Datos de biodiversidad, estándar Darwin Core y ciencia ciudadana: una trilogía dorada

Ciencia ciudadana: contribución activa de los ciudadanos a la ciencia con su esfuerzo intelectual o dando soporte al conocimiento, proveyendo datos experimentales o equipos a los investigadores.Facultad de Informátic

ArgentiNat y bioblitzes de alcance nacional, análisis y perspectivas

iNaturalist es una iniciativa conjunta de la Academia de Ciencias de California y la National Geographic Society. ArgentiNat es el portal para Argentina de iNaturalist, impulsado localmente por la Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina con apoyo de la National Geographic Society. La plataforma está basada en crowdsourcing. Las observaciones son el resultado del registro de un determinado organismo o su evidencia en un lugar y tiempo particular. Los usuarios cargan desde sus perfiles las fotos o audios y se pueden agregar las identificaciones. De este modo, las observaciones se clasifican como “casuales”, “necesita identificación” o “de grado de investigación”, basado en la cantidad de personas que participan en el proceso de identificación. Las observaciones de grado de investigación son incorporadas en el portal de datos de la Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Los usuarios son reconocidos como generadores de las observaciones y pueden colocar una licencia de uso. Un bioblitz es una actividad, en un período corto e intenso, de relevos biológicos en un intento de registrar todas las especies vivas dentro de un área designada. Analizaremos los dos bioblitzes de mayor alcance: City Nature Challenge y Great Southern BioBlitz.Facultad de Informátic

Lectotypifications in Ophryosporus (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae, Critoniinae)

Se tipifican 10 nombres pertenecientes a especies de Ophryosporus, como una contribución nomenclatural a una próxima revisión taxonómica del género.Lectotypifications in Ophryosporus (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae, Critoniinae). Typification is provided for 10 names of Ophryosporus as a nomenclatural contribution to a forthcoming taxonomic revision of the genus.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Ciencia ciudadana y datos de biodiversidad: ¿qué datos importan? ¿cómo los anoto?

La Ciencia Ciudadana es una fuente muy importante de datos de biodiversidad. Personas alrededor de todo el mundo capturan datos de ocurrencia de especies que son fundamentales para comprender el estado y dinámica de las poblaciones y para planificar la toma de decisiones, en cuanto a manejo y protección de la biodiversidad. Sin embargo, no todos los datos adquiridos de esta forma son utilizables.Facultad de Informátic

Lectotypifications in Ophryosporus (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae, Critoniinae)

Se tipifican 10 nombres pertenecientes a especies de Ophryosporus, como una contribución nomenclatural a una próxima revisión taxonómica del género.Lectotypifications in Ophryosporus (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae, Critoniinae). Typification is provided for 10 names of Ophryosporus as a nomenclatural contribution to a forthcoming taxonomic revision of the genus.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Differentiation of archaeological maize (Zea mays L.) from native wild grasses based on starch grain morphology. Cases from the Central Pampas of Argentina

This paper presents, for the first time, a detailed study, from an archaeological perspective, of the morphological characteristics of the starch grains within the kernels of selected native wild grasses found in the Central Pampas of Argentina. We compared native wild grasses to maize starch grains, which can be distinguished from each other based on their size, shape and other attributes. The majority of the studied grains did not share morphological characteristics with maize starch grains. Considering this, it can be said that, if irregular and polyhedral grains with transverse or radial fissures dominate the starch assemblage, maize identification may be done on the basis of both morphology and size. Additionally, this research contributes to the characterization of the starch grains of the Panicoideae subfamily, which includes maize. Several classes of simple and compound starch grains are described and defined for native species of Pooideae, Chloridoideae, Arundinoideae, and Panicoideae subfamilies. The results obtained may constitute a baseline for the future determination of maize and wild grass use in archaeological contexts belonging to Middle/Late Holocene hunter gatherers in the Pampas of Argentina and neighboring areas.Fil: Musaubach, María Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Museo Etnográfico "Juan B. Ambrosetti"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Plos, Anabela. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Plantas Vasculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Babot, Maria del Pilar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Arqueología y Museo; Argentin

Differentiation of archaeological maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) from native wild grasses based on starch grain morphology : Cases from the Central Pampas of Argentina

This paper presents, for the first time, a detailed study, from an archaeological perspective, of the morphological characteristics of the starch grains within the kernels of selected native wild grasses found in the Central Pampas of Argentina. We compared native wild grasses to maize starch grains, which can be distinguished from each other based on their size, shape and other attributes. The majority of the studied grains did not share morphological characteristics with maize starch grains. Considering this, it can be said that, if irregular and polyhedral grains with transverse or radial fissures dominate the starch assemblage, maize identification may be done on the basis of both morphology and size. Additionally, this research contributes to the characterization of the starch grains of the Panicoideae subfamily, which includes maize. Several classes of simple and compound starch grains are described and defined for native species of Pooideae, Chloridoideae, Arundinoideae, and Panicoideae subfamilies. The results obtained may constitute a baseline for the future determination of maize and wild grass use in archaeological contexts belonging to Middle/Late Holocene hunter gatherers in the Pampas of Argentina and neighboring areas.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Phytolits, Starch grains and Andean Crops : The input of the diversity from America to Archaeobotanical research

