Time-space evolution and volcanological features of the Late Miocene-Quaternary Calimani-Gurghiu-Harghita Volcanic Range, East Carpathians, Romania. A Review.

The Carpathian-Pannonian Region (CPR) hosts one of the major Cainozoic volcanic provinces of Europe extending in space over 6 eastern European countries.The lithospheric evolution of this large area governed by large-scale asthenospheric processes is recorded by products of volcanic activity occurred during a time interval of more than 21 million years. According to their surface occurrence areas, ages and composition the Neogene volcanics of CPR were systematized in three main groups: 1) mostly explosive products of felsic magmas generated at the beginning of volcanism in the whole CPR and in their particular occurrence areas (21-12 Ma) developed in the actual intra-Carpathian Pannonian Basin, 2) mostly intermediate calc-alkaline rocks emplaced in both the intra-Carpathian areas and along the arcuate Carpathian fold-and-thrust belt, and 3) Na- and K- alkaline and ultra-alkaline products clustered in a number of monogenetic volcanic fields across the whole intra-Carpathian realm developed in the final stages of volcanic activity of the CPR as a whole and of their particular occurrence areas. The ca. 160 km long Călimani-Gurghiu-Harghita volcanic range (CGH) developed as part of the intermediate calc-alkaline volcanism closely related in space with the fold-and-thrust belt of the Carpathians, representing the south-eastern segment of the CPR. Although its map view and general petrochemical and volcanological characteristics are quite similar with those of other segments of the orogene belt- tied calc-alkaline volcanic segments, at a closer look CGH displays a number of unique features. The time-space evolution of CGH is particular not only in that it is the youngest (10.5 to < 0.05 Ma) dominantly calc-alkaline segment in CPR but also it shows a transient character. Unlike other segments along which volcanism occurred simultaneously forming true subduction-related 400 to 800 km long volcanic fronts which were stable in time for millions of year, in CGH volcanic activity migrated continuously along the range from NW to SE. So, during any given 1 Ma time interval active volcanism was restricted to very limited areas and to just a few active volcanic centers. The along-range shift of volcanic foci was concurrent with progressively lower volumes of magma erupted and decreasing magma output rates. As a result, gradually lower-volume and less complex volcanic edifices were built up. Moreover, at the range-ending and youngest South Harghita sub-segment, magma compositions gradually changed from normal calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic, and adakitic features emerged at the end of volcanic activity, after a time gap of 0.5 Ma. This marks a major geodynamic event in the development of the East Carpathians themselves. During the transient volcanism of CGH, edifices of varying volume and complexity were built up forming a row of tightly- packed adjoining stratovolcanoes/composite volcanoes whose peripheral volcaniclastic aprons complexly juxtaposed, overlapped and merged with each other. The largest ones (Călimani caldera, and Fâncel-Lăpuşna) developed until caldera stage. Some of them (Rusca-Tihu in the Călimani Mts., Vârghiş in the North Harghita Mts.) became unstable during their growth and collapsed, generating widespread large-volume debris avalanche deposits. Edifice instability was solved by volcano-basement interaction processes, such as volcano spreading, at some large-volume volcanoes (in particular those in the Gurghiu Mts.). Volcano typology changed at the smaller-volume constructs toward the southeastern terminus of the range in the South Harghita Mts. from typical large stratovolcanoes to smaller composite volcanoes, dome clusters and isolated domes and simpler internal structures. As a whole, CGH displays an extremely particular evolutionary pattern strongly suggesting a transient character and decreasing to extinguishing volcanic activity along its length from NW to SE

Nanostructuring induced enhancement of radiation hardness in GaN epilayers

The radiation hardness of as-grown and electrochemically nanostructured GaN epilayers against heavy ion irradiation was studied by means of photoluminescence(PL) and resonant Raman scattering (RRS) spectroscopy. A nanostructuring induced enhancement of the GaN radiation hardness by more than one order of magnitude was derived from the PL and RRS analyses. These findings show that electrochemical nanostructuring of GaN layers is a potentially attractive technology for the development of radiation hard devices

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES TO SUSTAINABILITY IN HIDROPONIC SYSTEMS– REVIEW

Hydroponics is a viable solution to obtain intensive agriculture, in terms of producing vegetables and fruits as tasty and nutritious as those produced in classical crops. In the current changing climatic conditions, it can be a viable solution for obtaining high quality food. In addition, the system allows establishment of crops, which do not require the use of soil or manure, but only water that contains various dissolved nutrients. This agricultural cropping technology involves the use of various fertilizers instead of soil for the growth and development of plants. The light needed to develop the plates can come from the sun, or can be produced by renewable energy sources

Treatment of anaerobic infection after caesarean section (case report)

Catedra chirurgie generală, USMF “Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Spitalul Clinic Municipal nr.1, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Al XII-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” din Republica Moldova cu participare internațională 23-25 septembrie 2015Introducere: Femeile care au suportat operaţia cezariană prezintă un risc de la 5 la 20 ori mai mare pentru complicaţii infecţioase, faţă de cele care nasc pe cale naturală. Complicaţiile includ endometritele (20-85% din cazuri), infecţia plăgii (25%), bacteriemia, abcesele pelviene, şocul septic, fasciitele necrotizante şi tromboflebitele venelor pelviene. Principalele microorganisme responsabile pentru endometrite sunt bacilii aerobi gram-negativi (E.coli); bacilii anaerobi gram-negativi (Bacteroides sp. şi Gardnerella vaginalis); cocii aerobi gram-pozitivi (streptococii din Grupul B şi Grupul D); şi cocii anaerobi gram-pozitivi (Peptococcus sp. şi Peptostreptococcus sp). Pe parcursul travaliului şi a naşterii abdominale endometriumul şi cavitatea peritoneală sunt invariabil contaminate cu un număr mare de bacterii patogene aerobe şi anaerobe care prolifere ază în lichidul peritoneal postoperator sero-sangvin. Caz clinic: Este raportat cazul unei femei obeze (IMC=40) cu vârsta de 39 ani, care a fost supusă operaţiei cezariene la a 13-a naştere. În pofida indicaţiilor nu au fost administrate antibiotice în scop profilactic nici până, nici după intervenţie. Peste 2 zile bolnava a fost transferată în secţia de chirurgie datorită dehiscenţei şi infecţiei plăgii. S-a recurs la histerectomie totală. Analiza bacteriologică a pus în evidenţă prezenţa Enterobacter aerogenus, Enterococcus sp. şi a Staphylococcus aureus. Pe parcursul a 28 de zile au fost administrate antibiotice în conformitate cu sensibilitatea patogenilor, concomitent cu tratamentul local al plăgii. Vindecarea completa a fost atestată în ziua a 56-a. Concluzie: În grupul de risc este strict indicată antibiotico-profilaxia peri-cezariană.Introduction: Women who undergo caesarean section have a 5 to 20-fold greater risk of infectious complications than those after normal vaginal delivery. The complications include endometritis (20-85% of cases), wound infection (25%), bacteremia, pelvic abscess, septic shock, necrotizing fasciitis, and septic pelvic vein thrombophlebitis. The main microorganisms responsible for endometritis are aerobic gram-negative bacilli (E.coli); anaerobic gram-negative bacilli (Bacteroides sp. and Gardnerella vaginalis); aerobic gram-positive cocci (Group B and Group D streptococci); and anaerobic gram-positive cocci (Peptococcus sp. and Peptostreptococcus sp). During labor and abdominal delivery, the endometrium and peritoneal cavity invariably are contaminated with large numbers of highly pathogenic aerobic and anaerobic bacteria which are proliferating in the serosanguineous postoperative peritoneal fluid. Clinical case: We report a case of an obese (BMI=40) 39 years old woman who suffered a caesarean section at 13th delivery. In spite of indications, no prophylactic antibiotics where administrated nor before neither after intervention. After 2 days she was transferred to the Surgical Department due to wound dehiscence and infection. Total hysterectomy was performed. Bacteriological analysis identified presence of Enterobacter aerogenus, Enterococcus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. There were administrated antibiotics according to sensibility of the pathogens for 28 days, along with local debridement of the wound. After 56 days of hospitalization complete healing was reported. Conclusion: It is strictly indicated to use prophylactic antibiotic administration peri-caesarean section in the risk group

