Diagnosis del edificio de Les Casernes, Vilanova i la Geltrú

“Las Casernes” es un edificio declarado como Bien Cultural de Interés Local, construido entre 1751 y 1771 en la ciudad de Vilanova i la Geltrú, comarca del Garraf, a consecuencia indirecta del decreto de Nueva Planta, para funcionar como cuartel militar y albergar tropas. Originalmente no se acabó de construir el proyecto completo, y en el siglo XX pasó a manos del ayuntamiento, que en lugar de derribarlo como hicieron otros municipios, lo rehabilitó y cambió su uso para que fuese utilizado por la sociedad vilanovina. Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX fue objeto de diversas intervenciones, por lo que el edificio se encuentra actualmente con una alta complejidad constructiva y funcional, con diversas soluciones constructivas y programas, y numerosas disfunciones y patologías. En el marco del Convenio firmado por la Escola Politècnica Superior d’Edificació de Barcelona (EPSEB) de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) y el Ayuntamiento de Vilanova i la Geltrú, el edificio de “Les Casernes” ha sido uno de los propuestos para ser objeto de distintos trabajos de investigación que fuesen de utilidad para el municipio y para el territorio en general, en los ámbitos de la rehabilitación, la eficiencia energética, la sostenibilidad, el urbanismo o la geomática. El trabajo que aquí presentamos sobre el edificio de “les Casernes” tiene el objetivo de proporcionar una diagnosis completa y actualizada para, a partir de este trabajo, proponer una rehabilitación integral que contribuya al proceso de mejora y recuperación del patrimonio arquitectónico de Vilanova i la Geltrú. Para ello, se ha caracterizado e identificado adecuadamente el edificio para individualizarlo, describiendo su evolución histórica y atributos, se ha realizado un diagnóstico a modo de conocer sus disfunciones y con el que se han identificado 6 principales procesos patológicos en base a los cuales se proponen 3 líneas de intervención y diferentes consideraciones y recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones o intervenciones. La emergencia climática y los principios de sostenibilidad imponen la necesidad de repensar las ciudades y buscar mejorar los edificios antes que derribarlos y edificar obra nueva, además de conservar los bienes culturales para transmitir a las futuras generaciones el pasado e identidad propios. Es necesario generar intervenciones que rehabiliten y conserven no solo los bienes culturales sino también todo edificio existente que permita el mejoramiento del parque edificado, recurso capital que puede mejorar la habitabilidad de las zonas urbanas y fomentar el desarrollo económico y sostenible y la cohesión social, teniendo en cuenta que para ello la diagnosis es necesaria, estudiar cada caso de manera minuciosa y particularizada, caracterizando adecuadamente el objeto de estudio y su contexto e identificando su problemática para elaborar respuestas acordes a cada situación, puesto que las soluciones no son universales

Relation de ce qui s'est fait a la prise de Cartagene, sçituée aux Indes Espagnoles, par l'Escadre commandée par Mr. de Pointis

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

Analysis of the intratesticular control of spermatogenesis by ex-vivo approaching.

Spermatogenesis involves the realization of a particular genetic program which requires a specific environment ("niche"). Multiplication, differentiation and apoptosis of male germ cells are finely regulated by pituitary hormones (mainly LH and FSH), and by a complex network of factors originating from both the somatic cells and the germ cells of the testis. It is becoming clear that hormones and intra-testicular regulatory factors can compensate, at least in part, for the absence of some hormones or factors including FSH and LH or androgen receptors. Since, most of the growth factors, cytokines and neurotrophins produced within the testis are widely expressed in the organism, the attempts to understand their role in spermatogenesis by "classical" knock-out strategies have been often disappointing. Therefore an important aspect of our previous work was to settle and characterize carefully two systems of cocultures of testicular germ cells with somatic cells in bicameral chambers. For instance, we showed for the first time that the whole meiotic step could be performed in vitro in a mammalian species (the rat). Moreover, all our data indicate that our co-culture systems enable to highlight mechanisms pertinent to the physiological processes. Sperm parameters have been deteriorated considerably during the past 4-5 decades. There is now evidence that chemical exposure is at least partly responsible for these testicular diseases. If a large number of environmental pollutants are able to affect male fertility and to exert carcinogenic effects, their cellular and molecular mechanisms are still unidentified. The cultures in bicameral chambers that we settled can be used to study the effects of a toxicant when added in the basal compartment of the culture chamber, which appears relevant to the in vivo situation. Taken together our results indicate that our in vitro culture systems, which allow screening for the effect of biological activity of different physiological factors, can be also helpful to study that of any chemicals on both survival and multiplication/differentiation of somatic and/or spermatogenic cells on a relatively long time period

