Detection of eight foodborne bacterial pathogens by oligonucleotide array hybridization

Background: Simultaneous and rapid detection of multiple foodborne bacterial pathogens is important for the prevention of foodborne illnesses. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of 16S rDNA and 23S rDNA sequences as targets for simultaneous detection of eight foodborne bacterial pathogens. Methods: Nineteen bacterial oligonucleotide probes were synthesized and applied to nylon membranes. Digoxygenin labeled 16S rDNA and 23S rDNA from bacteria were amplified by PCR using universal primers, and the amplicons were hybridized to the membrane array. Hybridization signals were visualized by NBT/BCIP color development. Results: The eight intestinal bacterial pathogens including Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis were appropriately detected in a panel of oligonucleotide array hybridization. The experimental results showed that the method could discriminate the bacterial pathogens successfully. The sensitivity of oligonucleotide array was 103 CFU/ml. Conclusion: This study showed that 16S rDNA and 23S rDNA genes had sufficient sequence diversity for species identification and were useful for monitoring the populations of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, results obtained in this study revealed that oligonucleotide array hybridization had a powerful capability to detect and identify the bacterial pathogens simultaneously

Survey on health status in aquaculture sturgeons centers (Mazandaran, Guilan And Golestan Provinces)

Study of survey health management and diseases in hatcheries and fish farms can help us to knowledge and application control methods such as: prevention, treatment and increase high levels of production in hatchery and farms, finally. This survey carried out from 2005 to 2008 for 4 years in sturgeon hatcheries and farms of Golestan province. Sturgeon fishes include Huso Huso, Ship sturgeon, Acipenser persicus collected and for virology, bacteriology, fungius and hematology examined. Also, physicochemical parameters measured and recorded in different stages of culture. Results of this study showed that all of samples in virology was negative and did not observe any doubetful causes. In bacteriology CFU was variation from 3/9 ×105 to 6/9×10. The most parasites that detected in this survey was Cocolanus espherolanus, Sceria binopsulus semiarmatus and Amphilina fuliacea that separates from Acipenser Percicus, especially. The results about hematology parameters some important hematological indices of ship sturgeon include: The total RBC for female and mail specimens measured as 5.3±1.5 ×10^5, 4.8±0.5×10^5 per mm^3 respectively. The amount of haematocrit and hemoglobin for female and mail determined: 34.3±2.8, 35±1.4 percent and 10.3±0.9, 8.9±0.8 gr/dl .The MCV: 216.3± 96.2, 736.5± 102.5, MCH: 720.2±309.5, 186±0.7 and MCHC: 30±0.8, 25.5±3.4 percent respectively.The total WBC were (female, male): 21320±1054, 20580±777 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 16.4±2.5, 17±1.4 percent and lymphocyte: 74.4±2.4, 73.5± 0.7 percent and eosinophil: 6±1.4, 6.4±0.5 percent, monocyte: 2.8±0.8, 3.5±0.7 percent. There was not any significant differences (p>0.05) between mentioned parameters in male and female (students t-test). Also evaluation of hematological parameters in bluga ( Huso huso) include: total RBC were (male , female) 5±0.3 ×105 , 4.9±0.6 ×105 per mm^3 ,respectively and hematocrit: 33.2±6.7 , 35.4±3.4 percent and hemoglobin: 11.2±1.5 , 12.2±1gr/dl and MCV: 669.9±172.2, 723.9±982.4 and MCH: 226.2±42.5, 249.5±35.4 and MCHC: 34.1±2.4, 34.6±3.6 percent respectively. The totals WBC were (male, female): 24800±707.1, 23042±1375.4 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 18.5±0.7, 21.4±1.1 percent and lymphocyte: 73.5±1.4, 68.4±1.1 percent and eosinophil: 5±2.8, 7±1.2 percent and monocyte: 3.5±3.5, 3.2±0.8 percent. According to statistically study the count of lymphocyte had significant difference between male and female fish and this count in male was higher than female. (p≥0.05)

Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and shigella Dysenteriae by analysis of 23s ribosomal DNA gene