Unbiased bases (Hadamards) for 6-level systems: Four ways from Fourier

In quantum mechanics some properties are maximally incompatible, such as the position and momentum of a particle or the vertical and horizontal projections of a 2-level spin. Given any definite state of one property the other property is completely random, or unbiased. For N-level systems, the 6-level ones are the smallest for which a tomographically efficient set of N+1 mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) has not been found. To facilitate the search, we numerically extend the classification of unbiased bases, or Hadamards, by incrementally adjusting relative phases in a standard basis. We consider the non-unitarity caused by small adjustments with a second order Taylor expansion, and choose incremental steps within the 4-dimensional nullspace of the curvature. In this way we prescribe a numerical integration of a 4-parameter set of Hadamards of order 6.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

On Horadam Sequences with Dense Orbits and Pseudo-Random Number Generators

Horadam sequence is a general recurrence of second order in the complex plane, depending on four complex parameters (two initial values and two recurrence coefficients). These sequences have been investigated over more than 60 years, but new properties and applications are still being discovered. Small parameter variations may dramatically impact the sequence orbits, generating numerous patterns: periodic, convergent, divergent, or dense within one dimensional curves. Here we explore Horadam sequences whose orbit is dense within a 2D region of the complex plane, while the complex argument is uniformly distributed in an interval. This enables the design of a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) for the uniform distribution, for which we test periodicity, correlation, Monte Carlo estimation of π, and the NIST battery of tests. We then calculate the probability distribution of the radii of the sequence terms of Horadam sequences. Finally, we propose extensions of these results for generalized Horadam sequences of third order

High temperature ferromagnetism of Li-doped vanadium oxide nanotubes

The nature of a puzzling high temperature ferromagnetism of doped mixed-valent vanadium oxide nanotubes reported earlier by Krusin-Elbaum et al., Nature 431 (2004) 672, has been addressed by static magnetization, muon spin relaxation, nuclear magnetic and electron spin resonance spectroscopy techniques. A precise control of the charge doping was achieved by electrochemical Li intercalation. We find that it provides excess electrons, thereby increasing the number of interacting magnetic vanadium sites, and, at a certain doping level, yields a ferromagnetic-like response persisting up to room temperature. Thus we confirm the surprising previous results on the samples prepared by a completely different intercalation method. Moreover our spectroscopic data provide first ample evidence for the bulk nature of the effect. In particular, they enable a conclusion that the Li nucleates superparamagnetic nanosize spin clusters around the intercalation site which are responsible for the unusual high temperature ferromagnetism of vanadium oxide nanotubes.Comment: with some amendments published in Europhysics Letters (EPL) 88 (2009) 57002; http://epljournal.edpsciences.or

Recurrent vulvar carcinoma: complex surgical treatment via perineal excision and reconstruction with musculocutaneous flap

Vulvar cancer is a malignant disease having a low frequency and with well-established surgical and oncological treatments based on the stage of the disease. The most important therapeutic problem encountered is represented by cases of perineal local regional recurrence, which are common in patients with large primary tumors and can occur even if the margins of the resection had no tumoral invasion. We present a case study of a 64-year-old patient diagnosed one year ago with squamous vulvar carcinoma (G3) for which a vulvectomy was performed after neoadjuvant radiotherapy. The patient later developed local recurrence with invasion of the anal sphincter, creating a delicate problem regarding a surgical approach. The size and the extent of the recurrent tumor required a complex surgical intervention using a mixed surgical team of general surgeons and plastic surgeons. Surgical intervention with a large excision of the recurrent cancer along with amputation of the inferior rectum via perineal route, and creation of a left iliac anus was performed. The perineal defect was covered via a musculocutaneous flap using the gracilis muscle. The immediate post-operative evolution was favorable