Have We Forgotten K-12? The Need For Punitive Damages To Improve Title IX Enforcement

In the fall of 2000, the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review examined 129 public high schools in southwestern Pennsylvania to evaluate the region’s compliance with Title IX. The Tribune-Review promptly published the results, which were bleak. During the 1999–2000 academic year, two out of every three athletes were boys. Moreover, sixty-nine cents out of every dollar spent on school athletic programs went to boys, with the average school spending $493 on each male athlete and$350 on each female athlete. The individual results of two schools were especially troubling: Duquesne High School had only nine girls playing organized sports in 1999–2000; Clairton High School had only fifteen spots on just one female sports team—basketball. Finally, the survey noted that collegiate athletic programs had been recruiting significantly less in the region.6 As one college coach explained, even the area’s rare, exceptional athlete frequently struggled in the collegiate setting, since such athletes had never had the opportunity to become accustomed to competing against the same caliber of athletes when younger

Evaluation of industrial-arts curricula in certain colleges and universities in the United States

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

MULTI-SCALE MODELING OF HIGH-SHEAR GRANULATION

High shear wet granulation is a particle design process used to increase the size of a primary powder material through the addition of liquid binder. This thesis focuses on the multi-scale nature of high-shear granulation in order to understand behavior changes due to coupled consolidation and coalescence as well as operational changes that occur during the scale up of horizontal ploughshare mixer granulators. The methodology relied on a micro-scale model for coalescence, a meso-scale model to describe flow within the granulator and a macro-scale population balance to describe the whole system

Value of an Educational Program on Osteoporosis

Cooperative Extension helped initiate a community-based educational program on osteoporosis prevention and treatment. The program utilized a network of partners and coalitions. A team approach was taken in presenting the educational session, offered twice, and answering/discussing participant questions. Statistically significant differences were observed in the program participants\u27 reported knowledge of osteoporosis, taking of calcium supplements, eating of a calcium-rich diet, and performing weight-bearing exercises 1 month after the sessions as compared to prior. The results demonstrate that Cooperative Extension can play a leadership role in building partnerships that implement effective programs that improve the health behaviors of individuals and strengthen the community

Definition and classification for adverse events following spinal and peripheral joint manipulation and mobilization: A scoping review

INTRODUCTION Spinal and peripheral joint manipulation and mobilization are interventions used by many healthcare providers to manage musculoskeletal conditions. Although there are many reports of adverse events (or undesirable outcomes) following such interventions, there is no common definition for an adverse event or clarity on any severity classification. This impedes advances of patient safety initiatives and practice. This scoping review mapped the evidence of adverse event definitions and classification systems following spinal and peripheral joint manipulation and mobilization for musculoskeletal conditions in adults. METHODS An electronic search of the following databases was performed from inception to February 2021: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, AMED, ICL, PEDro, Cochrane Library, Open Grey and Open Theses and Dissertations. Studies including adults (18 to 65 years old) with a musculoskeletal condition receiving spinal or peripheral joint manipulation or mobilization and providing an adverse event definition and/or classification were included. All study designs of peer-reviewed publications were considered. Data from included studies were charted using a standardized data extraction form and synthesised using narrative analysis. RESULTS From 8248 identified studies, 98 were included in the final synthesis. A direct definition for an adverse event and/or classification system was provided in 69 studies, while 29 provided an indirect definition and/or classification system. The most common descriptors to define an adverse event were causality, symptom severity, onset and duration. Twenty-three studies that provided a classification system described only the end anchors (e.g., mild/minor and/or serious) of the classification while 26 described multiple categories (e.g., moderate, severe). CONCLUSION A vast array of terms, definition and classification systems were identified. There is no one common definition or classification for adverse events following spinal and peripheral joint manipulation and mobilization. Findings support the urgent need for consensus on the terms, definition and classification system for adverse events related to these interventions

Splenopancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with multiorgan metastasis in a northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon)

A 16-yr-old northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon) presented with a large, firm midcoelomic swelling. A complete blood count, survey radiographs, coelomic ultrasound, and fine needle aspirate of the mass were performed. Survey radiographs revealed a soft tissue opacity mass. Ultrasonographic examination confirmed the presence of the mass but could not aid in its visceral localization. After 2 weeks, the snake presented again because of continued anorexia and poor quality of life. Euthanasia was performed. Gross necropsy revealed a multilobulated mass attached to and effacing the splenopancreas. Histologically, the mass was composed of cuboidal to columnar neoplastic epithelial cells forming tubules surrounded by variable amounts of fibrovascular stroma. Histological examination and immunohistochemical staining of other tissues revealed local invasion in the subserosa and tunica muscularis of the stomach, metastasis within the liver, in the mesovarium, and an intravascular metastasis within the ventricle of the heart surrounded by a thrombus

Evaluation of Complementary-Alternative Medicine (CAM) questionnaire development for Indonesian clinical psychologists: a pilot study

This study aimed to evaluate questionnaire development to measure the knowledge of Complementary-Alternative Medicine (CAM), attitudes towards CAM, CAM experiences, and CAM educational needs of clinical psychologists in Indonesia. A 26-item questionnaire was developed through an extensive literature search. Data was obtained from provisional psychologists from the Master of Professional Clinical Psychology programs at two established public universities in urban areas of Indonesia. To validate the questionnaire, panel reviews by executive members of the Indonesian Clinical Psychology Association (ICPA), experts in health psychology, and experts in public health and CAM provided their professional judgements. The self-reporting questionnaire consisted of four scales including: knowledge of CAM (6 items), attitudes towards CAM (10 items), CAM experiences (4 items), and CAM educational needs (6 items). All scales, except CAM Experiences, were assessed on a 7-point Likert scale. Sixty provisional psychologists were eligible to complete the questionnaire with a response rate of 73% (N = 44). The results showed that the CAM questionnaire was reliable (Cronbach's coefficient alpha range = 0.62-0.96; item-total correlation range = 0.14-0.92) and demonstrated content validity. Following further psychometric evaluation, the CAM questionnaire may provide the evidence-based information to inform the education and practice of Indonesian clinical psychologists