Galhas e deformações em jambu (Spilanthes oleraceae)causadas por Tecaphora spilanthes (Ustilaginales) Galls and deformation on jambu (Spilanthes oleraceae) caused by Tecaphora spilanthes (Ustilaginales)

A planta herbácea jambú, pertencente à família Asteracea, conhecida por diferentes nomes populares, como agrião do Pará, erva maluca, botão de ouro, etc., é uma espécie nativa da Amazônia, bastante utilizada na culinária regional e, também, apresenta importância medicinal e inseticida tendo sido, por este motivo, introduzida em Botucatu, SP. Nesta Nota é relatada a primeira constatação do carvão Tecaphora spilanthes Freire & Vànky no Estado de São Paulo. A infecção pode causar severas perdas e reduzir a qualidade das plantas.<br>The herbaceous Asteraceae known by the name jambu and other common names is native to the Amazon region has been used and cultivated for culinary, medicinal, insecticidal and ornamental purposes. It is also used as spice for local food in Belém city, Pará State. The medicinal value of this plant has been known and it has been studied in cultivated plants in Botucatu county, São Paulo State. This is the first report of a smut (Tecaphora spilanthes Freire & Vànky) affetcting this plant in the São Paulo State. The smut causes losses and also reduced the quality of the plants

Restrictive respiratory sindrome in DM2 patients

Objectives: Respiratory involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is frequent. Respiratory insufficiency is, together with cardiac failure, the main cause of death in these patients. Reports on respiratory involvement in DM2 are limited. The aims of our study were to determine the frequency and severity of respiratory involvement and sleep apnoea in patients with DM2 compared to DM1. Methods: 20 patients with genetically determined DM2 (mean age 64.3 \ub1 8) and 40 patients with moderately severe age-matched DM1 (mean age 38.5 \ub1 11) were subjected to muscle strength assessment and: (1) subjective assessment of excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale-ESS); (2) spirometry and nocturnal polygraphy (PSG). Results: (1) 4 of 20 (20%) patients with DM2 and 12 of 40 (30%) patients with DM1 complained of daytime sleepiness; (2) 5 of 20 (25%) patients with DM2 and 14 patients with DM1 (35%) showed a restrictive respiratory impairment on respiratory function tests. Indication to nocturnal assisted ventilation (Bi-level) either due to nocturnal desaturation or sleep apnoeas was identified in 30% patients with DM1 subjected to PSG compared to 10% of patients with DM2 subjected to PSG. Conclusions: Although preliminary, our results indicate that respiratory involvement in DM2 is present and needs to be considered in patients with DM2 just like in DM1, because of the potentially treatable nature of the associated symptoms. Whether severity of respiratory involvement correlates with muscle impairment (MMRC) and disease duration needs to be further explored on a larger number of patients

Estabelecimento e multiplicação in vitro de brotos no processo de micropropagação de cultivares de bananeira (Musa spp.) Establishment and in vitro multiplication of banana (Musa spp.) cultivars with the use of PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone)

A banana (Musa spp.) é uma das frutas mais consumidas no mundo, e amplamente cultivada no Brasil, porém doenças como as sigatokas, negra e amarela, vêm reduzindo a sua produção. A disponibilização imediata de novas cultivares resistentes às principais doenças é limitada pela propagação convencional. A micropropagação é uma alternativa para a produção de mudas com qualidade fitossanitária e vegetativa, mas apresenta fatores que dificultam sua aplicação como a contaminação por fungos e bactérias, associada à oxidação dos explantes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi adaptar e/ou otimizar as etapas do processo de micropropagação para diferentes cultivares de bananeira, por meio do controle de oxidação, contaminação, e multiplicação de brotos, sendo utilizadas as cultivares Caipira (AAA), BRS Caprichosa (AAAB), Pacovan Ken (AAAB), Preciosa (AAAB), PV 03-76 (AAAB), Thap Maeo (AAB). No estudo foram utilizados o antibiótico sulfato de estreptomicina e o fungicida Opera® (BASF) visando reduzir a contaminação in vitro provocada por bactérias e fungos, além do anti-oxidante PVP (polivinilpirrolidona) para controlar a oxidação. Houve redução da contaminação com uso do sulfato de estreptomicina à concentração de 100 mg L-1 e da oxidação com PVP a 4 g L-1. Na fase de multiplicação de brotos, as cultivares apresentaram médias que variaram de 1,90 a 4,75 brotos/explante. A cultivar caipira (AAA) destacou-se das demais com a maior taxa de multiplicação de brotos após três subcultivos, média de 41,50 brotos por rizoma.<br>The banana (Musa spp) is one of the most consumed fruits in the world and is widely consumed in Brazil, but diseases such as yellow and black sigatoka have been reducing its production. The immediate availability of new cultivars resistant to major diseases is limited by conventional propagation. The micropropagation, is an alternative for the production of seedlings with phytosanitarium and vegetative quality, but presents factors that difficult its application such as contamination by fungi and bacteria, associated with oxidation of the explants. The objective of this work was to adapt and/or optimize the stages of the micropropagation of banana cultivars, through the control of oxidation, contamination, and multiplication of shoots. The cultivars used Caipira (AAA), BRS Caprichosa (AAAB), Pacovan Ken (AAAB), Preciosa (AAAB), PV 03-76 (AAAB), Thap Maeo (AAB) were subjected to different micropropagation stages. In the study we used the streptomycin sulfate antibiotic and fungicide Opera® (BASF) to reduce contamination in vitro caused by bacteria and fungi, besides the anti-oxidant PVP (polivinilpirrolidona) to control the oxidation. We found contamination reduction with the use of streptomycin sulfate in the concentration of 100 mg L-1 and of oxidation with PVP at 4 g L-1. At the stage of multiplication of shoots, the cultivates showed means ranging from 1,90 to 4,75 shoots / explant. The cultivate Caipira (AAA) stood out from the others with the highest rate of shoot multiplication after three subcultivations, 41,50 shoots per rhizome average