High Hopes and High Hurdles: The Early Development of the Washington D.C. Public School System, 1804-1862

In this history, I investigate the early development of Washington D.C.'s public schools. Between 1804 and 1862, the school system overcame a long period of failed hopes and underfunding to build a legitimate infrastructure for common schooling before the Civil War. The unique context of Washington D.C. affected the public schools, but themes central to 19th century urban education across the country also surface in the District. The progression of the system from charity schooling to universal education mirrored the development of other public school systems in the Northeast. The evolution of the language of educational advocacy in D.C., from calls for republican virtue to arguments for social reform, similarly correlated with national developments in public education. Outside of these similarities, however, the Southern nature of the District, the presence of national politicians, and the symbolic importance of the national capital, distinguished the experience of Washington's pre-1862 public schools

Multiple Storm Event Impacts on Epikarst Storage and Transport of Organic Soil Amendments in South-central Kentucky

The groundwater in agricultural karst areas, such as Kentucky’s Pennyroyal Plateau, is susceptible to contamination from organic soil amendments and pesticides. During 2011, water samples and geochemical data were collected every four hours before, during, and between storm events from a waterfall in Crumps Cave from January to September to track the transport and residence time of epikarst water and organic soil amendments during variable fl ow conditions. Geochemical data consisting of pH, specific conductivity, temperature, and discharge were collected continuously at 10-minute intervals, along with rainfall amounts. The changes in geochemistry indicate simultaneous storage and transport of meteoric water through epikarst pathways into the cave, with rapid transport of bacteria occurring through the conduits that bypass storage. Results indicate current best management practices in agricultural karst areas need to be revisited to incorporate areas that do not have surface runoff but where contaminants are transported by seepage into local aquifers

Spatial Variability of Manganese Oxide in Two Soilscapes: Upland-Lowland, and Riparian Buffer-Wetland Boundary- Wetland

Background: This research project describes the development of a quantitative measurement methodology to determine the concentration of manganese oxide (MnOx) in two soilscape positions (Upland- Lowland and Riparian Buffer-Wetland Boundary-Wetland). Methods: A reaction between the MnOx in the soil sample and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was initiated to determine the level of MnOx reactivity in the soil sample. Data was collected from four sites on Soilscape 1 (Upland, Lowland, and two sites between the Uplands and Lowlands); within each site, five soil profile depths and three sample replicates were measured which comprised a total of 60 samples. Additionally, data was collected from three sites on Soilscape 2 (Riparian Buffer-Wetland Boundary-Wetland), within each site, three soil profile depths and three sample replicates were measured which comprised a total of 27 samples. Measurements were collected and revalidated to assess the accuracy of the measurement protocol. Results: Analysis of data collected from the surface layers in Soilscape 1 indicated that the Lowland (Site 4) had the highest level of MnOx followed by Site 3 with the lowest value occurring at Site 2. A follow up, revalidation study of three of the four sites from the surface layers on Soilscape 1 indicated that the Lowland (Site 4) had the highest level followed by the Midslope (Site 3) with the lowest value occurring at the Upland (Site 1). Therefore, the revalidation study results matched two of the three sites from the initial study. Correspondingly, the data collected from the three sites from the surface layers on Soilscape 2 indicated that the Wetland Boundary had the highest level followed by Riparian Buffer with the lowest value occurring at Wetland. The revalidation study results matched the initial study for each of the three sites from the surface layers on Soilscape 2, which indicated that the Wetland Boundary had the highest level followed by the Riparian Buffer with the lowest value occurring at the Wetland. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to easily determine the spatial variability o f MnOx levels in soilscapes that range from Upland-Lowland and Riparian Buffer- Wetland Boundary-Wetland, and the movement of soluble MnOx ions within soilscapes by mass flow and/or diffusion processes. In soils with adequate levels of MnOx ions, the use of this methodology can assist in the delineation of the wetland boundary, which has both an economic and land-use importance to society, because of the importance of the ecological functions of wetland ecosystems

Mode Transitions in Hall Effect Thrusters

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106480/1/AIAA2013-4116.pd

A Rapid Assessment of Disaster Preparedness Needs and Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: This year has seen the emergence of two major crises, a significant increase in the frequency and severity of hurricanes and the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known as to how each of these two events have impacted the other. A rapid qualitative assessment was conducted to determine the impact of the pandemic on preparedness and response to natural disasters and the impact of past experiences with natural disasters in responding to the pandemic. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 representatives of 24 different community-based programs in southern Louisiana. Data were analyzed using procedures embedded in the Rapid Assessment Procedure-Informed Community Ethnography methodology, using techniques of immersion and crystallization and focused thematic analysis. Results: The pandemic has impacted the form and function of disaster preparedness, making it harder to plan for evacuations in the event of a hurricane. Specific concerns included being able to see people in person, providing food and other resources to residents who shelter in place, finding volunteers to assist in food distribution and other forms of disaster response, competing for funds to support disaster-related activities, developing new support infrastructures, and focusing on equity in disaster preparedness. However, several strengths based on disaster preparedness experience and capabilities were identified, including providing a framework for how to respond and adapt to COVID and integration of COVID response with their normal disaster preparedness activities. Conclusions: Although prior experience has enabled community-based organizations to respond to the pandemic, the pandemic is also creating new challenges to preparing for and responding to natural disasters

The Vehicle, 1962, Vol. 4

Vol. 4 Table of Contents The SearchLarry Pricepage 7 If We Should MeetPauline B. Smithpage 16 Sonnet No. 1Linda Campbellpage 17 SnowflakesPauline B. Smithpage 17 Encounter in the VoidEric Crookspage 18 symbolBen Polkpage 24 The Sound of SilenceJames Wilhelmpage 24 ColoursJean Ellen Danenbargerpage 26 vegetableBen Polkpage 27 The GiftJan Holstlawpage 29 The Tiled OvenRichard Glassonpage 30 This Lover Ever WeepsBen Polkpage 31 El DoradoPauline B. Smithpage 32 I\u27m SorryMary Jean Pitratpage 32 The WalkDavid Schwarzpage 33 The Twenty-Third ChannelBen Polkpage 34 After the PicnicLinda Campbellpage 35 SoliloquyJanice Brookspage 35 JulieMyra Edmanpage 36 Poems (1) (2)Gale Crousepage 40 Boardwalk at NightSheran Broadwaypage 41 SunsetPauline B. Smithpage 42 SummerC.E.M.page 42 It\u27s Spring AgainJanice Brookspage 43 Chinese SymbolsJean Ellen Danenbargerpage 43 Why Do You Wait?Gale Crousepage 44 seekerBen Polkpage 46 Poems (3) (4) (5)Gale Crousepage 47 Opposite AttractionsC.E.M.page 48 Illustrations for the winning short story and poemDouglas Koertgehttps://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1010/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, 1961, Vol. 3 no. 2

Vol. 3, No. 2 Table of Contents The Voting CattleLinda Kay Campbellpage 5 But For the Passage of TimeDon Shepardsonpage 14 LoveJon Woodspage 16 Infinite JourneyJames E. Martinpage 19 The Clover ChainRichard W. Blairpage 20 SnowballSusan Daughertypage 24 Sureness Is NeverDon Shepardsonpage 26 ConceptionChristine McCollpage 34 Comedy: Relief and GriefTom McPeakpage 35 The Unspoken WordChristine McCollpage 35 CharmBenjamin Polkpage 36 Screaming SpiderTom McPeakpage 39 Just Once in an Early SpringE.J.B.page 39 HummingbirdPauline B. Smithpage 40 Willow TreesPauline B. Smithpage 40 MaturityChristine McCollpage 41 The New YearLinda Campbellpage 41 The StormMary-Jean Pitratpage 42 Ebony IvoryJean Danenbargerpage 42 The Fireball MailAllen Engelbrightpage 43 ExpectationChristine McCollpage 44 CatastropheChristine McCollpage 44 SophisticationBenjamin Polkpage 45 On Playing BridgeMyrna Jo Handleypage 46 SonnetMignon Stricklandpage 48https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1009/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, 1961, Vol. 3 no. 2

Vol. 3, No. 2 Table of Contents The Voting CattleLinda Kay Campbellpage 5 But For the Passage of TimeDon Shepardsonpage 14 LoveJon Woodspage 16 Infinite JourneyJames E. Martinpage 19 The Clover ChainRichard W. Blairpage 20 SnowballSusan Daughertypage 24 Sureness Is NeverDon Shepardsonpage 26 ConceptionChristine McCollpage 34 Comedy: Relief and GriefTom McPeakpage 35 The Unspoken WordChristine McCollpage 35 CharmBenjamin Polkpage 36 Screaming SpiderTom McPeakpage 39 Just Once in an Early SpringE.J.B.page 39 HummingbirdPauline B. Smithpage 40 Willow TreesPauline B. Smithpage 40 MaturityChristine McCollpage 41 The New YearLinda Campbellpage 41 The StormMary-Jean Pitratpage 42 Ebony IvoryJean Danenbargerpage 42 The Fireball MailAllen Engelbrightpage 43 ExpectationChristine McCollpage 44 CatastropheChristine McCollpage 44 SophisticationBenjamin Polkpage 45 On Playing BridgeMyrna Jo Handleypage 46 SonnetMignon Stricklandpage 48https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1009/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, Spring 1993

1993 Commemorative Edition: Celebrating 35 Years Table of Contents The Vehicle Editors\u27 Lineagepage 5 Milestonespage 6 THE SIXTIES Coverspage 7 Editors\u27 Notespage 8 Sureness is Never - excerptDon Shepardsonpage 9 SophisticationBenjamin Polkpage 10 A SonnetMignon Stricklandpage 11 The Twenty-Third ChannelBen Polkpage 11 Opposite AttractionsC.E.M. (Christine McColl)page 12 John F. KennedyJoel E. Hendrickspage 13 The Girl on the White PonyLarry Gatespage 14 The TimesW.D.M. (William Moser)page 16 Home ThoughtsJane Careypage 17 1966Roger Zulaufpage 18 Nagging ThoughtJanet Andrewspage 18 THE SEVENTIES Coverspage 19 Editors\u27 Notespage 20 RevolutionsSteve Siegelpage 21 UntitledKristine Kirkhampage 23 The Arithmetic ProblemJanice Forbuspage 23 Willie Seeverson Threw a Worm at MeMary Pipekpage 24 a love poem (by approximation)Ted Baldwinpage 25 Night and Summer in Two WorldsBarry Smithpage 26 Story of a Teenage PickleTerry Louis Schultzpage 27 Danny Lonely, Danny WildDevin Brownpage 28 Always TomorrowMary McDanielpage 29 THE EIGHTIES Coverspage 31 Having ChildrenDevon Flesorpage 33 What is Unnatural Is Sometimes MagicAngelique Jenningspage 34 If My Father Were A Writer, He Would Still BuildAngelique Jenningspage 35 Photo AlbumPatrick Peterspage 36 Poet Born in Pearl HarborAngelique Jenningspage 37 The History of High School BasketballPatrick Peterspage 38 Banana BreadGail Bowerpage 39 Cover LetterBob Zordanipage 40 Home MoviesBob Zordanipage 41 MigrationPatrick Peterspage 42 THE NINETIES Ba, Ba, Black SheepVictoria Bennettpage 45 Daily LessonsJennifer Moropage 49 Folding My OwnLaurie Ann Malispage 51 About the Authorspage 53 Editors\u27 Notespage 56https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1062/thumbnail.jp