1,240 research outputs found
Comment on Dutia et al. Limited Recovery of β-Cell Function After Gastric Bypass Despite Clinical Diabetes Remission. Diabetes 2014;63:1214â1223
The article in this issue of Diabetes by Dutia et al. (1) shows that in obese diabetic patients returning to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) after gastric bypass β-cell function appears to recover if evaluated through oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), but not if evaluated through isoglycemic glucose clamp. In fact, the plot indicating Îinsulin/Îglucose (insulin release [IR]) versus 1/homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (insulin sensitivity [IS]) grows during OGTT, but stays flat or moves right, indicating
NMR study of the Superconducting gap variation near the Mott transition in CsC
Former extensive studies of superconductivity in the \textit{A}C
compounds, where \textit{A} is an alkali, have led to consider that Bardeen
Cooper Schrieffer (BCS) electron-phonon pairing prevails in those compounds,
though the incidence of electronic Coulomb repulsion has been highly debated.
The discovery of two isomeric fulleride compounds CsC which
exhibit a transition with pressure from a Mott insulator (MI) to a
superconducting (SC) state clearly re-opens that question. Using pressure ()
as a single control parameter of the C balls lattice spacing, one can
now study the progressive evolution of the SC properties when the electronic
correlations are increased towards the critical pressure of the Mott
transition. We have used C and Cs NMR measurements on the cubic
phase A15-CsC just above kbar, where the SC
transition temperature displays a dome shape with decreasing cell
volume. From the dependence below of the nuclear spin lattice
relaxation rate we determine the electronic excitations in the
SC state, that is , the SC gap value. We find that
increases with decreasing towards , where decreases on the
SC dome, so that increases regularly upon approaching the
Mott transition. These results bring clear evidence that the increasing
correlations near the Mott transition are not significantly detrimental to SC.
They rather suggest that repulsive electron interactions might even reinforce
elecron-phonon SC, being then partly responsible for the large values,
as proposed by theoretical models taking the electronic correlations as a key
ingredient.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Supplemental Materia
NMR investigation of the pressure induced Mott transition to superconductivity in Cs3C60 isomeric compounds
The discovery in 1991 of high temperature superconductivity (SC) in A3C60
compounds, where A is an alkali ion, has been initially ascribed to a BCS
mechanism, with a weak incidence of electron correlations. However various
experimental evidences taken for compounds with distinct alkali content
established the interplay of strong correlations and Jahn Teller distortions of
the C60 ball. The importance of electronic correlations even in A3C60 has been
highlighted by the recent discovery of two expanded fulleride Cs3C60 isomeric
phases that are Mott insulators at ambient pressure. Both phases undergo a
pressure induced first order Mott transition to SC with a (p, T) phase diagram
displaying a dome shaped SC, a common situation encountered nowadays in
correlated electron systems. NMR experiments allowed us to establish that the
bipartite A15 phase displays N\'eel order at 47K, while magnetic freezing only
occurs at lower temperature in the fcc phase. NMR data do permit us to conclude
that well above the critical pressure, the singlet superconductivity found for
light alkalis is recovered. However deviations from BCS expectations linked
with electronic correlations are found near the Mott transition. So, although
SC involves an electron-phonon mechanism, correlations have a significant
incidence on the electronic properties, as had been anticipated from DMFT
calculations.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, invited at M2SHTSC Conference Washington (2012
Spin Dynamics at the Mott Transition and in the Metallic State of the Cs_{3}C_{60} Superconducting Phases
We present here ^{13}C and ^{133}Cs NMR spin lattice relaxation T_{1} data in
the A15 and fcc-Cs_{3}C_{60} phases for increasing hydrostatic pressure through
the transition at p_{c} from a Mott insulator to a superconductor. We evidence
that for p>> p_{c} the (T_{1}T)^{-1} data above T_{c} display metallic like
Korringa constant values which match quantitatively previous data taken on
other A_{3}C_{60} compounds. However below the pressure for which T_{c} goes
through a maximum, (T_{1}T)^{-1} is markedly increased with respect to the
Korringa values expected in a simple BCS scenario. This points out the
importance of electronic correlations near the Mott transition. For p > p_{c}
singular T dependences of (T_{1}T)^{-1} are detected for T >> T_{c}. It will be
shown that they can be ascribed to a large variation with temperature of the
Mott transition pressure p_{c} towards a liquid-gas like critical point, as
found at high T for usual Mott transitions.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, submitted to EP
