Evolution of the Boolean function manipulation

Solving large systems of Boolean equations is a hard combinatorial problem. It can be greatly facilitated by preliminarily reducing the number of roots in separate equations which, in turn, leads to a reduction in the number of variables, equations and time complexity. This can have a significant effect upon the physical space and connectivity of electronic logic circuits when these are implemented using actual electronic devices or components. In this paper, we review various representation techniques, Boolean function manipulation issues and problems that are used in a practical design environment for digital systems design

A century of trends in adult human height

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5-22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3-19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8-144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3�6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55 of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017�and more than 80 in some low- and middle-income regions�was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing�and in some countries reversal�of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. © 2019, The Author(s)

Orthogonal array designs for the optimization of solid-phase extraction

10.1016/0021-9673(94)80153-3Journal of Chromatography A6772255-263JCRA

c-Jun promotes cellular survival by suppression of PTEN

10.1038/sj.cdd.4401946Cell Death and Differentiation142218-229CDDI

Randomized controlled study of mechanical percussion, diuresis, and inversion therapy to assist passage of lower pole renal calculi after shock wave lithotripsy

10.1016/j.urology.2004.12.045Urology6561070-1074URGY

Apelin attenuates Oxidative stress in human Adipocytes

Journal of Biological Chemistry28963763 - 377

U18666A, an intra-cellular cholesterol transport inhibitor, inhibits dengue virus entry and replication

10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.11.014Antiviral Research931191-198ARSR

A small molecule fusion inhibitor of dengue virus

10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.09.011Antiviral Research843260-266ARSR