Regionalization and connectivity in the Gulf of Cádiz and Alborán Sea implication for marine spatial planning and coastal management

This work proposes a regionalization of marine waters south of the Iberian Peninsula based on empirical orthogonal functions and GIS analysis. The regions identified are consistent and correspond to hydrological mesoscale and macroscale structures well characterized from physical and biological viewpoints. Although it is difficult to determine the boundaries of a fluid continuously moving, the procedure used recognizes the most frequent patterns and can be used to reference geographically the most likely position of the limit among the regions. Once established the regions, the connectivity among them is addressed by means of geostrophic currents derived from altimetry data. The main geostrophic circulation pattern depict an elevate connectivity in the area that might facilitate the conservation and recovering of species, but also imply a higher vulnerability to negative externalities and highlight the need of models, marine spatial planning, and coastal management approaches that includes the pelagic ecosystem and connectivity of the seas. Furthermore, the results confirm that the cooperation between public authorities at different levels (local, regional, state) as well as among riparian countries is essential for marine spatial planning and prevention of potential risk derived from upcoming marine activities in the framework of the 2020 agenda and Blue Growth strategy.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Evaluation of two commercially available rumen buffers derived from calcified seaweed for grazing dairy cows: Pilot trial in commercial farms

Los productos a base de algas marinas calcificadas (CS) se han propuesto como un tampón de pH ruminal alternativo al bicarbonato de sodio. Se ha reportado que el magnesio puede ayudar en el control del pH ruminal, especialmente las formas naturales marinas. Evaluamos la capacidad amortiguadora del pH del rumen y la producción y composición de la leche de dos CS: Acid Buf (AB) y M12 (un CS natural enriquecido con magnesio marino), en vacas lecheras en pastoreo en un diseño de cuadrado latino replicado que involucró 2 granjas con rebaños lecheros en buen estado sanitario y de salud, 2 suplementos y 4 periodos de evaluación de un mes cada uno. Vacas lecheras Holstein Friesian se alimentaron con una ración parcial mixta (PMR) y se suplementaron durante cuatro períodos de 30 días cada uno con AB o M12. Se midió la producción total y la composición de la leche en cada granja y cinco vacas en cada rebaño recibieron bolos ruminales para monitorear el pH ruminal, permitiéndonos identificar y monitorear eventos de acidosis ruminal subaguda total (SARA) (es decir = 2 h con pH < 5.8). El pH promedio durante el período experimental fue 2% mayor (p < 0,05) y el número de eventos SARA por vaca fue menor (p = 0,007) para vacas suplementadas con M12 en comparación con AB. Considerando solo las vacas que desarrollaron eventos SARA, M12 tendió (p = 0,068) a reducir el número de eventos de SARA y su duración en comparación con aquellas vacas suplementadas con AB. La producción y composición de la leche fueron similares entre ambos tampones ruminales en todos los períodos

Endocytic recycling via the TGN underlies the polarized hyphal mode of growth

Intracellular traffic in Aspergillus nidulans hyphae must cope with the challenges that the high rates of apical extension (1μm/min) and the long intracellular distances (>100 μm) impose. Understanding the ways in which the hyphal tip cell coordinates traffic to meet these challenges is of basic importance, but is also of considerable applied interest, as fungal invasiveness of animals and plants depends critically upon maintaining these high rates of growth. Rapid apical extension requires localization of cell-wall-modifying enzymes to hyphal tips. By combining genetic blocks in different trafficking steps with multidimensional epifluorescence microscopy and quantitative image analyses we demonstrate that polarization of the essential chitin-synthase ChsB occurs by indirect endocytic recycling, involving delivery/exocytosis to apices followed by internalization by the sub-apical endocytic collar of actin patches and subsequent trafficking to TGN cisternae, where it accumulates for ~1 min before being re-delivered to the apex by a RAB11/TRAPPII-dependent pathway. Accordingly, ChsB is stranded at the TGN by Sec7 inactivation but re-polarizes to the apical dome if the block is bypassed by a mutation in geaAgea1 that restores growth in the absence of Sec7. That polarization is independent of RAB5, that ChsB predominates at apex-proximal cisternae, and that upon dynein impairment ChsB is stalled at the tips in an aggregated endosome indicate that endocytosed ChsB traffics to the TGN via sorting endosomes functionally located upstream of the RAB5 domain and that this step requires dynein-mediated basipetal transport. It also requires RAB6 and its effector GARP (Vps51/Vps52/Vps53/Vps54), whose composition we determined by MS/MS following affinity chromatography purification. Ablation of any GARP component diverts ChsB to vacuoles and impairs growth and morphology markedly, emphasizing the important physiological role played by this pathway that, we propose, is central to the hyphal mode of growth

Cobalt (II) environment characterization in sol-gel thermochromic sensors

Optical absorption and magnetic properties of silica sol-gel monoliths doped with cobalt starting from different precursors and water/1-propanol molar ratios are investigated. Structural characterization of the sol-gel by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy corroborate, that oxidising state of cobalt is Co^(2+). Furthermore, the Co^(2+) first neighbors are O atoms displaying a temperature transition from octahedral to tetrahedral coordination. The doped monoliths show thermochromic sensor activity ranging from 10 to 50⁰ C, which is related to the environment of Co^(2+) ions. The magnetic susceptibility also varies with Co^(2+) ions environment due to changes in the orbital contribution to the magnetic moment. Thus, we achieve a better understanding about environment of the Co^(2+) ions in the gel matrix and explain their reversible temperature behaviour in spite of the rigid state of the host matrix

