Endodontic therapy in one session versus two sessions

El objetivo principal de la endodoncia el a eliminación de tejido pulpar y microorganismos dentro del sistema de conductos radiculares por medio de una preparación químico- mecánica y su posterior obturación que consiste en el sellado hermético del mismo para evitar su reinfección. Actualmente, se discute ampliamente si los objetivos de la terapia endodóntica son alcanzables en una o en dos sesiones con medicación intraconducto donde el hidróxido de calcio es uno de los medicamentos intraconductos que más se utiliza y esto se debe a las excelentes propiedades que posee. Hoy en día, se postula que la verdadera causa de fracaso de muchos tratamientos de conductos aparentemente correctos es la entidad infecciosa conocida como biofilm. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la evidencia radiográfica de la curación periapical después de un tratamiento de conducto realizado en una sola visita frente a dos visitas con una medicación intracanal con hidróxido de calcio.The main objective of endodontics is removing pulp tissue and microorganisms within the root canal system through a chemical mechanical preparation and subsequent sealing consisting hermetic sealing thereof to avoid reinfection. Currently, it is discussed whether the objectives of endodontic therapy are attainable in one or two sessions with intracanal medication where calcium hydroxide intraconductos is one of the most widely used drugs and this is due to the excellent properties it owns. Today, it is postulated that the true cause of failure of many treatments apparently correct conduit is infectious entity known as biofilm. The aim of this study was to compare the periapical radiographic evidence of healing after a root canal done in one visit versus two visits with intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide.Fil: Poetzl, María Paola. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Odontologí

The North Platte River Valley: The Intersectionality between Water Quality and People

The North Platte River (NPR) Valley of western Nebraska is a semi-arid watershed with row crop production, livestock production, and urban land use activity and has a population of diverse stakeholders. These land use activities contribute to the enrichment of surface waters, such as streams, which can affect human and ecosystem health, as well as economic development and recreational activities. The project objectives are to: (1) quantify the movement of dissolved inorganic nutrients from the land within the NPR Valley to the NPR via tributaries and canals, (2) identify spatiotemporal variability of nutrient limitation of periphyton growth within the NPR, and (3) explore the factors that are associated with the adoption of a web-based water quality monitoring tool. To address the first two objectives, I collected water samples and discharge measurements from canals, tributaries (streams leading back into the NPR), and the NPR from the Wyoming–Nebraska border every three weeks from June–September 2021; and I performed repeated nutrient limitation bioassays every three weeks at nine sites. I found that land use within the NPR Valley contributes to nutrient enrichment of the NPR and the subsequent export of nutrients downstream. Based on the lack of response of periphyton to the nutrient bioassays, it is likely that the nutrients coming from the watershed meet periphyton growth demands, except, perhaps, during the end of the growing season when some nutrient limitation of growth was detected. To meet the third objective, I created a survey tool to understand how attitudes, norms, and beliefs (latent variables) affect the use of a web-based water quality monitoring tool. Performance expectancy was the only significant predictor of behavioral intention for water users to use a web-based water quality monitoring tool. From a management perspective, these studies emphasize the need for better management of nutrient exports from the NPR Valley, but the incorporation of functional goals into the deployment of potential water quality tools to ensure high behavioral intention to use the tool. Advisor: Jessica Corma

Sound Static Deadlock Analysis for C/Pthreads (Extended Version)

We present a static deadlock analysis approach for C/pthreads. The design of our method has been guided by the requirement to analyse real-world code. Our approach is sound (i.e., misses no deadlocks) for programs that have defined behaviour according to the C standard, and precise enough to prove deadlock-freedom for a large number of programs. The method consists of a pipeline of several analyses that build on a new context- and thread-sensitive abstract interpretation framework. We further present a lightweight dependency analysis to identify statements relevant to deadlock analysis and thus speed up the overall analysis. In our experimental evaluation, we succeeded to prove deadlock-freedom for 262 programs from the Debian GNU/Linux distribution with in total 2.6 MLOC in less than 11 hours

Internationalizing U.S. Master’s Universities: Emerging Opportunities for Marketing Faculty

One of the faster growing sectors of higher education in the US over the past three decades has been the master’s university. Another fundamental trend over this period has been the consistent increase in expectations of students, parents and business employers that international experiences and competencies become part of the curriculum at the undergraduate level. Opportunities for marketing faculty from master’s universities to add international perspectives to marketing courses have expanded over the past decade. The growth and re-shaping of faculty grant programs such as the Rockefeller, Rotary and Fulbright grants reflect this opportunity. In particular, the U.S. Fulbright Commission and the bi-national Fulbright commissions have enhanced international opportunities for master’s university faculty, making them flexible and, thereby more accessible to faculty at institutions with significant teaching loads. In the last decade, traditional student scholarship programs as well as newer programs like the Gilman Scholarship, have focused on increasing international study among minority students, both on the part of traditional student international scholarship funders as well as the Gilman Scholarship program. Regional master’s institutions typically serve more diverse student bodies. Taken together, these trends argue for a review of the opportunities for internationalization in regional master’s campuses across the US. The increasing global mobility required of business graduates, the critical role of faculty in guiding students toward greater intercultural competence, and the development of more flexible grants, offers marketing faculty seeking to deepen the international focus of their courses a more powerful way forward. This paper reviews data supporting these trends—and examines the types of grants now offered by the German Fulbright Commission as an example of this expanding interest in flexibility, master’s level universities, and minority students

BAMBI -A transient 2D-MESFET model with general boundary conditions including Schottky and current controlled contacts

Boundary conditions using a current-dependent carrier recombination velocity distribution are developed for modelling Schottky contacts by computer-aided physical simulation. In addition, a boundary condition in the form of an abitrary linear combination of voltage and current at the contact is presented. Thus MESFET devices with simple circuits connected to device terminals can be simulated by solving additional equations. As an example the switching behaviour of a MESFET with a drain resistor is investigated

Compositional Verification of Compiler Optimisations on Relaxed Memory

This paper is about verifying program transformations on an axiomatic relaxed memory model of the kind used in C/C++ and Java. Relaxed models present particular challenges for verifying program transformations, because they generate many additional modes of interaction between code and context. For a block of code being transformed, we define a denotation from its behaviour in a set of representative contexts. Our denotation summarises interactions of the code block with the rest of the program both through local and global variables, and through subtle synchronisation effects due to relaxed memory. We can then prove that a transformation does not introduce new program behaviours by comparing the denotations of the code block before and after. Our approach is compositional: by examining only representative contexts, transformations are verified for any context. It is also fully abstract, meaning any valid transformation can be verified. We cover several tricky aspects of C/C++-style memory models, including release-acquire operations, sequentially consistent fences, and non-atomics. We also define a variant of our denotation that is finite at the cost of losing full abstraction. Based on this variant, we have implemented a prototype verification tool and ap

First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations at 230 GHz have now imaged polarized emission around the supermassive black hole in M87 on event-horizon scales. This polarized synchrotron radiation probes the structure of magnetic fields and the plasma properties near the black hole. Here we compare the resolved polarization structure observed by the EHT, along with simultaneous unresolved observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, to expectations from theoretical models. The low fractional linear polarization in the resolved image suggests that the polarization is scrambled on scales smaller than the EHT beam, which we attribute to Faraday rotation internal to the emission region. We estimate the average density n_{e} ~ 10^{4–7} cm^{−3}, magnetic field strength B ~ 1–30 G, and electron temperature T_{e} ~ (1–12) × 10^{10} K of the radiating plasma in a simple one-zone emission model. We show that the net azimuthal linear polarization pattern may result from organized, poloidal magnetic fields in the emission region. In a quantitative comparison with a large library of simulated polarimetric images from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, we identify a subset of physical models that can explain critical features of the polarimetric EHT observations while producing a relativistic jet of sufficient power. The consistent GRMHD models are all of magnetically arrested accretion disks, where near-horizon magnetic fields are dynamically important. We use the models to infer a mass accretion rate onto the black hole in M87 of (3–20) × 10^{−4} M⊙ yr^{−1}

Constraints on black-hole charges with the 2017 EHT observations of M87*

Our understanding of strong gravity near supermassive compact objects has recently improved thanks to the measurements made by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We use here the M87* shadow size to infer constraints on the physical charges of a large variety of nonrotating or rotating black holes. For example, we show that the quality of the measurements is already sufficient to rule out that M87* is a highly charged dilaton black hole. Similarly, when considering black holes with two physical and independent charges, we are able to exclude considerable regions of the space of parameters for the doubly-charged dilaton and the Sen black holes

Polarimetric Properties of Event Horizon Telescope Targets from ALMA

We present the results from a full polarization study carried out with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) during the first Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) campaign, which was conducted in 2017 April in the λ3 mm and λ1.3 mm bands, in concert with the Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA) and the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), respectively. We determine the polarization and Faraday properties of all VLBI targets, including Sgr A*, M87, and a dozen radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), in the two bands at several epochs in a time window of 10 days. We detect high linear polarization fractions (2%–15%) and large rotation measures (RM > 10^{3.3}–10^{5.5} rad m^{−2}), confirming the trends of previous AGN studies at millimeter wavelengths. We find that blazars are more strongly polarized than other AGNs in the sample, while exhibiting (on average) order-of-magnitude lower RM values, consistent with the AGN viewing angle unification scheme. For Sgr A* we report a mean RM of (−4.2 ± 0.3) × 10^{5} rad m^{−2} at 1.3 mm, consistent with measurements over the past decade and, for the first time, an RM of (–2.1 ± 0.1) × 10^{5} rad m^{−2} at 3 mm, suggesting that about half of the Faraday rotation at 1.3 mm may occur between the 3 mm photosphere and the 1.3 mm source. We also report the first unambiguous measurement of RM toward the M87 nucleus at millimeter wavelengths, which undergoes significant changes in magnitude and sign reversals on a one year timescale, spanning the range from −1.2 to 0.3 × 10^{5} rad m^{−2} at 3 mm and −4.1 to 1.5 × 10^{5} rad m^{−2} at 1.3 mm. Given this time variability, we argue that, unlike the case of Sgr A*, the RM in M87 does not provide an accurate estimate of the mass accretion rate onto the black hole. We put forward a two-component model, comprised of a variable compact region and a static extended region, that can simultaneously explain the polarimetric properties observed by both the EHT (on horizon scales) and ALMA (which observes the combined emission from both components). These measurements provide critical constraints for the calibration, analysis, and interpretation of simultaneously obtained VLBI data with the EHT and GMVA