Trajectory of the recognition of basic emotions in the neurodevelopment of children and its evaluation through the “recognition of Basic Emotions in Childhood” Test (REBEC)

The neurodevelopment of emotion recognition is critical to achieving an adequate Social Cognition. This ability is developed during the first years through primary social referents, and later peers are a source of training that facilitates insertion in social groups. Most of the emotion recognition tests used are based on reagents that use adult faces, which can be a problem when evaluating the ability to recognize basic emotions in children. The objective of the research was to study this ability in children, analyzing its incremental validity on the variables age, valence, gender and emotional category. The Recognition of Basic Emotions in Childhood Test (REBEC) was designed using 30 reagents based on faces of children expressing five basic emotions of different intensity (low, medium and high). The REBEC was administered to 214 children, between 6 and 12 years old. The maximum score was 30. The average (M) of correct answers was 19.86; with a standard deviation (SD) of ± 4.12. The study sample was divided into seven groups according to the level of schooling. The group of 12 years-old obtained the highest yield (M) 22.18 ± 4.12. The 6-years olds’ group obtained the lowest yield (M) of 17.78 ± 4.41. The (M) of hits in girls was 20.61 ± 3.91; being of (M) 19.24 ± 4.21 for children. The Emotion Happiness was the most recognized (M) 93.8%, followed by Anger (M) 75.1%, Sadness (M) 58.6%, Disgust (M) 56.3%, and Fear (M) 47, 4%, We analyzed the level of success according to age, configuring the trajectory of Neurodevelopment for each emotion, taking incorrect categorization of emotions into account: disgust, tended to be confused with Anger or Sadness. After obtaining the normative data of the REBEC Test and observing its psychometric properties and the sensitivity for the detection of the differences between groups, it is postulated as a valid and reliable instrument for the measurement of the facial expression abilities of the basic emotions in childhood

Motivación: metas, expectativas y valores-intereses en relación con el aprendizaje en adolescentes ecuatorianos: Resultados preliminares

The aim of this article is to analyze the motivations that adolescents have for their learning process, from the conception of goals, expectations and values-interests. The researchers relied on the theoretical references of Tapia (2005), Rohlfs Domínguez (2016) and Rabino Oliver and Serra Desfilis (2018), among others. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional field design. The population under study is made up of 540 adolescents, students from six schools in the city of Quito, who are in the eighth, ninth and tenth grades of higher basic education. The instrument used was an online questionnaire, answered by 75% of the population. Therefore, the sample was established at 405 adolescents. This study is included in a larger one that is under development, therefore the results that emerge from it will be of a preliminary nature. Once the questionnaire was applied and the corresponding analysis was conducted, it was possible to conclude that the motivation that mostly responds to the students’ learning is related to expectations with 77.5% (average), followed by values-interests with 61.3 % (average) and, in third place, motivation related to goals with 47.5%.El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la motivación desde la concepción de las metas, las expectativas y los valores-intereses que experimentan los adolescentes respecto al proceso de aprendizaje. Los investigadores se apoyaron en los referentes teóricos de Tapia (2005), Rohlfs Domínguez (2016) y Rabino Oliver y Serra Desfilis (2018), entre otros. Es un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, con un diseño de campo transeccional. La población está constituida por 540 adolescentes pertenecientes a seis instituciones escolares de la ciudad de Quito, cursantes del octavo, noveno y décimo grado de educación básica superior. Se utilizó como instrumento un cuestionario que fue enviado en línea y respondido por el 75 % de la población, por tanto, la muestra quedó establecida en 405 adolescentes. Este estudio está comprendido dentro de uno de mayor envergadura, el cual está en desarrollo; de manera que, los resultados que emerjan de este serán de carácter preliminar. Una vez aplicado el cuestionario y realizado el análisis correspondiente, se pudo evidenciar que la motivación que mayormente responde hacia el aprendizaje es la relacionada con las expectativas con un 77,5 % (promedio), le sigue valores-intereses con un 61,3 % (promedio) y, en tercer término, la motivación relacionada con metas con un 47,5 %