PRIMJENA KEMOMETRIKE I SPEKTROSKOPIJE U BLISKOM INFRACRVENOM PODRUČJU UZ REFLEKSIJU ZA RAZLIKOVANJE MESA PERADI I PREDVIĐANJE SADRŽAJA KOLESTEROLA

Four calibrations were made for cholesterol content in poultry meat (breasts and legs from chickens, cockerels, capons, and breasts and legs from geese). Standard uncertainties expressed as SECV (%, relative) for chickens, cockerels and capons were 9.2 for breasts and 7.8 for legs. These values for geese were 8.4 and 9.0, respectively. The discriminant method with the highest predictive ability, based on residuals RMSX Residents, was used to classify the samples. Classification accuracy values were good and ranged, on average, from 96.8% to 98%. The NIRS calibrations on cholesterol content in the breast and leg meat of chickens, capons, cockerels, as well as in the breast and leg meat of geese, are suitable for rapid routine analyses to use in practice.Provedene su četiri kalibracije za sadržaj kolesterola u mesu peradi (prsa i bataci pilića, pijetlića, kopuna i gusaka). Standardne kolebljivosti izražene kao SECV (Standardna pogreška rotirajuće procjene) (%, relativno) za piliće, pijetliće i kopune bile su 9,2 za prsa i 7,8 za batake. Te su vrijednosti za guske iznosile 8,4 odnosno 9,0. Metoda diskriminacije s najvećom mogućnošću predviđanja na temelju RMSX Residents korištena je za klasificiranje uzoraka. Vrijednosti točnosti klasifikacije bile su dobre i kretale su se, uglavnom, od 96,8% do 98%. Kalibracije NIRS za sadržaj kolesterola u mesu prsa i bataka pilića, kopuna, pijetlića kao i mesu prsa i bataka gusaka dobre su za brzu rutinsku analizu u praksi

Regiony osadnicze na terenach polski w młodszej fazie górnego i początkach schyłkowego paleolitu na tle osadnictwa środkowoeuropejskiego

Praca dotyczy porównania rozprzestrzenienia osadnictwa graweckiego i magdaleńskiego na ziemiach polskich. Część eksploatowanych terytoriów ściśle się zazębia, zaobserwowano też różnice. Przesuwanie się osadnictwa graweckiego na wschód związane było ze zmianami klimatycznymi w początkach II pleniglacjału ostatniego zlodowacenia (LGM). Osadnictwo magdaleńskie rozprzestrzeniło się bardzo szybko, zajmując tereny ziem polskich aż po wschodnie granice swojego zasięgu. Struktura osadnicza obu kultur jest odmienna

Variability of the Lithic Raw Material in the Upper and Late Palaeolithic sites in Southeastern Poland

In terms of supply of good quality raw materials for stone tool manufacture, the area of southeastern Poland is rather poor. Considering research conducted so far, there are only few sites that can be the basis for analysis. Nevertheless, certain phenomena seem to be characteristic on sites in southeastern Poland in the later phase of the Upper Palaeolithic and in the Late Palaeolithic. There are usually more than one kind of raw material present. Apart from local erratic flint, imported Świeciechów (grey white-spotted) and ‘chocolate’ flint dominate. The presence of both Jurassic (areas near Cracow) and Volhynian flints are poorly recorded, whereas resources from the south are almost absent. These imported raw materials indicate the existence of particularly strong relations linking the areas of southeastern Poland with the Sandomierz Upland, and much weaker relationships with the territories of Lesser Poland and Western Ukrain

A new hybrid porphyrin-heteropolyacid material : synthesis, characterization and investigation as catalyst in Baeyer-Villiger oxidation : synergistic effect

A new tetraphenylporphyrin-tungstophosphoric acid hybrid was synthesized and physico-chemically characterized by different techniques. This hybrid, its molybdenum analogue, tungstophosphoric and molybdophosphoric acids as well as their Mn, Fe and Co salts were applied in Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone to caprolactone with molecular oxygen. Due to the synergistic effect porphyrin-heteropolyacid hybrids exhibit similar catalytic activity as appropriate heteropoly salts and much higher activity than parent heteropolyacids

Simple hybrids based on Mo or W oxides and diamines : structure determination and catalytic properties

Crystalline hybrid catalysts based on molybdenum or tungsten oxide and aliphatic diamines were synthesized via simple, ecofriendly reproducible methodologies, starting from commercially available and relatively inexpensive organic and inorganic precursors, and using water as solvent under mild conditions. The crystal structures of the obtained fine powdered solids were solved ab initio from powder X-ray diffraction data. The type of organic component (1,2-diaminoethane, 1,2-diaminopropane, 1,3-diaminopropane) may play a structure-directing role. On the other hand, different metals (M = Mo, W) may lead to isostructural one-dimensional hybrids of the type MO3(L) with the same bidentate diamine ligand L. The prepared catalysts were investigated for the liquid phase oxidation of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons (cis-cyclooctene, cyclooctane), using different types of oxidants (O2, H2O2, tert-butyl hydroperoxide). Differences in catalytic performances associated withdistinct structural features were investigated.publishe