Evaluation of the Impact of the Climate on the State of the Pine Forest in Aukštaitija national park

Darbo objektas – Aukštaitijos nacionalinio parko Ažvinčių sengirės, Minčiagirio pušynai. Darbo tikslas – išaiškinti galimą klimato kaitos poveikį Aukštaitijos nacionalinio parko pušynų vidutinės defoliacijos kaitai. Darbo metodai – Medynams tirti panaudotas dendrometrinis tyrimų metodas, kurio esmė-matuoti ir tirti tam tikrą generalinės aibės dalį – atrankinę imtį. Aplinkos veiksnių poveikis nustatytas vienam iš pagrindinių medžių lajų kokybinių rodiklių – medžių lajų defoliacijos laipsniui, kuris vertintas pagal Tarptautinės miškų monitoringo programos metodikos reikalavimus (UN-ECE, 1994), išskyrus penkias defoliacijos klases. Meteorologinių veiksnių poveikis medžių lajų būklei nustatytas porinės koreliacinės analizės metodu, o pušų būklės modeliavimas atliktas daugialypės tiesinės regresinės analizės metodu, sukuriant defoliacijos daugialypius modelius, naudojant programinę įrangą „Statistika 6.0“. Sukurtų modelių reikšmingumui apibūdinti naudoti jų determinacijos koeficientai (r2) bei patikimumo lygmens (p) reikšmės. Darbo rezultatai – Atlikus tyrimus įvertintas klimato kaitos poveikis Aukštaitijos nacionalinio parko pušynų būklei ir gauti tokie rezultatai: Šiltėjantys žiemos ir rudens sezonai bei mažėjantys kritulių kiekiai šaltuoju laikotarpiu nulėmė pušų lajų defoliacijos mažėjimą. Temperatūros poveikis ypač ryškus brandžiuose medynuose, rudens sezono metu. Didesnė dirvožemio temperatūra rudenį taip pat teigiamai veikia pušų būklę, t.y. mažina defoliaciją. Pavasario viduryje (balandžio mėn), kai miškuose vis dar gausu nuo žiemos likusių kritulių (sniego), medynams naudingesnės aukštos temperatūros, o ne krituliai. Mažesnis vėjo greitis ramybės laikotarpiu teigiamai sąlygotų pušynų būklę Aukštaitijos NP. Klimato kaitos sąlygotas didesnis kritulių kiekis vegetacijos laikotarpiu ir aukštesnė oro temperatūra šaltuoju periodu ateityje, turėtų gerinti pušų būklę ateityje ir didinti jų atsparumą nepalankiems aplinkos veiksniams. Tik pradėjus didėti vėjo greičiui šaltuoju laikotarpiu ir kilti oro temperatūrai vegetacijos laikotarpiu pušų lajų būklė gali pablogėti. Raktažodžiai – nacionalinis parkas, klimato kaita, krituliai, temperatūra, dirvožemis, vėjo greitis.The subject of the research is Minčiagiris Pine Forest the Old Woods of Ažvinčiai, Aukštaitija National Park, Lithuania. The aim of the research is to explore the possible impact of climate changes on the fluctuation of the average defoliation of the pine forests in Aukštaitija National Park. Methodology of the research. To investigate forest stands, dendrometric method was used, the essence of which is to measure and investigate a certain part of the general set, i.e. selected sample. The environmental impact on one of the main qualitative indicators of tree foliage, i.e. the level of defoliation of tree foliage, was defined following the methodological requirements of the International Forest Monitoring Programme (UN-ECE, 1994), and five classes of defoliation were distinguished. The impact of meteorological factors on the state of tree foliage was defined using the method of pair correlation analysis. Modelling of the state of pines was performed with the help of multiple linear regression analysis by designing multiple models of defoliation using the software ‘Statistika 6.0’. To describe the significance of the models designed, the determination coefficients (r2) and meanings of reliability level (p) were used. Results of the research. The investigation evaluated the impact of climate changes on the state of the pine forests in Aukštaitija National Park and suggested the following results. The warmer winter and autumn seasons as well as the decreasing amounts of precipitation during the cold periods preconditioned the lower level of defoliation of pine foliage. The impact of temperature is pronounced on the mature tree stands in autumn in particular. The higher temperature of the soil in the autumn season also has a positive impact on the state of pines, i.e. decreases defoliation. In the middle of spring (in April) when there is still much snow in the forests, higher temperatures are more preferable to tree stands than precipitation. Lower wind speed during peace periods would also have a positive impact on the state of pine forests in Aukštaitija NP. Climate changes that precondition a bigger amount of precipitation during the period of vegetation and higher temperatures during the cold period should improve the state of pines in the future as well as increase their resistance to unfavourable environmental factors. However, the increased wind speed during the cold season and higher air temperature in the period of vegetation might cause a worse state of pine foliage. Key words: National Park, climate changes, precipitation, temperature, soil, wind speed.Žemės ūkio akademijaVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Student's physical activity in their daily life

