Diabetes in the Netherlands

This report describes the current diabetes situation in the Netherlands and future developments in the absence of policy changes. In 2003, over 600.000 people in the Netherlands were suffering from diabetes. Especially due to ageing of the population and the growing number of overweight people, the number of people with diabetes is estimated to have doubled by the year 2025. At least five million Dutch people are overweight and/or do not engage in physical activity, with a consequent increased risk of diabetes. In addition, some 900.000 persons of 60 years and older have pre-stage diabetes (Impaired Glucose Tolerance) and another 115.000 to 300.000 persons are even unaware that they have diabetes. Diabetes is a serious chronic disease. At minimum 40 to 56 percent of the people with diabetes experience at least one chronic complication, such as cardiovascular diseases, eye-anomalies and kidney disease. The risk of complications is higher for people with a longer history of the disease and for diabetics with high blood glucose levels, high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. Prevention and health care interventions may lower the risk of diabetes and its complications. Such interventions include promoting a healthy lifestyle among high-risk populations, early detection and treatment of high-risk people and of people who are unaware they have diabetes, and improving diabetes care. The Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport is currently developing a National Diabetes Action Program. To underpin this program, RIVM will estimate the program's effect on the future number of people suffering from diabetes and its complications. This report presents data on the current situation of diabetes in the Netherlands that will allow such estimates to be made.Dit rapport beschrijft de huidige situatie rondom diabetes in Nederland en de toekomstige situatie bij ongewijzigd beleid. In 2003 hadden ruim 600.000 Nederlanders diabetes, een ernstige chronische ziekte. Vooral door de vergrijzing en het toenemende aantal mensen met overgewicht kan het aantal mensen met diabetes in 2025 verdubbelen. Minimaal vijf miljoen Nederlanders hebben overgewicht en/of zijn lichamelijk inactief, waardoor zij een verhoogd risico op diabetes hebben. Daarnaast zijn er 900.000 mensen van 60 jaar en ouder die een voorstadium van diabetes hebben (Impaired Glucose Tolerance) en 115.000 tot 300.000 mensen weten niet dat ze diabetes hebben. Diabetes is een ernstige chronische ziekte. Minimaal 40 tot 56 procent van de mensen met diabetes heeft last van een of meerdere chronische complicaties van diabetes, zoals hart- en vaatziekten, oogafwijkingen en nieraandoeningen. De kans op deze complicaties stijgt naarmate mensen de ziekte langer hebben en als gevolg van hoge bloedsuikerwaarden, een te hoge bloeddruk en een te hoog cholesterolgehalte. Preventie- en zorgactiviteiten kunnen het risico op diabetes en op de complicaties ervan verminderen. Dit kan door een gezonde leefstijl te bevorderen bij mensen met een verhoogd risico op diabetes; door vroege opsporing en behandeling te stimuleren van mensen met een verhoogd risico of met ongediagnosticeerde diabetes; en door goede (keten) zorg te bevorderen voor mensen met diabetes. Het ministerie van VWS ontwikkelt momenteel een Nationaal Diabetes Actieprogramma. Het RIVM berekent of en in welke mate de activiteiten uit dit programma effect hebben op het aantal mensen met diabetes en de complicaties ervan. Hiervoor zijn gegevens nodig over de huidige situatie rondom diabetes in Nederland, die in dit rapport beschreven zijn

End of life care interventions for people with dementia in care homes : addressing uncertainty within a framework for service delivery and evaluation

© 2015 Goodman et al. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise statedMethods: The data from three studies on EoL care in care homes: (i) EVIDEM EoL , (ii) EPOCH , and (iii) TTT EoL were used to inform the development of the framework. All used mixed method designs and two had an intervention designed to improve how care home staff provided end of life care. The EVIDEM EoL and EPOCH studies tracked the care of older people in care homes over a period of 12 months. The TTT study collected resource use data of care home residents for three months, and surveyed decedents' notes for ten months, Results: Across the three studies, 29 care homes, 528 residents, 205 care home staff, and 44 visiting health care professionals participated. Analysis of showed that end of life interventions for people with dementia were characterised by uncertainty in three key areas; what treatment is the 'right' treatment, who should do what and when, and in which setting EoL care should be delivered and by whom? These uncertainties are conceptualised as Treatment uncertainty, Relational uncertainty and Service uncertainty. This paper proposes an emergent framework to inform the development and evaluation of EoL care interventions in care homes. Conclusion: For people with dementia living and dying in care homes, EoL interventions need to provide strategies that can accommodate or "hold" the inevitable and often unresolvable uncertainties of providing and receiving care in these settingsPeer reviewe

Dietary polyunsaturated fat intake is associated with low-density lipoprotein size, but not with susceptibility to oxidation in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism and type II diabetes: the Hoorn study

OBJECTIVE: A high monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake is associated with lower plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. However, PUFA may increase the susceptibility of LDL to undergo oxidative modifications. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of habitual dietary fat intake with LDL size and oxidizability. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Cohort study. SUBJECTS: Seven hundred and fifty-eight subjects with normal, impaired glucose metabolism and type II diabetes. INTERVENTIONS: Mean LDL size was measured by high-performance gel-filtration chromatography. In vitro oxidizability of LDL was determined by measuring lag time, reflecting the resistance of LDL to copper-induced oxidation. Information about dietary fat intake was obtained by a validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: PUFA intake (energy percent) was significantly and negatively associated with LDL size in subjects with type II diabetes (standardized beta (95% confidence interval) -0.17 (-0.28;-0.06)) and impaired glucose metabolism - although not statistically significant - (-0.09 (-0.24;0.05)), but not in subjects with normal glucose metabolism (0.01 (-0.10;0.12)) (P-value for interaction=0.02). No significant associations were observed for total, saturated fat and MUFA intake with LDL size. Intake of fat was associated with lag time; however, the small magnitude of the associations suggested that the composition of dietary fat is not a major factor affecting lag time. The same association with lag time was observed in all three glucose metabolism categories. CONCLUSIONS: In individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism, higher PUFA intake is associated with smaller LDL particle size, but does not alter the susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidation. SPONSORSHIP: Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation, and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)

Age at postnatal diagnosis of Down syndrome in the northern Netherlands for the period 1981-2000

Background. In live-born children with Down syndrome it may be very difficult for the clinician or midwife assisting at the delivery to recognise Down syndrome in newborn babies due to varying physical appearances. Meanwhile more and more therapeutical interventions become available that should start early in life. We were interested in the age at the postnatal diagnosis of Down syndrome, and found no literature on the subject. Methods: We studied the age at the diagnosis of Down syndrome for live-born babies born in the period of 1981-2000 and registered by the European Registration of Congenital Anomalies in the northern part of The Netherlands. Results: For 289 children, data on the age at the postnatal diagnosis were available, in 70.8% of whom there was suspicion of DS on the day of birth. In 1.7% of the cases, the diagnosis was made after 1 year. Place of birth and the specialty of the health worker assisting at the delivery were associated with age at diagnosis. When the child was delivered at hospital, 96.4% of the Down syndrome cases had been diagnosed within 1 month compared to 81.3% following home delivery. Conclusion: In some cases of Down syndrome in live-born babies, the diagnosis is made only after months or a year. The diagnosis was made faster in babies born in hospital compared to those born at home. Copyright © 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel