A proteomic analysis of Curcuma comosa Roxb. rhizomes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The similarly in plant physiology and the difficulty of plant classification, in some medicinal plant species, especially plants of the Zingiberaceae family, are a major problem for pharmacologists, leading to mistaken use. To overcome this problem, the proteomic base method was used to study protein profiles of the plant model, Curcuma comosa Roxb., which is a member of the Zingiberaceae and has been used in traditional Thai medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of postpartum uterine bleeding.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Due to the complexity of protein extraction from this plant, microscale solution-phase isoelectric focusing (MicroSol-IEF) was used to enrich and improve the separation of Curcuma comosa rhizomes phenol-soluble proteins, prior to resolving and analyzing by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identification by tandem mass spectrometry. The protein patterns showed a high abundance of protein spots in the acidic range, including three lectin proteins. The metabolic and defense enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase, that are associated with antioxidant activity, were mainly found in the basic region. Furthermore, cysteine protease was found in this plant, as had been previously reported in other Zingiberaceae plants.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This report presents the protein profiles of the ginger plant, Curcuma comosa. Several interesting proteins were identified in this plant that may be used as a protein marker and aid in identifying plants of the Zingiberaceae family.</p

Discovery, isolation and structural characterization of cyclotides from Viola sumatrana miq

Cyclotides are cyclic peptides from plants in the Violaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Solanaceae families. They are sparsely distributed in most of these families, but appear to be ubiquitous in the Violaceae, having been found in every plant so far screened from this family. However, not all geographic regions have been examined and here we report the discovery of cyclotides from a Viola species from South-East Asia. Two novel cyclotides (Visu 1 and Visu 2) and two known cyclotides (kalata S and kalata B1) were identified in V. sumatrana. NMR studies revealed that kalata S and kalata B1 had similar secondary structures. Their biological activities were determined in cytotoxicity assays; both had similar cytotoxic activity and were more toxic to U87 cells compared with other cell lines. Overall, the study strongly supports the ubiquity of cyclotides in the Violaceae and adds to our understanding of their distribution and cytotoxic activity

Proteomics profiling of cholangiocarcinoma exosomes: A potential role of oncogenic protein transferring in cancer progression

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a common primary malignant tumor of bile duct epithelia, is highly prevalent in Asian countries and unresponsive to chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, a newly recognized biological entity for early diagnosis and treatment is highly needed. Exosomes are small membrane bound vesicles found in body fluids and released by most cell types including cancer cells. The vesicles contain specific subset of proteins and nucleic acids corresponding to cell types and play essential roles in pathophysiological processes. The present study aimed to assess the protein profiles of CCA-derived exosomes and their potential roles. We have isolated exosomes from CCA cells namely KKU-M213 and KKU-100 derived from Thai patients and their roles were investigated by incubation with normal human cholangiocyte (H69) cells. Exosomes were internalized into H69 cells and had no effects on viability or proliferation of the host cells. Interestingly, the exosomes from KKU-M213 cells only induced migration and invasion of H69 cells. Proteomic analysis of the exosomes from KKU-M213 cells disclosed multiple cancer related proteins that are not present in H69 exosomes. Consistent with the protein profile, treatment with KKU-M213 exosomes induced β-catenin and reduced E-cadherin expressions in H69 cells. Collectively, our results suggest that a direct cell-to-cell transfer of oncogenic proteins via exosomal pathway may be a novel mechanism for CCA progression and metastasis

Novi lizozim s antifungalnim svojstvima, izoliran iz sjemenki biljke Pithecellobium dulce

A protein of an apparent molecular mass of 14.4 kDa with antifungal activity was isolated from the seeds of Pithecellobium dulce using extraction with 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH=8.0), precipitation with 80 % ammonium sulfate, and bioassay purification via Resource Q anion exchange chromatography and Superdex 200 gel filtration chromatography. The purified protein was putatively identified by tandem mass spectrometry with Mascot database searching, with the partial amino acid sequences showing a high degree of similarity to chicken egg white lysozyme. This putative plant lysozyme expressed antifungal activity with a rather high thermal stability of up to 80 °C for 15 min (at pH=8.0). It exerted an antifungal action towards Macrophomina phaseolina but displayed no antifungal activity against two other isolates, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora and Fusarium avenaceum.Iz sjemenki biljke Pithecellobium dulce ekstrakcijom sa 100 mM Tris puferom (pH=8), zatim taloženjem pomoću 80 %-tnog amonijeva sulfata i pročišćavanjem anionsko-izmjenjivačkom Resource Q i gel-filtracijskom Superdex 200 kromatografijom izoliran je protein relativne molekularne mase od 14,4 kDa, koji ima antifungalna svojstva. Pročišćeni je protein identificiran pomoću tandemske spektrometrije masa, pri čemu je upotrijebljena baza podataka Mascot. Utvrđeno je da djelomična sekvencija aminokiselina ispitivanoga proteina izrazito nalikuje sekvenciji lizozima bjelanjka kokošjeg jajeta. Lizozim iz biljke imao je antifungalna svojstva i bio je stabilan pri pH=8 tijekom 15 minuta na temperaturama čak do 80 °C. Spriječio je rast plijesni Macrophomina phaseolina, ali ne i vrsta Phymtotrichopsis omnivora i Fusarium avenaceum

An alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of thermostable lectin protein from Archidendron jiringa Nielsen seeds

Inhibitors of α-glucosidase from natural resources that inhibit the digestion of carbohydrate polymers into monosaccharides in the gut are used in the treatment of insulin-independent diabetes mellitus type 2. Archidendron jiringa belongs to pea family of leguminous plants, some of which are a source of interesting bioactivities, including α-glucosidase inhibitory (GI) activity. A novel GI lectin was enriched from the seeds of the Djenkol bean, A. jiringa, to apparent homogeneity by 90% saturation ammonium sulfate precipitation and Con A-Sepharose affinity column chromatography. This lectin had an IC50 value for GI activity of 0.031 „b 0.02 mg/ml, an estimated molecular mass of 35.7 kDa, of which 15.8% was carbohydrate, was thermostable up to 80¢XC for 70 min, showed an optimum activity within the pH range of 8.0 to 10.0 and a high activity with some divalent cations such as copper (Cu2+) and high levels (50 to 100 mM) of zinc (Zn2+) and iron (Fe2+). The sequence of an internal 16 amino acid fragment of the protein showed 100% identity to the mannose-glucose specific lectin precursor of Dioclea guainensis. The GI lectin had a high specific interaction with α-glucosidase (affinity constant = 9.3773 „e 10-7 s-1, Ks = 0.0241 s-1, Ka = 2.39 „e 103 s-1M-1 and Kd = 0.0117 M).Key words: Archidendron jiringa, α-glucosidase inhibitors, lectin

Acemannan Used as an Implantable Biomaterial for Vital Pulp Therapy of Immature Permanent Teeth Induced Continued Root Formation

Direct pulp-capping, a vital pulp therapy, is used to protect and preserve pulp vitality by applying a biomaterial on the pulp exposure site. Acemannan, a polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera, induces osteodentin-bridge formation to cover the exposure site in vivo. We evaluated the effect of acemannan sponges on partial pulpotomized permanent teeth with caries or accident-induced pulp exposure (n = 50). After removing infected dentin and inflamed pulp tissue, the teeth were randomly divided into acemannan or control (mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) groups (n = 25). The teeth were examined immediately after treatment (baseline) and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups for clinical and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination. The three-dimensional tooth length and root apex area were simulated to determine treatment success. We found that the overall success rate in the acemannan and MTA groups from baseline to 12-month follow-up was 90.91% and 95.65%, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05). In the success teeth in both groups, the root length increased, and the apex area significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05), indicating continued root formation. Our results suggest that acemannan is a promising low-cost biomaterial for partial pulpotomy treatment for immature permanent teeth requiring vital pulp therapy

A Lysozyme with Antifungal Activity from Pithecellobium dulce Seeds

A protein of an apparent molecular mass of 14.4 kDa with antifungal activity was isolated from the seeds of Pithecellobium dulce using extraction with 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH=8.0), precipitation with 80 % ammonium sulfate, and bioassay purification via Resource Q anion exchange chromatography and Superdex 200 gel filtration chromatography. The purified protein was putatively identified by tandem mass spectrometry with Mascot database searching, with the partial amino acid sequences showing a high degree of similarity to chicken egg white lysozyme. This putative plant lysozyme expressed antifungal activity with a rather high thermal stability of up to 80 °C for 15 min (at pH=8.0). It exerted an antifungal action towards Macrophomina phaseolina but displayed no antifungal activity against two other isolates, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora and Fusarium avenaceum

Acemannan Induced Bone Regeneration in Lateral Sinus Augmentation Based on Cone Beam Computed Tomographic and Histopathological Evaluation

Acemannan, the major polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera, is biomaterial that has demonstrated osteoinductive effects in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect of acemannan sponges on bone formation in open-type sinus augmentation has not evaluated. Here, we report a case study using radiographic and histological analyses to investigate the effect of acemannan on bone formation after lateral sinus lift surgery. The case was a 57-year-old female patient with an atrophic left posterior maxilla who underwent lateral sinus lift using an acemannan sponge using the two-stage procedure. In the first stage, an acemannan sponge was inserted through the bony window and placed between the antral floor and the elevated sinus membrane. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken immediately as baseline and 6-month postoperation for evaluation. A bone core specimen was also obtained for histological examination at the time of implant placement. The histological results revealed new bone formation, and the CBCT images demonstrated increased alveolar bone height at 6-month postoperation. Our findings suggest that an acemannan sponge could be a biomaterial for inducing bone formation in sinus lift surgery

Acemannan increased bone surface, bone volume, and bone density in a calvarial defect model in skeletally-mature rats

Background/purpose: Acemannan, a β-(1-4)-acetylated polymannose extracted from Aloe vera gel, has been proposed as biomaterial for bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acemannan in calvarial defect healing. Materials and methods: Acemannan was processed to freeze-dried sponge form and disinfected by UV irradiation. Thirty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the in vivo study. Seven-mm diameter mid-calvarial defects were created and randomly allocated into blood clot control (C), acemannan 1 mg (A1), 2 mg (A2), 4 mg (A4), and 8 mg (A8) groups (n = 7). After four weeks, the calvarial specimens were subjected to microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histopathological analysis. Results: MicroCT revealed a significant increase in bone surface and bone volume in the A1 and A2 groups, and tissue mineral density in the A4 and A8 groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Histologically, the acemannan-treated groups had denser bone matrix compared with the control group. Conclusion: Acemannan is an effective bioactive agent for bone regeneration, enhancing bone growth as assayed in two- and three-dimensions.status: publishe