Requisitos para la elaboración de audiovisuales escolares

This paper discusses some of the factors involved in the creation of documentaries for teaching purposes. The production of audiovisual material is a complex task which highly depends on the technical resources available, quality standards required and prior audiovisual experience (Barroso, 1988). Our aim was to show the technical requirements, to examine the implementation of audiovisual techniques in the teaching of Science (for secundary students) and helping teachers who perceive the need to use the media as related to the cultural matrix of our societ

Estudio de intensidades para las series de fluorescencia inducidas por láser en los sistemas B-X de Na2 y Te2

Tesis doctoral inédita de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física Aplicada. Fecha de lectura: 24-11-200

Degradation of chlorophenoxy herbicides by coupled Fenton and biological oxidation

A combined treatment for the degradation of the chlorophenoxy herbicides 2,4-D and MCPA in water by means of Fenton and biological oxidation has been studied. The chemical oxidation step was necessary to achieve an efficient removal of these pollutants due to their toxicity and low biodegradability. Aqueous herbicide solutions (180 mg L−1) were subjected to Fenton oxidation upon different H2O2 doses (from the theoretical stoichiometric amount referred to initial COD to 20% of this value). The toxicity and biodegradability tests of the Fenton effluents suggested that the ones resulting upon treatment with 80% and 60% of stoichiometric H2O2 were the optimal for subsequent biological treatment dealing with 2,4-D and MCPA, respectively. These effluents were treated in a sequencing batch reactor achieving nearly 90% conversion of organic matter measured as CO

Removal of imidazolium-based ionic liquid by coupling Fenton and biological oxidation

In this work, we assessed the potential of combining Fenton´s reagent and biological oxidation for removing the imidazolium-based ionic liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EmimCl). Fenton-like oxidation was conducted at variable H2O2 doses from 20 to 100% the stoichiometric value as calculated from the theoretical chemical oxygen demand (COD). The stoichiometric H2O2 dose afforded Total Organic Carbon (TOC) conversion and COD removal of 50 and 62%, respectively. Identifying the reaction by-products formed at low hydrogen peroxide doses allowed a plausible pathway for EmimCl oxidation to be proposed. The effluents from Fenton-like oxidation at substoichiometric H2O2 doses were less ecotoxic and more biodegradable than was the parent ionic liquid. The effluent from Fenton-like oxidation with the 60% H2O2 dose (TOC conversion ≅ 41%, COD removal ≅ 31%) was subsequently subjected to an effective biological treatment that allowed complete removal of the starting compound, increased its ecotoxicity to a low–moderate level and rendered it acceptably biodegradable. Biological oxidation was performed in 8-h and 12-h cycles in a sequencing batch reactor. Combining Fenton and biological oxidation of EmimCl afforded TOC conversion and COD removal of around 90%The authors wish to thank Spain’s MINECO and the Madrid Regional Government for funding this work through Projects CTM2016-76564-R and S2013/MAE-2716, respectively

Strategies to evaluate biodegradability: Application to chlorinated herbicides

The biodegradability of nitrochlorinated (diuron and atrazine) and chlorophenoxy herbicides (2,4-D and MCPA) has been studied through several bioassays using different testing times and biomass/substrate ratios. A fast biodegradability test using unacclimated activated sludge yielded no biodegradation of the herbicides in 24 h. The inherent biodegradability test gave degradation percentages of around 20-30 % for the nitrochlorinated herbicides and almost complete removal of the chlorophenoxy compounds. Long-term biodegradability assays were performed using sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (SB-MBR). Fixed concentrations of each herbicide below the corresponding EC50 value for activated sludge were used (30 mg L-1 for diuron and atrazine and 50 mg L-1 for 2,4-D and MCPA). No signs of herbicide degradation appeared before 35 days in the case of diuron and atrazine and 21 days for 2,4-D, whereas MCPA was partially degraded since the early stages. Around 25-36 % degradation of the nitrochlorinated herbicides and 53-77 % of the chlorophenoxy ones was achieved after 180 and 135 days, respectively, in SBR, whereas complete disappearance of 2,4-D was reached after 80 days in SB-MBRAcknowledgments This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through the projects CTM2010-15682 and CTQ2008-03988. S Sanchis wishes to thank the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación for a research grant

Coupling Fenton and biological oxidation for the removal of nitrochlorinated herbicides from water

The combination of Fenton and biological oxidation for the removal of the nitrochlorinated herbicides alachlor, atrazine and diuron in aqueous solution has been studied. The H2O2 dose was varied from 20 to 100% of the stoichiometric amount related to the initial chemical oxygen demand (COD). The effluents from Fenton oxidation were analyzed for ecotoxicity, biodegradability, total organic carbon (TOC), COD and intermediate byproducts. The chemical step resulted in a significant improvement of the biodegradability in spite of its negligible or even slightly negative effect on the ecotoxicity. Working at 60% of the stoichiometric H2O2 dose allowed obtaining highly biodegradable effluents in the cases of alachlor and atrazine. That dose was even lower (40% of the stoichiometric) for diuron. The subsequent biological treatment was carried out in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the combined Fenton-biological treatment allowed up to around 80% of COD reductionThis work was supported by the Spanish MCINN through the projects CTM2010-15682 and CTQ2008-03988. S. Sanchis wishes to thank the MCINN for a research gran

Requirements for the development of school audiovisuals

En este trabajo se muestran algunos de los condicionantes que intervienen en la elaboración de documentales escolares. La producción de un material audiovisual es una tarea compleja que depende básicamente de los medios técnicos de los que se disponga, de los requisitos de calidad que se exijan y de los conocimientos que se manejen (Barroso, 1988). Nuestro objetivo es mostrar las técnicas audiovisuales en el desarrollo de contenidos educativos, analizar su aplicación en la enseñanza de la ciencia y facilitar el trabajo a aquellos profesores que perciban la necesidad de utilizar estos medios tan relacionados con el sustrato cultural de nuestra sociedad.This paper discusses some of the factors involved in the creation of documentaries for teaching purposes. The production of audiovisual material is a complex task which highly depends on the technical resources available, quality standards required and prior audiovisual experience (Barroso, 1988). Our aim was to show the technical requirements, to examine the implementation of audiovisual techniques in the teaching of Science (for secundary students) and helping teachers who perceive the need to use the media as related to the cultural matrix of our society

Requisitos para la elaboración de audiovisuales escolares

En este trabajo se muestran algunos de los condicionantes que intervienen en la elaboración de documentales escolares. La producción de un material audiovisual es una tarea compleja que depende básicamente de los medios técnicos de los que se disponga, de los requisitos de calidad que se exijan y de los conocimientos que se manejen (Barroso, 1988). Nuestro objetivo es mostrar las técnicas audiovisuales en el desarrollo de contenidos educativos, analizar su aplicación en la enseñanza de la ciencia y facilitar el trabajo a aquellos profesores que perciban la necesidad de utilizar estos medios tan relacionados con el sustrato cultural de nuestra sociedad.This paper discusses some of the factors involved in the creation of documentaries for teaching purposes. The production of audiovisual material is a complex task which highly depends on the technical resources available, quality standards required and prior audiovisual experience (Barroso, 1988). Our aim was to show the technical requirements, to examine the implementation of audiovisual techniques in the teaching of Science (for secundary students) and helping teachers who perceive the need to use the media as related to the cultural matrix of our society

Toxicity and inhibition assessment of ionic liquids by activated sludge

Toxicity of 13 ionic liquids (ILs) corresponding to different families were studied by inhibition respiration assays (15 min) using activated sludge. Toxicity increased as increasing the number of carbons in the alkyl-chain of imidazolium-based ILs, with EC50 values from 4.19 to 0.17 for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim][Cl]) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Omim][Cl]), respectively. An increase in toxicity was observed for aromatic-based ILs (pyridinium- and imidazolium-based ILs) due to the hydrophobic character of the head groups in comparison with linear structures as phosphonium and ammonium cations. Among to the anions studied fixing [Emim]+ as cation, [HSO4]- and [NTf2]- presented low EC50 values (0.34 mM and 1.69 mM, respectively) while [Cl]- and [EtSO4]- were considered harmless anions due to the hydrophilic character of chloride and the organic nature of [EtSO4]-. ILs toxicity/inhibition was determined by adding a biodegradable compound and measuring the sludge response after being in contact with the ILs for at least 15 h. The exposure of sewage sludge to ILs for more than 15 min used in short inhibition assays caused more toxic effect on microorganisms, even for [Choline][NTf2], previously defined as practically harmless (EC50 = 2.79 mM). Biodegradability assays confirmed the biodegradable nature of choline cation, related with TOC conversion of 40%, only due to cation consumption. No oxygen consumption or even lysis of microbial cells was observed for Tetrabutylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and for 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulphate due to the presence of anions previously defined as hazardous ([NTf2]- and [HSO4]-), maintaining their recalcitrant character to sewage systemsThe authors greatly appreciate financial support from MINECO , Spain ( CTM2016-76564-R ), Comunidad de Madrid , Spain (BIOTRES-CM, S2018/EMT-4344 ), and UAM-Santander , Spain ( CEAL-AL/2015-08 )

Herramientas de apoyo a la enseñanza y gestión administrativa en la Facultad de Geografía e Historia: hacia un sistema híbrido presencial-virtual (V Edición)

Con este Proyecto de Innovación y Mejora de la Calidad Docente, de carácter institucional, se pretende dar continuidad a la etapa de innovación y formación docente que se inició el pasado Curso 2018-2019 en la Facultad de Geografía e Historia de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, así como a las anteriores iniciativas de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia en materia de nuevas tecnologías. El objetivo de este proyecto, siguiendo la metodología de los cinco años anteriores, ha pretendido promover en la Facultad una formación en el ámbito de la innovación educativa y de las nuevas tecnologías basada en: (i) la formación del Profesorado, del Personal de Administración y Servicios, y de estudiantes del Centro y (ii) en el intercambio de experiencias innovadoras entre representantes de estos colectivos, para poder hacer uso de las mismas en su desempeño docente, administrativo y formativo, respectivamente. El Proyecto, dirigido por el Vicedecano de Innovación, Nuevas Tecnologías y Comunicación de la Facultad, se adecua a las líneas prioritarias de la convocatoria Innova-Gestión Calidad, puesto que ha servido para profundizar en la innovación y en la mejora de la calidad docente-investigadora a través de programas formativos que, en la actualidad, constituyen objetivos prioritarios de la Estrategia UCM2020 de Investigación.Fac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEsubmitte