Milk and Byproducts Exports, Is It a Solution for Producers or a Problem for Consumers?

International Relations/Trade,

Das Verhältnis von Ethik und Recht. Für eine umfassende Interpretation der Moral Kants

It is difficult to find an unambiguous interpretation of the relationship between Kant’s Rechtslehre and Tugendlehre. This also seems apparent from the failure, among Kantian scholars, to identify such a common perspective. For this reason, my thesis argues that it is not possible to understand the relation between ethics and the right in Kant from a unique point of view, but only by adopting different perspectives will it be possible to analyze the numerous facets of this relationship and understand them. I have singled out three perspectives in my analysis: the metaethical and metajuridical perspective, which refers to Kantian moral thinking prior to the distinction between ethics and the right; the perspective of freedom, that is, the perspective of the different spheres in which human freedom fulfils itself; and finally, the perspective of the totality, that is, the communitarian dimension in which ethics and the right can realise themselves and their proper ends. On the one hand, by adopting these perspectives my analysis makes it possible to interpret the relation between ethics and right for Kant in terms of a co-implication in the difference. On the other hand, it provides a possibility to generally re-interpret Kantian morality, which shows itself to be permeated with a content of value: the value of humanity in every person. So the ground of Kantian morality is not duty per se, but the unconditional duty for respecting the absolute value of humanity. From this point of view, Kantian ethics and the right are defined as an ethics and a right for the respect of the person

Using the internet for data collection in business research

Abstrac

Analysis of Hypersonic Boundary Layer Turbulence by Means of Focused Laser Differential Interferometry

This thesis investigates a hypersonic turbulent boundary layer over a cone with cold walls and a sharp nose tip. The analyses include frequency spectra of density fluctuations up to a frequency of 10 MHz, as well as an analysis of their convection velocities, at multiple wall-normal locations inside the boundary layer and in the near field above it. Experimental measurements are obtained under Mach 7.4 and unit Reynolds number 4.2 · 10^6 m−1 in the free-piston driven High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel Göttingen (HEG), using the optical technique of Focused Laser Differential Interferometry (FLDI). A method is proposed to accurately measure the separation distance between the probes of multi-foci FLDI, to allow reliable measurements of convection velocities using cross-correlation between the signals. The method is based on the detection of a propagating weak blast wave generated by an electric spark, and is verified to have similar accuracy and precision than the method of directly imaging the beams, but exhibits increased flexibility. Convection velocities measured in the near field of the hypersonic boundary layer are in agreement with free stream data reported in the literature at similar Mach numbers. The measured frequency spectra of hypersonic turbulent boundary layer density fluctuations show regions with well-defined power laws typical for pressure fluctuations. These spectra are compared with Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) results for a conical turbulent boundary layer, calculated at the experimental test conditions. Direct comparisons are performed by simulating the FLDI response in the numeric flow field, by means of computational FLDI (cFLDI). The cFLDI algorithm is validated using the same blast wave measurements obtained when measuring the separation distance between FLDI probes. To that end, an analytic methodology is proposed to reconstruct the pressure waveform of the spherical blast wave, when detected with the straightline FLDI. Independence between the cFLDI algorithm and the reconstruction formulation allow the cFLDI code to be validated once the computational response of the reconstructed flow field and the experimental data that generated it are in agreement. The results of the direct comparison between the hypersonic turbulent conical boundary layer frequency spectra calculated with LES and experimentally probed in HEG are in reasonable agreement, once the bandwidth constraints of each are adequately considered. It is also verified that in the present case, in which the divergence of the FLDI beams in the probed region is small, the complex cFLDI algorithm may be substituted by a simple line integral of density variations in the numeric flow field, without significant losses. These observations offer a framework for practical numerical and experimental comparisons, which are necessary to validate simulations and turbulence models. The results of this thesis will help to overcome the current lack of experimental data concerning high-speed turbulent flows, especially at high frequencies

Distribución y uso de modelos 3D en la web: ¿estamos listos?

[EN] Digital technologies are now mature for producing high quality digital replicas of Cultural Heritage (CH) assets. The research results produced in the last decade ignitedan impressive evolution and consolidation of the technologies for acquiring high-quality digital three-dimensional (3D)models, encompassing both geometry and color. What remains still an open problem is how to deliver those data and related knowledge to our society. The web is nowadays the main channel for the dissemination of knowledge. Emerging commercial solutions for web-publishing of 3D data are consolidating and becoming a de-facto standard for many applications(e-commerce, industrial products, education, etc.).In this framework, CH is a very specific domain, requiring highly flexible solutions. Some recent experiences arepresented, aimed at providing a support to the archival of archaeological3Ddata, supporting web-based publishing of very high-resolution digitization results and finally enabling the documentation of complex restoration actions. All those examples have been recently implemented on the open-source 3D Heritage Online Presenter (3DHOP)platform, developed at CNR-ISTI[ES] Las tecnologías digitales estánahora maduraspara producir réplicas digitales de alta calidad de valores activos del patrimonio cultural (CH). Los resultados de la investigación producidos en la última década han mostrado una evolución impresionante y una consolidación de las tecnologías para la capturade modelos digitales tridimensionales (3D)de alta calidad, que abarcanla geometríay el color.Lo que queda aún por resolver estárelacionado con la forma de distribuirlos datos y el conocimiento relacionado conla sociedad. La web es hoy en día el principal canal utilizado para divulgarel conocimiento. Las soluciones comerciales nuevas relacionadas con la publicación en la red de datos en 3D se están consolidando y convirtiendo en un estándar de facto para muchas aplicaciones(comercio electrónico, productos industriales, educación, etc.). En este escenario, el patrimonio culturales un dominio muy específico, que requiere soluciones muyflexibles.Se presentan algunas experiencias recientes, destinadasa proporcionar un apoyo al archivo de los datos arqueológicos3D, la publicaciónwebde los resultados de digitalización de muy alta resoluciónque permitenfinalmente la documentación de trabajos de restauracióncomplejos. Todos estos ejemplos se han implementado recientemente en la plataforma 3D Heritage Online Presenter(3DHOP)de código abierto, desarrolladaen el CNR-ISTI.The research leading to these results has received funding from the EU 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 654119 (EC "PARTHENOS" project) and EU H2020 Programme (“EMOTIVE: EMOTIve Virtual cultural Experiences through personalized storytelling”, H2020-SC6-CULT-COOP-08-2016) under grant agreement no. 727188.Scopigno, R.; Callieri, M.; Dellepiane, M.; Ponchio, F.; Potenziani, M. (2017). Delivering and using 3D models on the web: are we ready?. Virtual Archaeology Review. 8(17):1-9. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2017.6405SWORD1981

Interactive Out-of-core Visualization of Very Large Landscapes on Commodity Graphics Platforms

We recently introduced an efficient technique for out-of-core rendering and management of large textured landscapes. The technique, called Batched Dynamic Adaptive Meshes (BDAM), is based on a paired tree structure: a tiled quadtree for texture data and a pair of bintrees of small triangular patches for the geometry. These small patches are TINs that are constructed and optimized off-line with high quality simplification and tristripping algorithms. Hierarchical view frustum culling and view-dependendent texture/geometry refinement is performed at each frame with a stateless traversal algorithm that renders a continuous adaptive terrain surface by assembling out of core data. Thanks to the batched CPU/GPU communication model, the proposed technique is not processor intensive and fully harnesses the power of current graphics hardware. This paper summarizes the method and discusses the results obtained in a virtual flythrough over a textured digital landscape derived from aerial imaging.21-2

Focused laser differential interferometry post-processing methodology for flowfields with circular symmetry

An analytic methodology is presented to reconstruct the pressure waveform of flowfields with circular symmetry from the phase shift detected with Focused Laser Differential Interferometry (FLDI). A weak blast wave generated by an electric spark in ambient air is investigated with the proposed approach. Values of separation distance between the differentiating foci of the FLDI dx of 76, 120, 175, and 252*10^(-6) m are employed to probe the flowfield at locations between 3 and 50 mm from the spark source. In a subset of these distances, reference measurements of peak pressure obtained with a surface pressure sensor indicate good agreement with the reconstructed data when small separation distances are used. Further analysis of FLDI reconstructed data is conducted using theoretical correlations for N-waves in terms of the distribution of pressure peak amplitude and compression phase as the wave front propagates. Agreement with theory is verified for all differentiation separation distances except the largest, for which peak pressure comparison shows a 10% loss of measured vs predicted value. A computational FLDI is employed to scrutinize the simplifying hypotheses supporting the waveform reconstruction approach. The direct comparison between experimental and computational FLDI output reveals additional discrepancies for intermediate dx values but very good agreement for the smallest dx. The proposed methodology is thus verified to be reasonable, upon appropriate minimization of the FLDI differentiation distance. A parametric analysis using computational FLDI indicates the adequate value of FLDI dx to be 20% or less of the flowfield characteristic length in terms of density gradient