ways for managing the conflicts and the process of negotiation.process pattern of conflict; structural pattern of conflict; organizational patterns of conflict; managing the conflict; negotiations.

PUBLIC HEALTH SISTEM IN SWEDEN

The Swedish health care system is a socially responsible system with an explicit publiccommitment to ensure the health of all citizens. Quality health care for all is a cornerstone ofthe Swedish welfare state. The 1982 Health and Medical Services Act not only incorporatedequal access to services on the basis of need, but also emphasizes a vision of equal health forall. Three basic principles areintended to apply to health care in Sweden. The principle ofhuman dignity means that all human beings have an equal entitlement to dignity, and shouldhave the same rights, regardless of their status in the community. The principle of need andsolidarity means that those in greatest need take precedence in medical care. The principle ofcost—effectiveness means that when a choice has to be made between different health careoptions, there should be a reasonable relationship between the costs and the effects, measuredin terms of improved health and improved quality of life

The Pronunciation Problems among Kurdish Learners of English

The goal of this study was to examine the pronunciation issues of different speakers of English and especially Kurdish speakers, and various perspectives on native vs foreign pronunciations. The research showed that Kurdish speakers had difficulties pronouncing several English vowels and some English consonants. The research results demonstrate that Kurdish English speakers understand the value of pronunciation compared to native and non-native English speakers. Kurdish speakers may hesitate to speak in a manner that seems natural to a native speaker, and their last consonants in words are almost always unaspirated and unvoiced. Given that Kurdish learners of English have difficulty pronouncing some English words, some suggested solutions include providing pronunciation instruction classes to language instructors, having educators speak in English, and giving students examples of native tongue sounds compared and contrasted with the target language sounds. With minimal exposure to cooperation with native speakers and variations in L1's phonological organization compared to English, the difficulty posed by pronunciation is evident. All the updated studies clearly show that these issues affect English speakers in general and rely less and less on their original tongue

PRODUCTION OF MURINE POLYCLONAL ANTI FtsZ P.aeruginosa ANTIBODIES

Summary In order to overcome the crisis of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need for alternative antibacterial agents that have novel mechanisms of action. FtsZ is an attractive target for antibacterial drug discovery because of its widespread conservation in the bacterial kingdom, its absence in the mitochondria of higher eukaryotes and its known biochemical activity and molecular structure. FtsZ plays an essential role in prokaryotic cell division machinery in which undergoes GTP-dependent polymerization midcell and assembles into the dynamic Z-ring at the site of division. The Z-ring acts to initiate Z-ring contraction to form bacterial daughter cells. Although FtsZ shares structural and functional similarity with eukaryotic tubulin, most of the tubulin/microtubule targeting agents do not affect the dynamic assembly of FtsZ, indicating that FtsZ can be a selective antibacterial target. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity in mice of FtsZ protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium, which is a well-known opporthunistic human pathogen. We were interested in the degree of affinity and titer dynamics of polyclonal antibodies synthesized against Pseudomonas aeruginosa FtsZ by mice reimmunization and also, in antiFtsZ antibodies reactivity with their specific protein, FtsZ Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Predictors of Companies Preferences for Adopting a Proposed Marketing Strategy

Digital marketing has become increasingly popular and even a mandatory component of anorganization's marketing strategy because it covers the entire range of tools, technologies andcommunication channels. Digital marketing involves the use of digital technologies to supportmarketing activities for profitable acquisition and customer retention in a multi-channel process,no matter what the stage of the customer acquisition cycle. Through this article we will look at itsimportance in a company, the benefits of digital marketing and there will be developed hypothesisto improve the marketing strategy, starting from the current situation