Physical activity is one of the major factors of lifestyle strengthening physical capacity, health and wellbeing. Improving life conditions, technological advance make conditions for the individual to move less. Inactive student has lots of health problems, experiences inconvenience in his study process and becomes disabled and inactive employee in his professional and daily activities. It is important, therefore, to become physically active during the period of studies. The goal of the research: to assess physiotherapy students‘ physical activity in their daily life. Materials and methods: analysis of scientific literature, statistic and descriptive analysis. Results: 45 second-year physiotherapy students of Health Sciences faculty participated in the research. The main part of the respondents were the students of twenty, twenty- one year old and only a small part elder than 21 years old. The research was carried out under the permission of the head of KSC and following all principles of ethics. The participants who took part in the research were volunteers. The respondents were informed about the object and methods of it. Anonymity was guaranteed to them. Conclusions: Physical activity is the whole complex of active movements and actions which are performed by muscles and joints of certain intensity during a certain time. Physical activity improves physical and mental health, promotes blood circulation, metabolism and reduces the risk of developing various illnesses. Student‘s physical activity is high or moderate level of physical activity, as the students consume more than average of energy per week. The students, therefore, are physically active in their daily life. The students are engaged in moderate intensive physical work more often than in a very intensive physical activity

Kineziterapijos specialybės studentų fizinis aktyvumas kasdieniniame gyvenime

Physical activity is one of the major factors of lifestyle strengthening physical capacity, health and wellbeing. Improving life conditions, technological advance make conditions for the individual to move less. Inactive student has lots of health problems, experiences inconvenience in his study process and becomes disabled and inactive employee in his professional and daily activities. It is important, therefore, to become physically active during the period of studies. The goal of the research: to assess physiotherapy students‘ physical activity in their daily life. Materials and methods: analysis of scientific literature, statistic and descriptive analysis. Results: 45 second-year physiotherapy students of Health Sciences faculty participated in the research. The main part of the respondents were the students of twenty, twenty- one year old and only a small part elder than 21 years old. The research was carried out under the permission of the head of KSC and following all principles of ethics. The participants who took part in the research were volunteers. The respondents were informed about the object and methods of it. Anonymity was guaranteed to them. Conclusions: Physical activity is the whole complex of active movements and actions which are performed by muscles and joints of certain intensity during a certain time. Physical activity improves physical and mental health, promotes blood circulation, metabolism and reduces the risk of developing various illnesses. Student‘s physical activity is high or moderate level of physical activity, as the students consume more than average of energy per week. The students, therefore, are physically active in their daily life. The students are engaged in moderate intensive physical work more often than in a very intensive physical activity.Fizinis aktyvumas yra vienas svarbiausių veiksnių, stiprinančių fizinį žmogaus pajėgumą, sveikatą ir gerovę. Gerėjančios gyvenimo sąlygos, technologinė pažanga sudaro sąlygas žmogui mažiau judėti. Neaktyvus studentas gali turėti sveikatos problemų, patirti nepatogumą studijuodamas ir tapti nedarbingu, neaktyviu darbuotoju profesinėje bei kasdieninėje veikloje. Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti kineziterapijos specialybės studentų fizinį aktyvumą kasdieniniame gyvenime. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, statistinė ir aprašomoji duomenų analizės. Tyrimui atlikti buvo naudojamas standartizuotas IPAQ klausimynas, sudarytas iš šešių dalių. Rezultatai. Tyrimu nustatyta, kad dauguma respondentų užsiima vidutiniškai intensyvia fizine veikla 4–5 kartus per savaitę, labai intensyvia fizine veikla – nedidelė dalis respondentų. Didžioji dauguma respondentų nedidelius atstumus linkę įveikti motorinėmis transporto priemonėmis ir tik maža dalis respondentų savo veiklai naudoja dviratį, o vaikščioja pėsčiomis kiekvieną dieną. Kiek laiko respondentai praleidžia sėdėdami savaitgalį ir darbo dienomis, didesnių skirtumų nerasta. Respondentai sėdėdami praleidžia iki 5 valandų

Student's physical activity in their daily life

Physical activity is one of the major factors of lifestyle strengthening physical capacity, health and wellbeing. Improving life conditions, technological advance make conditions for the individual to move less. Inactive student has lots of health problems, experiences inconvenience in his study process and becomes disabled and inactive employee in his professional and daily activities. It is important, therefore, to become physically active during the period of studies. The goal of the research: to assess physiotherapy students‘ physical activity in their daily life. Materials and methods: analysis of scientific literature, statistic and descriptive analysis. Results: 45 second-year physiotherapy students of Health Sciences faculty participated in the research. The main part of the respondents were the students of twenty, twenty- one year old and only a small part elder than 21 years old. The research was carried out under the permission of the head of KSC and following all principles of ethics. The participants who took part in the research were volunteers. The respondents were informed about the object and methods of it. Anonymity was guaranteed to them. Conclusions: Physical activity is the whole complex of active movements and actions which are performed by muscles and joints of certain intensity during a certain time. Physical activity improves physical and mental health, promotes blood circulation, metabolism and reduces the risk of developing various illnesses. Student‘s physical activity is high or moderate level of physical activity, as the students consume more than average of energy per week. The students, therefore, are physically active in their daily life. The students are engaged in moderate intensive physical work more often than in a very intensive physical activity

Reaction of Scots pine crown condition to changes in air pollutants, acid deposition and meteorological parameters: cae studies in Lithuanian National parks

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Effect of meteorological parameters on Scots pine crown condition in Aukstaitija National Park

The Monitoring net of forest ecosystems in the least polluted areas of Lithuania was established during 1989-1992. The main aim of the study was to determine and predict the condition of Pine stands and their changes with respect to the regional variation of pollutant load and meteorology. Data on pine crown condition collected in Auk taitija National Park for 19 years allowed analysing key factors responsible for changes in forest conditions on a regional scale in Lithuania. Our earlier investigation revealed that defoliation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is closely related to air concentrations and wet deposition of acidifying compounds. In the present study we would like to check the hypothesis that meteorological parameters could reduce negative effect of acidifying compounds and improve pine condition under the rapid climate change condition. The obtained results revealed that spring and summer precipitation and mean winter temperature were shown to be the key factors affecting defoliation. High wind speed also deteriorated pine crown condition. Recent warmer winter and autumn seasons, increasing humidity of vegetation and decreasing wind speed over the dormant period should increase tolerance of pine trees to phytotocic affects of air pollutants including surface ozone and acid deposition in north-eastern part of Lithuania in the near futureVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Artemisia dubia augimas, derlius ir biomasės tinkamumas deginti

e-ISSN 2335-8947Daugelyje šiauresnių šalių padidėjo susidomėjimas žemės ūkio augalų biomasės naudojimu energijos tikslais, o tvariam naudojimui reikalingi kuo didesnio derlingumo ir tinkamos kokybės nauji augalai. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti Artemisia dubia Wall. biomasės derlių auginant vidutinio klimato sąlygomis ir biomasės savybes deginant. Augalai auginti giliau karbonatingame sekliai glėjiškame rudžemyje (RDg8-k2) netręšiant ir tręšiant mineralinėmis azoto trąšomis 90 ir 170 kg ha-1 N. Augalų augimas, derlius ir deginimui svarbios biomasės savybės vertinta antraisiais ir trečiaisiais augalų auginimo metais. Azoto trąšos šiek tiek didino augalų aukštį ir biomasės kaupimą, tačiau drėgmės kiekis biomasėje mažėjo lėčiau. Tręšiant azotu augalų biomasės antrųjų ar trečiųjų auginimo metų metinio derliaus esminio padidėjimo negauta, tačiau ir be tręšimo azotu gautas 15,8 iki 17,1 t ha-1 sausųjų medžiagų derlius lenkia vidutinius kitų augalų biomasės derlius. Tręšimas azotu esmingai didino azoto ir lignino kiekius biomasėje. Nepriklausomai nuo tręšimo, degimo proceso svarbių cheminių elementų anglies ir sieros vertės biomasėje kito nežymiai. Augalų netręšiant gautas gana nedidelis kiekis pelenų, o šilumingumas siekė 18,5 MJ kg-1. Siekiant išsamiau įvertinti daugiamečių kiečių biomasės derlių bei kokybinės sudėties vertes ir tręšimo įtaką, reikia papildomų tyrimųIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of agricultural biomass for energy purpose in many northern countries. This has created demand for novel, high biomass yielding, specific quality crops for sustainable use. The aim of the current study was to examine Artemisia dubia Wall. for biomass yield and biomass characteristics important for combustion in the temperate climate conditions. The crops were grown on an Endocalcari- Epihypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-p-w-can) without fertilization and with mineral nitrogen fertilization at 90 and 170 kg ha-1 N rates. Nitrogen fertilization slightly increased plant height and accumulation of biomass. Moisture content in the biomass of swards applied with a higher rate of mineral N decreased more slowly compared with the lower rate. Biomass annual yield in the second and third years ranged from 15.8 to 17.1 t ha-1; however, significant effect of nitrogen fertilization was not observed. Nitrogen fertilization had a significant influence on N content and lignin in the biomass. The variation of values of the elements relevant for combustion (carbon and sulphur) in the biomass was negligibly influenced by nitrogen fertilization. The relatively low ash content and heating value, amounting to 8.5 MJ kg-1 achieved even without nitrogen fertilization, makes A. dubia a promising energy crop in the northern part of the temperate climate zone. More studies and analyses on A. dubia are needed to ascertain the fertilization effect on biomass yield, biomass quality and biomass properties for combustion in senescent plantsLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centrasVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

The role of grass digestion in the circular bioeconomy

Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centrasVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Artemisia Dubia Wall. – A Novel Energy Crop for Temperate Climate Zone in Europe

In most northern countries the increased interest in the use of agricultural biomass for any energy purpose and novel crops with as high as possible yield of appropriate quality are required for sustainable cultivation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the productivity, chemical composition, drying parameters at Artemisia dubia Wall, in the temperate climate conditions. A. dubia was investigated on an Endocalcari-Epihypogleyic Cambisol. Three treatments (not fertilized, fertilized with mineral nitrogen fertilizers Nto and Ni») were replicated four times. Biomass yield, chemical composition and drying parameters were evaluated. Nitrogen fertilizers slightly increased plant height, but significant effect was not observed. The highest yield of A. dubia biomass was produced in the swards with mineral nitrogen fertilization at: a rate of 170 kg N ha."1 and had a significant influence on N content in A.duhia biomass. The values of important elements for combustion properties such as carbon and sulphur in the biomass varied little with or without N-lerfilizers. The moisture content of the biomass obtained at harvest time could be decreased to a safe moisture content by using ventilation. More studies and analyses on A.duhia are needed to ascertain the fertilization effect on biomass yield, biomass quality and biomass properties for combustionLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centrasVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Daugiamečių miglinių žolių ir pavėsinių kiečių biomasė termocheminei konversijai

Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialas Žemdirbystės institutasLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialas žemdirbystės institutasVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij