Extração extracapsular modificada versus facoemulsificação endocapsular : eventos intra e no pós-operatórios imediato

Compararam-se os eventos clínicos e as variações da pressão intra-ocular (PIO) das técnicas facoemulsificação endocapsular e extração extracapsular com modificações, no intra e no pós-operatório imediato. A facoemulsificação resultou em menor edema corneano, menor desconforto ocular e menos intercorrências no pós-operatório em relação à extração extracapsular modificada. É imperativo que se faça o monitoramento da PIO no pós-operatório, uma vez que ela ocorreu na facoemulsificação, e o uso de hipotensores oculares, quando os valores da PIO ultrapassarem os limites aceitáveis.The clinical events and variations in intraocular pressure (IOP) that occur in endocapsular phacoemulsification technique were compared to the modified extracapsular extraction technique during the intraoperative and immediate postoperative periods. Phacoemulsification technique caused less corneal edema, less ocular discomfort and fewer postoperative complications than the modified extracapsular extraction technique. The observed increase in postoperative IOP, especially in the case of phacoemulsification, makes pressure monitoring mandatory, as well as the use of ocular hypotensive agents when the IOP exceeds acceptable limits

Weeds occurrence in areas submitted to distinct winter crops

In the Western Region of Brazil, it is usual to have two agricultural harvests in the same cropping season. Usually the first crop is soybean, followed by corn. In areas where corn is not planted due to a delayed harvest of soybean, farmers generally do not use winter crops. For these areas, the planting of winter oilseed crops aiming at the production of bio-fuels is one of the best alternatives; in addition, this would help in reducing the occurrence of weed species at the following summer crop. This study aimed to assessing the weed community in distinct winter crops post soybean crop, in terms of species composition, level of infestation and severity of occurrence. The following treatments were evaluated: agriculture under a no-till system with winter fallow, winter oilseed crops (crambe, radish, rapeseed) with no-till agriculture in the summer, and agriculture under a conventional tillage system with winter fallow. Phytosociological evaluations of all treatments were carried out 75 DAE of the oilseed crops, and the diversity indexes of Margalef, Menhinick, Simpson, and Shannon-Weiner were determined. Areas were also grouped by cluster analysis based on UPGMA applied at Jaccard's similarity matrix. Among the treatments with winter coverage, radish was the most efficient crop in suppressing the occurrence of weed species. The area with conventional tillage agriculture and winter fallow allowed for a higher occurrence of troublesome weeds. On the other hand, the area under fallow showed the highest absolute level of infestation. Overall, oilseed crops in the winter contribute to lower levels of infestation by weed species in these areas

Classification Of Blue Pen Ink Using Infrared Spectroscopy And Linear Discriminant Analysis

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy associated to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was employed to perform classification of blue pen ink according to types and brands, in a nondestructive way. To build a representative data set, blue pens of 3 types, namely ballpoint (5 brands), roller ball (2 brands) and gel (3 brands) were purchased from local dealers. Ten different pens, representing the best seller of each brand, were purchased, making a total of 100 pens. Circular areas were painted five times with each pen and spectra were taken in 2 different locations, using a Universal Attenuated Total Reflectance accessory (UATR), within the range of 4000 to 650cm-1. Three types of paper were employed: two brands of A4 sulfite paper (paper 1 and paper 2) and one recycled paper (paper 3). The genetic algorithm (GA), stepwise formulation (SW) and successive projections algorithm (SPA) were employed to select spectral variables employed in LDA. LDA models were built using the blue pen ink spectra obtained from paper 1. Three test sets were employed using the blue pen ink spectra obtained from papers 1, 2 and 3, in order to evaluate the influence of the paper on the predictions. The LDA models used to classify the pens according to their type (gel, rollerball and ballpoint) achieved a correct classification rate of 100% in the test set composed of blue pen ink spectra obtained from paper 1, using GA and SPA. Using SW, the rate achieved was 99.5%. For paper 2, SPA, GA and SW provided 100%, 97.3% and 93.8% of correct classification, respectively. For paper 3, SPA, GA and SW achieved a correct prediction rate of 100%, 100% and 94.9%, respectively. LDA models for classifications of pens according to their brand were 100% correct in their classification when the test set was composed of blue pen ink spectra obtained from papers 1 and 2. For the test set composed of blue pen ink spectra obtained from paper 3, LDA-SPA, LDA-GA and LDA-SW classified them correctly at 91.3%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The method developed was able to differentiate successfully all brands of pen used on each type of paper and could be a helpful tool for detection and confirmation of counterfeits in documents of legal importance. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.109122127Góngora, J.M.G., Maguregui, I., Alonso, R., Analytical methods for dating modern writing instrument inks on paper, Magdalena Ezcurra (2010) Forensic Sci. Int., 197, pp. 1-20Thanasoulias, N.C., Parisis, N.A., Evmiridis, N.P., Multivariate chemometrics for the forensic discrimination of blue ball-point pen inks based on their Vis spectra (2003) Forensic Sci. Int., 138, pp. 75-84Adam, C.D., Sherratt, S.L., Zholobenko, V.L., Classification and individualization of black ballpoint pen inks using principal component analysis of UV-vis absorption spectra (2008) Forensic Sci. 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