Complexity and Expressivity of Branching- and Alternating-Time Temporal Logics with Finitely Many Variables

We show that Branching-time temporal logics CTL and CTL*, as well as Alternating-time temporal logics ATL and ATL*, are as semantically expressive in the language with a single propositional variable as they are in the full language, i.e., with an unlimited supply of propositional variables. It follows that satisfiability for CTL, as well as for ATL, with a single variable is EXPTIME-complete, while satisfiability for CTL*, as well as for ATL*, with a single variable is 2EXPTIME-complete,--i.e., for these logics, the satisfiability for formulas with only one variable is as hard as satisfiability for arbitrary formulas.Comment: Prefinal version of the published pape

The Potential Role of Everlasting Flower (Helichrysum stoechas Moench) as an Antihypertensive Agent: Vasorelaxant Effects in the Rat Aorta

Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench (H. stoechas) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in the Iberian Peninsula to treat different disorders such as arterial hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the vascular effects of a polyphenolic methanolic extract of H. stoechas, which has high antioxidant activity, and its mechanism of action. Isometric myography studies were performed in an organ bath with rat aortic rings with intact endothelium. The H. stoechas extract produced vasorelaxation in the aortic rings that were precontracted by phenylephrine or KCl. L-NAME and Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS but not indomethacin or H-89; it also reduced the relaxant response evoked by H. stoechas extract on the phenylephrine-induced contractions. H. stoechas extract reduced the response to CaCl2 similar to verapamil and reduced the phenylephrine-induced contractions comparable with heparin. TRAM-34, apamin and glibenclamide reduced relaxation induced by the H. stoechas extract. The combination of L-NAME+TRAM-34+apamin almost completely inhibited the H. stoechas-induced effect. In conclusion, the relaxant effect of the H. stoechas extract is partially mediated by endothelium through the activation of the NO/PKG/cGMP pathway and the opening of Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Furthermore, the decrease in the cytosolic Ca2+ by the inhibition of Ca2+ influx through the L-type Ca2+ channels and by the reduction of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via the IP3 pathway is also involved. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Isotopic and magnetic provenance characterization of distal IRD in the Galicia Interior Basin (NW Iberia)

The sediments of the Galicia Interior Basin in NW Iberia Margin are of particular palaeoclimatic interest as they are located at the boundary where the climatic oscillations of the glacial interval were interrupted by extreme events such as Heinrich events. These events are well characterized in Northern North Atlantic areas, but little is known about their occurrence beyond the Ruddiman belt. This study presents a combined environmagnetic and geochemical approach to the provenance and characterization of distal ice-rafted detritus (IRD) that occurred during the last glacial period in core CI12PC3 from the Galicia Interior Basin. The last six Heinrich Layers were identified by their magneto-mineralogical and geochemical properties. Their Sr and Nd isotopic signatures indicated that the Laurentide Ice Sheet was the major source for HL1, HL2, HL4 and HL5. However, the European ice sheets also influenced the initial development stages of HL1, HL2, HL4. HL3, HL6 and partially HL1, HL2 and HL4 were influenced by more juvenile provinces, such as Iceland/Faroes sheets and/or by the Fram Strait/East Greenland nearby areas. Separate provenance analyses of the coarse and fine fractions in the studied Heinrich Layers also indicated that IRDs and glacial flour sources might not always be the same. Our results shed unequivocal evidence that Canadian-sourced distal IRD are preceded by European-sourced IRD, at least from the H4. In our view, LIS and EIS instabilities registered in the Iberian Margin respond to the same climate forcing at different velocities

Downward pumping of magnetic flux as the cause of filamentary structures in sunspot penumbrae

The structure of a sunspot is determined by the local interaction between magnetic fields and convection near the Sun's surface. The dark central umbra is surrounded by a filamentary penumbra, whose complicated fine structure has only recently been revealed by high-resolution observations. The penumbral magnetic field has an intricate and unexpected interlocking-comb structure and some field lines, with associated outflows of gas, dive back down below the solar surface at the outer edge of the spot. These field lines might be expected to float quickly back to the surface because of magnetic buoyancy, but they remain submerged. Here we show that the field lines are kept submerged outside the spot by turbulent, compressible convection, which is dominated by strong, coherent, descending plumes. Moreover, this downward pumping of magnetic flux explains the origin of the interlocking-comb structure of the penumbral magnetic field, and the behaviour of other magnetic features near the sunspot

IRD characterization, provenance and age in the Galician Interior Basin

The Galician Interior Basin sediments have a particular palaeoclimatic interest, as they are located in the boundary where the climatic oscillations of the glacial interval were interrupted by extreme events such as Heinrich events (HE). The sedimentary expression of these events is characterized by the presence of distal Ice Rafted Detritus (IRD). IRD layers can be identified by the rapid increase in magnetic susceptibility values (κ) up to 400x10-6SI, from background values lower than 100x10-6 SI providing key information on climatically forced events and allowing a tighter chronostratigraphic control. However, the mixing of these materials with local/regional components may difficult their depiction, and also the occurrence of diagenetic processes that alter their original magnetic composition, to the point of under detection by standard magnetic analysis (susceptibility). The aim of this paper is the environmagnetic and geochemical characterization of these distal IRD occurring in the area and the study of their age and provenance related to the last six HE. In order to achieve these goals we measured their magnetic properties, their chemical and mineralogical composition and performed the analyses of Sr and Nd isotope ratios measured in the detrital fraction of one of the cores. This study explores the potential of magnetic properties as a tool to discriminate Heinrich layers provenance in base to differences in their magnetic mineralogy assemblages