CO2 fluxes from karst soils into external atmosphere

CO2 fluxes from soils into external atmosphere were studied at selected sites of the Moravian Karst. CO2 escaping from soil surface was gathered in a special measuring chamber. From time evolution of the CO2 concentration in the chamber, CO2 fluxes and soil CO2 concentrations were calculated. Both the fluxes and concentrations showed strong seasonality at all sites with maximum during the spring-summer season and minimum during autumn-winter season. The maximum of CO2 fluxes and concentrations reached 6 × 10-6 mol.m-2.s-1 and 2000 ppmv, respectively. The CO2 fluxes were significantly affected by rainfall.CO2 fluxes from soils into external atmosphere were studied at selected sites of the Moravian Karst. CO2 escaping from soil surface was gathered in a special measuring chamber. From time evolution of the CO2 concentration in the chamber, CO2 fluxes and soil CO2 concentrations were calculated. Both the fluxes and concentrations showed strong seasonality at all sites with maximum during the spring-summer season and minimum during autumn-winter season. The maximum of CO2 fluxes and concentrations reached 6 × 10-6 mol.m-2.s-1 and 2000 ppmv, respectively. The CO2 fluxes were significantly affected by rainfall

Analýza účinnosti opatření na ochranu půdy a vody v pozemkových úpravách při povodních roku 2009

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Wind erosion on heavy-textured soils: calculation and mapping

The equation that expresses the influence of factors affecting soil aggregates breakdown, and thus wind erosion, originated from the results of laboratory simulations of soil aggregates breakdown due to low temperatures treatment, field measurements of air temperature and soil moisture, and statistical evaluation of gained outcomes. All the analyses, whether field or laboratory, were realized on three different soils from three different localities of the Bílé Karpaty Mountains foothills – Ostrožská Nová Ves, Blatnice pod Svatým Antonínkem, and Suchá Loz. The statistically significant factors, influencing the soil aggregates breakdown, were determined using multiple regression analysis and stepwise regression. Soil moisture content at time of freezing was the most significant factor affecting soil aggregates breakdown, content of soil particles < 0.01 mm was the least significant one. Based on the results of laboratory and field research there was created a map of heavy-textured soils that are vulnerable to wind erosion

Efficiency of soil and flood control measures in land consolidations

Land consolidations are an important instrument for implementation of erosion and flood control measures. Thanks to their poly-functional character, they also contribute to increase of ecological stability and aesthetic of landscape. Although the land consolidation process does not advance as quickly as requisite, it brings unquestionably positive results. One or more erosion and flood control measures are built in 17 % of cadastres with finished complex land consolidation. Land consolidation designs are supported by the state and the EU funds are used for the realization of protective and ecological measures. With the aim to evaluate real efficiency of implemented measures, research project QI92A012 has been started. This paper presents its method principles and particular results for one of the model cadastres – Lejčkov. Realized elements in Lejčkov were confronted with the plan of common facilities and critical analysis of the size, parameters, type and localization of elements was made with regard to their efficiency to keep the soil from surface erosion away in the long run, to decrease discharges and sediment transport in extreme precipitation events. We can state that erosion control measures in Lejčkov were designed and built well and they are suitable for the highland type of countryside

Land need assessment for the project of common facilities and its dependence

The project of common facilities is a very important part of the process of land arrangement. It helps to ensure a lot of public functions, for example permeability of landscape, to preserve fertility of soil, to decrease surface outflow and prevention from floods, the protection and production of environment etc. It is essential to ensure sufficient land area to be able to suggest and carry out such plans of common facilities. It will be more and more difficult to ensure this plan due to the fact that the state-owned land is still decreasing. In the areas where the state-owned land still exists, it could be possible to reserve the part of these areas for this objective. This study analyses projects of common facilities in 33 cadastral areas and series of another variable values with the aim to find or to exclude different dependences. It could also help to estimate the extent of reserve areas. The most of examined values did not show any dependence but some of the tested values show the certain dependence

Processing of proposals for land consolidation in the foothills conditions

Land consolidation, made pursuant to the Act No. 139/2002 Coll., have different variations and elaborateness according to specific conditions. The hilliness of the terrain, sloping, systems of transport connecting the plots, water in the landscape, the size of the plots and number of owners are the decisive factors for the preparation of the land consolidation. They influence the possibility of changes, decisions on the shapes of the plots, total difficulty in reaching the best situational layout and transport accessibility, reduction of erosion danger as well as incorporation of elements that increase the ecological stability of the plots of individual owners. The experience and knowledge collected during the implementation of land consolidation in the district of Ústí nad Orlicí provides the first opportunity to describe and evaluate the impact of specific conditions associated with the design and implementation of land consolidation in the different morphological, soil and climatic areas. The selected method was to compare some outputs of the land consolidation proposals as well as natural and other conditions of individual land consolidation from different cadastre territories of the Ústí nad Orlicí district, where the land consolidation has already been terminated or shall be terminated

Comparison of the Methods for LS Factor Calculation when Evaluating the Erosion Risk in a Small Agricultural Area Using the USLE Tool

In the projects of anti-erosion protection in the Czech Republic, USLE was used as a standard tool for evaluating the risk of water erosion. The precision of the resulting USLE values is defined by the quality of input data and algorithms used. Two methods for LS factor calculation are recommended for use in the planning practice in the Czech Republic: the computing method based on the USLE 2D software and the other computing methods. Various methods can assess the LS factor; however, their results differ. On the example of the Starovice – Hustopeče study area (Czech Republic), strongly threatened by erosion, this report aimed to show the differences brought using these differing methods of LS factor assessment, all in two variants before and after application of antierosion measures (retention grass belts, grassed thalweg). Changes in the calculation of the LS factor were directly reflected in the calculation of the long-term average soil loss by water erosion

Historical Changes in the Land Use Connected with Appropriation of Agricultural Land – Case Study of Cadastral Areas Dolní Věstonice and Modřice (Czech Republic)

The article focuses on the issue of agricultural soil sealing in the Dolní Věstonice and Modřice cadastres (South Moravian Region). Available data and map resources were used for this purpose (historical and up-to-date). Data was processed using manual digitalisation which helped to generate the needed map output. The decrease in area of agricultural land is analysed in individual periods starting in the year 1824 (source of data stable cadastre - the first half of the 19th century) until the present, and the sealing of different types of plots and soil kinds is assessed according to Evaluated Soil-Ecological Units (ESEU). In most cases, agricultural land sealing is associated with municipal expansion. To compare future development, potential (forthcoming) agricultural land sealing proposed within the valid landscape plans was also explored. Likewise, the overall price of sealed plots in both locations was calculated. The results show that there was a significant change in the use of both model territories between 1824 and the present. In Modřice, the area of the built-up area was changed from 16 ha (1824) to 409 ha (2016). The area of the site has expanded from 90% to agricultural land. The most significant change in this area is the development of builtup areas on agricultural land. In the model territory of Dolní Věstonice, the area of the built-up area increased from 16 ha (1824) to 48 ha (2016). The area of the site has expanded from 70% to agricultural land. Due to the construction of water reservoirs “Nové Mlýny”, the area of water bodies increased by 569 ha (during the period 1824- 2016). The water reservoirs occupy 65% of the cadastral area of Dolní Věstonice. The most significant change in landscape is the increase in water areas in Dolní Věstonice. Should this trend persist, an extensive reduction in agricultural soil and ensuing problems associated with sustainable agriculture, potentially also deficient food resources must be anticipated

Možnosti měření projevů vodní eroze objemovou kvantifikací erozních rýh

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