Recovering Metallicity in A4C60: The Case of Monomeric Li4C60
The restoration of metallicity in the high-temperature, cubic phase of Li4C60
represents a remarkable feature for a member of the A4C60 family (A = alkali
metal), invariably found to be insulators. Structural and resonance technique
investigations on Li4C60 at T > 600 K, show that its fcc structure is
associated with a complete (4e) charge transfer to C60 and a sparsely populated
Fermi level. These findings not only emphasize the crucial role played by
lattice symmetry in fulleride transport properties, but also re-dimension the
role of Jahn-Teller effects in band structure determination. Moreover, they
suggest the present system as a potential precursor to a new class of
superconducting fullerides.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Pressure tuning of light-induced superconductivity in K3C60
Optical excitation at terahertz frequencies has emerged as an effective means
to manipulate complex solids dynamically. In the molecular solid K3C60,
coherent excitation of intramolecular vibrations was shown to transform the
high temperature metal into a non-equilibrium state with the optical
conductivity of a superconductor. Here we tune this effect with hydrostatic
pressure, and we find it to disappear around 0.3 GPa. Reduction with pressure
underscores the similarity with the equilibrium superconducting phase of K3C60,
in which a larger electronic bandwidth is detrimental for pairing. Crucially,
our observation excludes alternative interpretations based on a high-mobility
metallic phase. The pressure dependence also suggests that transient, incipient
superconductivity occurs far above the 150 K hypothesised previously, and
rather extends all the way to room temperature.Comment: 33 pages, 17 figures, 2 table
Characterisation of strontium-containing apatite-wollastonite porous scaffolds
Porous strontium-doped apatite-wollastonite scaffolds were evaluated as potential substitutes for enhanced bone regeneration and the prevention of peri-prosthetic infections.
Parent glasses of composition 35.5SiO2-7.1MgO-0.4CaF2-7.1P2O5-(49.9-x)CaO-xSrO mol%, where x = 0, 6.2, 12.5, 18.7, 24.9 or 37.4, were produced via the melt-quench route, ground and sieved <45 Οm. Porous scaffolds were obtained following the foam-replication method and heat-treated at 1050 °C for 2 h for controlled nucleation and growth of the crystal phases.
All six glasses produced were amorphous. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the formation of the calcium silicate phase strongly depended on the amount of strontium contained in the parent glass, linearly moving to higher temperatures with increasing strontium.
Morphological evaluation (scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography) proved that the obtained scaffold porosity, about 55 vol%, did not depend on the strontium content. X-ray diffraction showed that strontium preferentially substituted in apatite, while only higher strontium compositions formed a strontium magnesium calcium silicate phase. Compressive and biaxial flexural strength were both comparable to cancellous bone. Compositions containing 0 %, 6.2 % and 12.5 % strontium showed excellent apatite forming ability when submerged in simulated body fluid, which then decreased with increasing strontium for the three higher-strontium compositions.
Microbiological tests carried out on strontium-containing salts showed no effective antibacterial properties for strontium as a free element. Amongst the six strontium-containing glasses, only the 37.4 % strontium oxide glass showed antimicrobial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in broth dilution tests.
Proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of porous scaffolds were tested on human bone cells. No conclusive results were obtained for the G292 cell line. When scaffolds were tested with human primary mesenchymal stromal cells, an increase in DNA content was observed with increasing strontium, while enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and increased collagen production were found for low strontium compositions
Synthesis of the Aglycones of Pseudopterosins
The stereocontrolled and efficient syntheses of the aglycones of the potent anti-inflammatory pseudopterosins A-F and K-L have been achieved starting from convenient monoterpenic units and using a novel benzannulation protocol partially developed in or laboratories.
For the synthesis of the K-L compounds a completely substrate-controlled stereoselective route was devised starting from commercial isopulegol using a sequence of epoxidation and Lewis acid-promoted oxirane opening followed by benzannulation and Friedel-Crafts type sulphone displacement to generate the tricyclic structure of 3.2.1.13.
The route to pseudopterosins A-E started from (-)-citronellal and employed catalytic asymmetric reduction of , -unsaturated ester 8.2.1.5. After the formation of the aromatic ring, the second approach was convergent to the enantiomers of intermediates used in the first route. Oxidation with Fremy's salt led to the unstable aglycones of the natural compounds under mild conditions. (Fig. 3876A
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