Review of Antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) in North Macedonia

We present the state of knowledge on the family Myrmeleontidae occurring in North Macedonia based on published records, museum specimens and new samples, and provide a comprehensive species list. North Macedonia represents only 3.9% of the area of the Balkan Peninsula but harbours 19 species belonging to 14 antlion genera, i.e., 61% of the peninsular fauna. We report collection localities, literature records and biological data for each species. Three species, Nemoleon poecilopterus, Neuroleon assimilis and Myrmeleon inconspicuus, are reported for the first time in North Macedonia. The genus Nemoleon Navás is also reported for the first time in the country

An animal model of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior

Basic and translational research provides the opportunity to evaluate variables that may be difficult to examine thoroughly with clinical populations. For example, practitioners report that problem behavior treated with differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) is often prone to treatment relapse. We sought to assess resurgence in the context of an animal model of a clinical DRA treatment with pigeons. In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that an animal model of a clinical DRA preparation produced a resurgence of a previously extinguished target response when extinguishing a more recently trained alternative response. In Experiment 2, we found that repeatedly reversing reinforcement and extinction contingencies between target and alternative responding tended to increase the likelihood of resurgence of target responding relative to no contingency reversals. The resurgence of target responding in both experiments is discussed in the context of developing novel animal models closely approximating applied conditions as a platform to assess manipulations relevant to designing better behavioral treatments for problem behavior