Giant Vascular Malformation in an Infant’s Hand

Medical Imag

Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in neonatal sepsis: a study from North India

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and continues to be a formidable problem for neonatologists and pediatricians world over.  Knowledge of microbial flora and their susceptibility will help us to decide empirical treatment for the neonatal sepsis. The objective of this study was to determine the bacteriological flora prevalent in NICU and the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern.Methods: The blood culture reports of all the neonates with culture proven neonatal sepsis during the period July 2010 to September 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. A retrospective review in tertiary care teaching medical college. The data was entered in Excel sheets and percentages of various outcomes were calculated.Results: A total of 28,927 babies were born during the study period and 336 among them had positive blood culture. The incidence of neonatal sepsis was 11.62 per 1,000 live births. Three hundred fifty- six microbes were isolated, out of which 50% presented as early onset sepsis and remaining as late onset sepsis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common organism encountered in both early (43.82%) and late onset sepsis (51.35%). Gram negative bacilli were sensitive to carbapenems (92%) followed by piperacillin-tazobactam (90%) whereas linezolid (90%) was most sensitive antimicrobial for gram positive cocci.Conclusions: Pseudomonas was most commonly isolated in both early and late onset sepsis.  Gram negative bacilli were most sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam and the carbapenems whereas linezolid and vancomycin were most effective against the gram-positive cocci. Resistance to third generation cephalosporins was rampant. Continuous surveillance for microbial flora, their antibiotic susceptibility, rational use of antibiotics and the strategy of antibiotic cycling may be of help to curtail emerging antimicrobial resistance

Urinary ascites in a preterm female neonate: a rare case report

Here we report a rare case of urinary ascites due to spontaneous bladder rupture in a preterm female neonate. The baby presented with respiratory distress, abdominal distension, anuria, and renal insufficiency. The diagnosis of bladder rupture was confirmed by peritoneal fluid aspiration with biochemical analysis and ultrasonography abdomen. The patient was managed successfully by establishing urinary outflow with indwelling Foley’s catheterization of the urinary bladder.Keywords: bladder rupture, neonate, urinary ascite

A review on distribution, properties, genetic organization, immobilisation and applications of urease

Urease, a nickel-containing metalloenzyme is getting remarkable attention due to a diverse range of applications for mankind. Urease plays a magnificent role in various field like agriculture, analytical, geological phenomena, beverage industry and is an important diagnostic tool. Urease is mainly present in bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates and its manifestation in specific genera may open new vistas for its taxonomic position. Various qualitative and quantitative assays are also reported for the estimation of urease enzyme. Urease based biosensors utilizing green synthesis on nanoparticles are also trending. Recently developed inhibitors against urease were discussed in the review. Inhibitory mechanisms involving the structural similarity of the substrate through modification or derivatization can also help in rational drug design by two possible competitive ways either by mimicking monodentate urea binding or binding as a tetrahedral intermediate. Immobilisation of urease through gel entrapment, using non-covalent and covalent protein tags, cross linkage, covalent bonding, using composite films, Teflon, co-precipitation and coating on nanoparticles is also reported. This review also comprised of various application of urease including enhancement of fertility in the soil, cell to cell organization, protection to predators, treatment of various bladder related diseases and infections, analysis of urea and heavy metal ions, biocementation, pollution control by bioleaching of heavy metals and making beverages urea and ethyl carbamate free. As researchers have a keen interest in urease enzyme at present, most of its aspects were incorporated in the article to make it helpful to the scientific community for further research related to the development of new inhibitors and add on applications of urease for the upliftment of the human as well as environment.

A Case of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Intracranial Sinus Thrombosis : Possible rare complications of childhood abdominal tuberculosis

Severe pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) complicated by deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in adults has been reported previously in the medical literature; however, childhood extrapulmonary TB complicated by DVT is rare. We report a 13-year-old girl who presented to the Department of Pediatrics at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences in Rohtak, India, in 2012 with abdominal TB complicated by DVT and intracranial sinus thrombosis. She was treated with a course of four antitubercular drugs and short-term anticoagulation therapy with a positive outcome over the next six months. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous reports have yet suggested a possible association between childhood TB and intracranial sinus thrombosis

Screening of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase inhibitors using computational approach

The detrimental effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has manifested itself as a global crisis. Currently, no specific treatment options are available for COVID-19, so therapeutic interventions to tackle the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection must be urgently established. Therefore, cohesive and multidimensional efforts are required to identify new therapies or investigate the efficacy of small molecules and existing drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Since the RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRP) of SARS-CoV-2 is a promising therapeutic target, this study addresses the identification of antiviral molecules that can specifically target SARS-CoV-2 RdRP. The computational approach of drug development was used to screen the antiviral molecules from two antiviral libraries (Life Chemicals [LC] and ASINEX) against RdRP. Here, we report six antiviral molecules (F3407-4105, F6523-2250, F6559-0746 from LC and BDG 33693278, BDG 33693315, LAS 34156196 from ASINEX), which show substantial interactions with key amino acid residues of the active site of SARS-CoV-2 RdRP and exhibit higher binding affinity (\u3e7.5 kcalmo

Childhood Morgagni hernia: report of two cases

Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia is a rare congenital anomaly to be seen in the pediatric age group. We are reporting two cases of Morgagni hernia, which presented with non-specific symptoms and posed a diagnostic dilemma. One of the patients was 10 years old and associated with asplenia and Down’s syndrome; the second case presented as isolated Morgagni hernia in an 8 month baby. The diagnosis was confirmed with radiography and computed chest tomography. Both cases were managed successfully with surgical repair of the diaphragmatic defect through trans-abdominal approach

Delayed presentation of congenital intrinsic duodenal obstruction in children with non-bilious vomiting: a diagnostic dilemma

The duodenum is described as the most common site of intestinal obstruction, classically presenting with bilious vomiting. Of the various categories described, congenital duodenal webs are reported as a rare cause of duodenal obstruction. The clinical features may vary depending on the size and location of the duodenal web. We are reporting 5 pediatric patients with delayed presentation of congenital intrinsic (type 1) duodenal obstruction. All patients presented with recurrent non-bilious vomiting and were misdiagnosed as gastroenteritis in other centers. The diagnosis was confirmed with upper gastrointestinal tract contrast studies. The patients were managed successfully with surgical intervention

Type 0 Spinal Muscular Atrophy in rare association with congenital contracture and generalized osteopenia: A Case Report

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMAs) is a group of rare autosomal recessive diseases in which there is degeneration of alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord leading to progressive distal motor weakness. Here we report a case of type 0 SMA in newborn with generalized osteopenia and bony deformity in form of unilateral club foot. It may be emphasized that  diagnosis of SMA should be kept in mind as a differential in cases of unexplained severe generalized hypotonia and severe respiratory compromise immediately after birth