Background: Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes contain signature structures which are unique for groups of organisms. Considering their great number in cells and their protected areas, they render ideal targets for specific nucleic acid probes. The present study aimed to investigate the capability of some specific regions of 23S rDNA gene as a DNA target for differentiation and screening of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella dysenteriae. Methods: Bacterial reference strains used in this study were E. coli, S. enterica and Sh. dysenteriae that were provided by the centers for microbial culture collection (CMCC) at Pasture Institute of Iran. DNA extraction was performed by boiling method. Alignment of the 23S rDNA sequences of bacterial species was performed by using AlignX (a component of Vector NTI Advance 11.0) and areas displaying sequence divergence among species were used for designing universal primers and individual bacteria specific probe. Findings: The universal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of each bacterial species showed bands of approximately 880 bp to be being equivalent to the fragment size of 23S rDNA gene. Different size bands of 23S rDNA probes were produced and included 228 bp for E. coli, 444 bp for S. enterica, and 776 bp for Sh. dysenteriae. Conclusion: Comparative sequence analysis of variable and specific regions of 23S rDNA genes among the studied bacterial species showed that we were able to amplify specific target among universal region for the detection of many enteric pathogenic bacteria

IMPACT OF IN-SERVICE TRAINING ON EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT REGIONAL ELECTRIC COMPANY IN GILAN

Abstract This study is sought to examine impact of in-service training on employee empowerment regional electric company in Gilan that can be identified effective ways in-service training on employee empowerment. Present study in terms of research method is descriptive type of correlation in and terms of aim is practical. Statistical population was all regional electric company employees in Gilan (n = 521) and to determine the sample size initially was used Kolmogrov test, then Considering normal distribution to estimate the sample size was used Cochran's formula and on this basis a sample size was calculated 200

Association between Anemia and Falls in the Elderly

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Falls are the major cause of disability, hospitalization and mortality in the elderly. Various risk factors such as anemia cause falls in the elderly. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between anemia and falls in the elderly in Amirkola. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among people aged 60 years and above in Amirkola during a one-year period as a census. Complete blood count was performed based on fasting blood sample. History of falls and associated chronic diseases was confirmed based on the patient's report, doctor's prescription and the patient's medications. The cognitive status was measured using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) standard questionnaire, symptoms of depression were measured using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) standard questionnaire and the balance status was measured using Berg Balance Test (BBT) standard questionnaire. FINDINGS: 1482 elderly individuals, including 817 men (55.1%) and 665 women (44.9%) were examined, among which 271 (18.3%) individuals experienced falls. 21.2% of people with anemia and 17.6% of people without anemia experienced falls, though the difference was not significant. Mean hemoglobin in all the participants as well as men (13.46 and 13.84 gr/dl, respectively) was less than people who did not experience falls (13.74 gr/dl, p=0.009 and 14.33 gr/dl, p=0.007, respectively). Based on logistic regression model, age of ≥75 (OR = 1.81), depression (OR = 1.84) and underlying diseases (OR = 1.2) played the most significant role in increasing falls. CONCLUSION: Results of the study demonstrated that there is no relationship between anemia and falls. However, after differentiating genders, decline in hemoglobin levels increased falls in the elderly men

Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and shigella Dysenteriae by analysis of 23s ribosomal DNA gene

Background: Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes contain signature structures which are unique for groups of organisms. Considering their great number in cells and their protected areas, they render ideal targets for specific nucleic acid probes. The present study aimed to investigate the capability of some specific regions of 23S rDNA gene as a DNA target for differentiation and screening of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella dysenteriae. Methods: Bacterial reference strains used in this study were E. coli, S. enterica and Sh. dysenteriae that were provided by the centers for microbial culture collection (CMCC) at Pasture Institute of Iran. DNA extraction was performed by boiling method. Alignment of the 23S rDNA sequences of bacterial species was performed by using AlignX (a component of Vector NTI Advance 11.0) and areas displaying sequence divergence among species were used for designing universal primers and individual bacteria specific probe. Findings: The universal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of each bacterial species showed bands of approximately 880 bp to be being equivalent to the fragment size of 23S rDNA gene. Different size bands of 23S rDNA probes were produced and included 228 bp for E. coli, 444 bp for S. enterica, and 776 bp for Sh. dysenteriae. Conclusion: Comparative sequence analysis of variable and specific regions of 23S rDNA genes among the studied bacterial species showed that we were able to amplify specific target among universal region for the detection of many enteric pathogenic bacteria