In vitro effects of simulated microgravity on Sertoli cell function

With the advent of space flights questions concerning the effects of microgravity (0G) on human reproductive physiology have received great attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of 0G on Sertoli cells. A Sertoli cell line from mouse testis (42GPA9) was analyzed for cytoskeletal and Sex Hormone Binding Globilin (SHBG) changes by immunohistochemistry, for antioxidant content by RT-PCR and for culture medium lactate concentrations by protein chemistry. Cells were cultured for 6, 24 and 48 h on a three-dimensional Random Positioning Machine (3D-RPM); static controls (1G) were positioned on the supporting frame. At the end of each experiment, cultured cells were either fixed in paraformaldehyde or lysed and RNA-extracted or used for culture medium lactate measurements as needed. At 0G, Sertoli cytoskeleton became disorganized, microtubules fragmented and SHBG undetectable already after 24 h, with alterations worsening by 48 h. It was evident that various antioxidant systems appreciably increased during the first 24 h but significantly decreased at 48 h. No changes occurred in the 1G samples. Initially, 0G seemed to disturb antioxidant pro- tection strategies allowing the testes to support sperm production, thus generating an aging-like state of oxidative stress. Lactate pro- duction at 0G slightly decreased after 24 h. Further experiments are needed in space to investigate upon steroidogenesis and germ cell differentiation within the testis, to rule out male infertility as a possible consequence, which could be a problem, as life expectancy increases.With the advent of space flights questions concerning the effects of microgravity (0G) on human reproductive physiology have 13 received great attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of 0G on Sertoli cells. A Sertoli cell line from mouse testis 14 (42GPA9) was analyzed for cytoskeletal and Sex Hormone Binding Globilin (SHBG) changes by immunohistochemistry, for antioxidant 15 content by RT-PCR and for culture medium lactate concentrations by protein chemistry. Cells were cultured for 6, 24 and 48 h on a 16 three-dimensional Random Positioning Machine (3D-RPM); static controls (1G) were positioned on the supporting frame. At the 17 end of each experiment, cultured cells were either fixed in paraformaldehyde or lysed and RNA-extracted or used for culture medium 18 lactate measurements as needed. At 0G, Sertoli cytoskeleton became disorganized, microtubules fragmented and SHBG undetectable 19 already after 24 h, with alterations worsening by 48 h. It was evident that various antioxidant systems appreciably increased during the 20 first 24 h but significantly decreased at 48 h. No changes occurred in the 1G samples. Initially, 0G seemed to disturb antioxidant pro- 21 tection strategies allowing the testes to support sperm production, thus generating an aging-like state of oxidative stress. Lactate pro- 22 duction at 0G slightly decreased after 24 h. Further experiments are needed in space to investigate upon steroidogenesis and germ 23 cell differentiation within the testis, to rule out male infertility as a possible consequence, which could be a problem, as life expectancy 24 increase

Relation de l'expedition de Carthagene, faite par les François en MDCXCVII

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

Nitric oxide and cyclic nucleotides: Their roles in junction dynamics and spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is a highly complicated process in which functional spermatozoa (haploid, 1n) are generated from primitive mitotic spermatogonia (diploid, 2n). This process involves the differentiation and transformation of several types of germ cells as spermatocytes and spermatids undergo meiosis and differentiation. Due to its sophistication and complexity, testis possesses intrinsic mechanisms to modulate and regulate different stages of germ cell development under the intimate and indirect cooperation with Sertoli and Leydig cells, respectively. Furthermore, developing germ cells must translocate from the basal to the apical (adluminal) compartment of the seminiferous epithelium. Thus, extensive junction restructuring must occur to assist germ cell movement. Within the seminiferous tubules, three principal types of junctions are found namely anchoring junctions, tight junctions, and gap junctions. Other less studied junctions are desmosome-like junctions and hemidesmosome junctions. With these varieties of junction types, testes are using different regulators to monitor junction turnover. Among the uncountable junction modulators, nitric oxide (NO) is a prominent candidate due to its versatility and extensive downstream network. NO is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Three traditional NOS, specified as endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS), and one testis-specific nNOS (TnNOS) are found in the testis. For these, eNOS and iNOS were recently shown to have putative junction regulation properties. More important, these two NOSs likely rely on the downstream soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP/protein kinase G signaling pathway to regulate the structural components at the tight junctions and adherens junctions in the testes. Apart from the involvement in junction regulation, NOS/NO also participates in controlling the levels of cytokines and hormones in the testes. On the other hand, NO is playing a unique role in modulating germ cell viability and development, and indirectly acting on some aspects of male infertility and testicular pathological conditions. Thus, NOS/NO bears an irreplaceable role in maintaining the homeostasis of the microenvironment in the seminiferous epithelium via its different downstream signaling pathways

Expression et localisation de la connexine 43, protéine constitutive des jonctions communicantes dans la spermatogenèse normale et altérée (analyse des effets délétères du lindane)

MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Reggae music within the cultural transit between Brazil and Jamaica in the 1970s

Esta pesquisa tem como intuito abordar os trânsitos culturais entre Brasil e Jamaica, em especial no que diz respeito à chegada do reggae no cenário musical brasileiro. Embora a relação entre Brasil e Jamaica seja o eixo central em torno do qual se desenvolveu este trabalho, há de se considerar a existência de eixos transversais sem os quais o eixo central não se constrói e não se sustenta. Esses eixos transversais são compostos por fatores inerentes às dinâmicas presentes no Atlântico Negro, que remontam à(s) diáspora(s), e cuja observação nos permite compreender a formação intercultural e transnacional que este trabalho buscou abarcar. Em um primeiro momento, é traçado um panorama do desenvolvimento histórico da música jamaicana, contemplando fatores de ordem sócio-político-cultural responsáveis por influenciar os gêneros musicais abordados. Em seguida, voltamos o olhar para o cenário brasileiro no decênio de 1970, apresentando o contexto cultural global ora vigente, ao examinar as circunstâncias que tornaram possível o processo de tradução cultural então iniciado. Para tanto, são acionados os conceitos de hibridismo cultural e transculturação, aplicados aos objetos culturais e processos de construção desses objetos, respectivamente, de forma que se procura ter em vista o caráter dinâmico e heterogêneo das variadas roupagens em que se apresentou a tradução cultural em pautaThis research aims to address the cultural transit between Brazil and Jamaica, especially regarding the arrival of reggae in the Brazilian musical scene. Although the connection between Brazil and Jamaica is the core axis around which this work has been developed, there are crosscutting keys of substantial importance that also must be taken into account. These crosscutting keys are composed by factors inherent to the dynamics existent in the black Atlantic, which date back to the diaspora(s), and which observation allows us to understand the intercultural and transnational formation this research aimed to cover. At a first moment, an outlook of the historical development of Jamaican music is traced, including the elements of socio-political and cultural character that influenced the musical genres addressed. Subsequently, there is an approach to the Brazilian scene in the 1970s, presenting the general cultural context then applicable, by examining the circumstances which became possible the cultural translation process then initialized. For this purpose, the concepts of cultural hybridity and transculturation are employed and applied to the cultural objects and to the processes of generation of these objects, so as to consider the dynamic and heterogeneous character of the multiple manners by which the cultural translation at stake has taken plac