Morphologic and AFLP analysis of relationships between tulip species Tulipa biebersteiniana (Liliaceae)

In populations of four species of tulips (Tulipa biebersteiniana, T. patens, T. scytica and T. riparia) from the Volgograd, Kurgansk, Orenburg, and Chelyabinsk regions and the Republic of Bashkortostan, genetic diversity was studied by means of morphological and AFLP analysis. A morphological analysis of seven quantitative and two qualitative criteria was carried out. Three selective EcoRI/MseI primer pairs allowed one to genotype 81 individuals from 13 tulip populations with 87 loci. The low level of variability by AFLP loci were revealed in all species, including T. biebersteiniana (P = 20. 41%, UHe = 0. 075), T. patens (26. 97%, 0. 082), T. scytica (27. 53%, 0. 086), and T. riparia (27. 72%, 0. 096). According to the AMOVA results, the variability proportion that characterizes the differences between the four Tulip species was lower (FCT = 0. 235) than between populations within species (FST = 0. 439). Tulipa patens is well differentiated by means of Nei's distances, coordination, and analysis in the STRUCTURE program. An analysis in the STRUCTURE revealed four genetic groups of tulips that are not completely in accordance with the analyzed species. This acknowledges the presence of complicated genetic process in the tulip population. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

The chemistry of stabilised sulphonium ylides

The review is devoted to the chemistry of stabilised sulphonium ylides, i. e. ylides with substituents at the carbanionic carbon atom capable of delocalising its negative charge. The physical properties of compounds of this class are examined and the methods of synthesis of stabilised sulphonium ylides, their rearrangements, and their reactions with electrophiles and nucleophiles are described. The structures and reactivities of the complexes of stabilised sulphonium ylides with transition metals and their organometallic derivatives are considered. The practical applications of the stabilised sulphonium ylides are indicated. © 1981 IOP Publishing Ltd

The reactivity of 1, 3, 2-diheterophosphacyclanes containing a pentacoordinate phosphorus atom

Studies on the reactivity of λ5-1, 3, 2-diheterophosphacyclanes obtained during the last ten years are examined and described systematically. Data concerning new prototropic and elementotropic processes involving derivatives of pentacoordinate phosphorus are presented. Attention has been concentrated on the elucidation of the influence of the incorporation of a phosphorus(V) atom in the ring on the reactivity of phosphoranes in reactions of various types. The role of phosphorus(V) compounds as intermediates in reactions of phosphorus compounds involving different types of coordination of the phosphorus atom is demonstrated. © 1985 IOP Publishing Ltd

N-alkylation of dimethylaniline using 1,3,2-oxaphosphalenes

2,2,2-Trimethoxy-3,5-diphenyl-4-benzoyl-1,3,2-oxazaphospholene has alkylating properties toward dimethylaniline. © 1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation

System approach to development of professional competence of students and managers in project activity using acmeological technologies

This article examines the issue of developing the professional competence of students and managers with the use of acme logical technologies. The influence of acme logical technologies, which are used in professional-oriented creative projects, is regarded, considering its effect on the development of professional competence.Keywords: acmeological technologies, professional competenc

Structure of reaction products of acetoacetic ester p-dimethylaminoanil with trimethyl phosphite and Tri(dimethylamino)phosphine

Tri(dimethylamino)phosphine and trimethyl phosphite react with the p-dimethylaminoanil of acetoacetic ester to give 1:1 bipolar adducts with a P-N bond. © 1979 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Health in structure of values of the modern students

Обосновано понимание валеологической культуры, обобщены результаты микроопроса студентовThe understanding of valeological culture is proved, results of micropoll of students are generalize