Od edukacji specjalnej do edukacji inkluzyjnej- przemiany w procesie kształcenia uczniów niesłyszących: -

The paper deals with problems in the process of educating deaf pupils. In the face of systemic changes and discussions among representatives of the scientific community and practitioners in the social sciences about an education model for deaf pupils, a system-based triad was established: special education–integrated education–inclusive educa- tion, within which attempts are made to reach solutions that would be beneficial to all of the actors involved in these processes. The analy- sis presents an evaluation of each of the educational systems, not only of experts from among hearing people, but also of hearing parents and those most concerned with their education, i.e., deaf people. The changes presented in this paper and related to the process of educating deaf pupils indicate a broad context of determinants in the implementation of the triad system.Artykuł porusza problematykę procesu kształcenia uczniów niesłyszą- cych. W obliczu systemowych zmian i dyskusji przedstawicieli świata nauki oraz praktyków z obszaru nauk społecznych na temat modelu edukacji uczniów niesłyszących doszło do utworzenia systemowej triady: kształcenie specjalne – kształcenie integracyjne – edukacja włączająca, w obrębie której próbuje się uzyskać korzystne rozwiązania dla wszystkich podmiotów niniejszych procesów. W podjętej analizie zaprezentowano ocenę każdego z systemów kształcenia nie tylko ze strony ekspertów ze środowiska osób słyszących, ale również opinie rodziców słyszących i samych zainteresowanych swoim kształceniem, czyli osób niesłyszących. Zaprezentowane w artykule przemiany doty- czące procesu kształcenia uczniów niesłyszących wskazują na szeroki kontekst uwarunkowań związanych z wdrażaniem systemowej triady

Imbalance between Th17 and regulatory T-cells in systemic lupus erythematosus

Impaired function of regulatory T-cells (Treg) leads to a failure in immune tolerance and triggers autoimmunity. We analyzed whether the deficiency in Treg in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is accompanied by an increase in effector T-cell responses. We studied the frequencies of IL-17A (Th17) and IFNg (Th1) producing CD4+ T-cells by flow cytometric detection of intracellular cytokines in PMA/ionomycin stimulated blood lymphocytes from seven patients with active SLE, eight with SLE in remission, and 11 healthy controls. Circulating Treg were evaluated as CD4+CD25+ lymphocytes expressing FoxP3. There was no difference in the percentage of Treg cells between the groups, but their absolute counts were decreased in active SLE (5 [1&#8211;7] cells/&mu;L) compared to inactive SLE (11 [6&#8211;15]; p = 0.05) and healthy controls (16 [10&#8211;20]; p < 0.01). Both the frequency and numbers of Th1 cells were decreased in SLE compared to controls. No difference was observed in the number of Th17 cells, which resulted in a decreased Th1/Th17 ratio. In parallel, a higher Treg/Th17 ratio in healthy controls (2.2 [1.8&#8211;3.6]) compared to active SLE (1.1 [1.0&#8211;2.1]; p < 0.05) was observed. There was a correlation between the number of Treg cells and disease activity status (SLEDAI, r = &#8211;0.59). SLE patients in the active phase of the disease are characterized by a deficiency in Treg cells and decreased Treg/Th17 ratio. This suggests that the imbalance between major T-cells subsets might be responsible for an increased proinflammatory response in the exacerbation of SLE. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2011; Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 646&#8211;653

Certain subphenotypes of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease distinguished by latent class analysis

Background: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is recognized as a distinct asthma phenotype. It usually has a severe course accompanied by chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis with nasal polyps, blood eosinophilia, and increased concentrations of urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4). More insightful analysis of individual patients shows this group to be nonhomogeneous. Objective: We sought to identify any likely subphenotypes in a cohort of patients with AERD through the application of latent class analysis (LCA). Methods: Clinical data from 201 patients with AERD (134 women) were collected from questionnaires. Standard spirometry, atopy traits, blood eosinophilia, and urinary LTE4 concentrations were evaluated. LCA was applied to identify possible AERD subphenotypes. Results: Four classes (subphenotypes) within the AERD phenotype were identified as follows: class 1, asthma with a moderate course, intensive upper airway symptoms, and blood eosinophilia (18.9% of patients); class 2, asthma with a mild course, relatively well controlled, and with low health care use (34.8% of patients); class 3, asthma with a severe course, poorly controlled, and with severe exacerbations and airway obstruction (41.3% of patients); and class 4, poorly controlled asthma with frequent and severe exacerbations in female subjects (5.0% of patients). Atopic status did not affect class membership. Patients with particularly intensive upper airway symptoms had the highest levels of blood eosinophilia and the highest concentrations of urinary LTE4. Conclusions: LCA revealed unique AERD subphenotypes, thus corroborating the heterogeneity of this population. Such discrimination might facilitate more individualized treatment in difficult-to-treat patients

2-Oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinium iodide

In the title compound, C7H7N2O+·I−, the carbonyl C and O atoms of the cation and the iodide ion are situated on mirror planes. The mean plane of the imidazo[1,2-d]pyridinium cation is perpendicular to the mirror plane as a consequence of the disorder of the cation over two opposite orientations of equal occupancy. In the crystal, N—H⋯I interactions are present

Aspirin desensitization in patients with aspirin-induced and aspirin-tolerant asthma : a double-blind study

Background: Numerous open trials have demonstrated the beneficial clinical effects of aspirin desensitization (AD) in patients with aspirin-induced asthma (AIA). These beneficial effects might be attributable to aspirin’s potent antiinflammatory properties, but that supposition requires further corroboration. Objective: We sought to compare the clinical and biochemical responses to chronic oral AD in 20 patients with AIA and 14 patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA). All of the patients had chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis, and these responses were investigated in a pilot, double-blind, placebocontrolled study. Methods: Twelve patients with AIA and 6 patients with ATA were randomly assigned to receive 624 mg of aspirin, and 8 patients with AIA and 8 patients with ATA received placebo. Both aspirin and placebo were administered once daily for 6 months. Nasal symptoms, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT20) scores, peak nasal inspiratory flows, Asthma Control Questionnaire scores, spirometric parameters, peak expiratory flows, blood eosinophilia, and corticosteroid doses were assessed on a monthly basis. Levels of urinary leukotriene E4 and the stable plasma prostaglandin (PG) D2 metabolite 9a,11b-PGF2 were evaluated at baseline and after 1, 3, 5, and 6 months. Results: Only the patients with AIA subjected to AD reported improvements in smell and reductions in sneezing and nasal blockade. The SNOT20 and Asthma Control Questionnaire scores of these patients decreased, and their peak nasal inspiratory flows increased. The dosages of inhaled corticosteroids were reduced. There were no changes in leukotriene E4 or 9a,11b-PGF2 levels after AD. Conclusion: The clinically beneficial effects of AD on nasal and bronchial symptoms occurred only in the patients with AIA

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic effects of new 8-aminopurine-2,6-dione-based phosphodiesterase inhibitors as promising anti-asthmatic agents

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are currently an extensively studied group of compounds that can bring many benefits in the treatment of various inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, including asthma. Herein, we describe a series of novel N’-phenyl- or N’-benzylbutanamide and N’-arylidenebutanehydrazide derivatives of 8-aminopurine-2,6-dione (27–43) and characterized them as prominent pan-PDE inhibitors. Most of the compounds exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophages RAW264.7. The most active compounds (32–35 and 38) were evaluated in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) derived from asthmatics. To better map the bronchial microenvironment in asthma, HBECs after exposure to selected 8-aminopurine-2,6-dione derivatives were incubated in the presence of two proinflammatory and/or profibrotic factors: transforming growth factor type β (TGF-β) and interleukin 13 (IL-13). Compounds 32–35 and 38 significantly reduced both IL-13- and TGF-β-induced expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators, respectively. Detailed analysis of their inhibition preferences for selected PDEs showed high affinity for isoenzymes important in the pathogenesis of asthma, including PDE1, PDE3, PDE4, PDE7, and PDE8. The presented data confirm that structural modifications within the 7 and 8 positions of the purine-2,6-dione core result in obtaining preferable pan-PDE inhibitors which in turn exert an excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect in the bronchial epithelial cells derived from asthmatic patients. This dual-acting pan-PDE inhibitors constitute interesting and promising lead structures for further anti-asthmatic agent discovery

Metody kształtowania mowy u dzieci niesłyszących. Przegląd stanowisk

The article focuses on theoretical approaches present in the subject literature regarding the essence and efficiency conditions of communication of deaf children. The main aim of this article is to show the directions of desirable changes resulting not only from the use of selected methods, but present also in philosophical approaches to this problem. Currently, the prevailing view is that education and rehabilitation of deaf children are most effective when the communication process includes various codes, that is, not only speech, but manual codes too, such as: cued speech, dactylography, and ideographic signs of sign language.Key words: efficiency of communicationspeech shaping methods, deaf childre