This paper presents preliminary results of the archaeobotanical study of South-Central Andes Culinary Heritage Digital Database. We review Andean crops collection sample and reference collection of starch grains and phytoliths making procedures. Besides, both collections include processed products from these crops (for example, flour, roasted seeds, and mote), which were found and collected from fairs and markets. Finally, samples obtained during our ethnoarchaeological and ethnobotanical fieldwork are incorporated. The collection sample includes, plants in natural or dry state, as well as those already transformed throughout culinary processing. Phytoliths and starch grains are a useful tool to identified which crops were part of ancient food. They are analyzed and described with description and identification protocols used in our archaeobotanical research. Usually, Andean crops are defined as traditional crops, growing on the Andes, with a diverse taxonomy, having in common characteristics such as drought, frost and salinity-resistant. Some of them, such as corn, potatoes, quinoa, beans, among others are produced and consumed by families from the central and south central sector of the Quebrada de Humahuaca (Argentina) at small-scale agriculture. Andean taxa with food uses, its culinary processing knowledge and practices, food serving and consumption are retrieved and systematized in a digital database. These reference materials are relevant for archaeobotanical studies. They also contribute to community bio cultural heritage recovery. Their description and registration allows us not only to catalog them in the JUA Herbarium heritage, but to enhance, visibility, safeguarding and management of South-Central Andes Culinary Heritage.Universidad Nacional de JujuyMuseo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Differentiation of archaeological maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) from native wild grasses based on starch grain morphology : Cases from the Central Pampas of Argentina

This paper presents, for the first time, a detailed study, from an archaeological perspective, of the morphological characteristics of the starch grains within the kernels of selected native wild grasses found in the Central Pampas of Argentina. We compared native wild grasses to maize starch grains, which can be distinguished from each other based on their size, shape and other attributes. The majority of the studied grains did not share morphological characteristics with maize starch grains. Considering this, it can be said that, if irregular and polyhedral grains with transverse or radial fissures dominate the starch assemblage, maize identification may be done on the basis of both morphology and size. Additionally, this research contributes to the characterization of the starch grains of the Panicoideae subfamily, which includes maize. Several classes of simple and compound starch grains are described and defined for native species of Pooideae, Chloridoideae, Arundinoideae, and Panicoideae subfamilies. The results obtained may constitute a baseline for the future determination of maize and wild grass use in archaeological contexts belonging to Middle/Late Holocene hunter gatherers in the Pampas of Argentina and neighboring areas.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

The plants of Argentinian Western Pampa’s hunter-gatherers: a data base of vegetable resources potentially used

En el centro-sur de la provincia de La Pampa (Argentina) se están realizando estudios arqueobotánicos, en el marco de un proyecto de investigación orientado a contribuir al conocimiento de las actividades de procesamiento, consumo y descarte vegetal, llevadas a cabo por las sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras de la Pampa Occidental argentina. El primer paso en la investigación arqueobotánica consiste en la confección de una colección de referencia de plantas de la zona en estudio. A fin de complementar dicha colección de referencia se confeccionó una base de datos de recursos vegetales potencialmente utilizados en el área de estudio. Esta base se confeccionó mediante un relevamiento bibliográfico de fuentes editas con referencias etnobotánicas, etnográficas y etnohistóricas sobre el uso de plantas en la región Pampeana y territorios aledaños. Dicha base de datos incluye el nombre común de las plantas, el nombre científico actualizado, la parte anatómica utilizada y los usos etnobotánicos conocidos. Se registraron principalmente aquellos usos y procesamientos relacionados a cuestiones alimenticias, tecnofacturas y medicinales.On the south center of La Pampa province (Argentina) archaeobotanical studies are under way, as part of a research project in order to contribute to the knowledge of the Western Pampas’s huntergatherer societies. These activities include processing, consumption and vegetal disposal. The first step of archaeobotanical research involves the preparation of a reference collection of the plants of the area under study. A database of potential vegetal resources of the study area was made, in order to supplement the reference collection. The database was performed through a bibliographical survey of etnobotany, ethnographic and ethnohistoric published references of the Pampean region flora and adjacent areas. This database includes vernacular name, scientific name, used organ and ethnobotanical uses. It was registered the edible and medicinal uses and processing.Este trabajo se realizó como parte de una beca doctoral otorgada por el CONICET, en el marco de los subsidios PICT 26312, PIP 1293 y UBACYT F-042Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse