Pesquisa soro-epidemiológica para arbovírus em macaco-prego-galego (Cebus flavius) de vida livre no estado da Paraíba e em macaco-prego (Cebus libidinosus) de cativeiro no nordeste do Brasil

Este estudo descreveu a primeira investigação de anticorpos para arbovírus em primatas não humanos do Novo Mundo em cinco estados do Nordeste Brasileiro. No período de março de 2008 a setembro de 2010 foram colhidos soros sanguíneos de 31 macacos-prego-galego (Cebus flavius) de vida livre da Paraíba e 100 macacos-prego (Cebus libidinosus) de Centros de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS) dos Estados de Alagoas, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí e Rio Grande do Norte. Utilizou-se o teste de inibição da hemaglutinação (IH), usando quatro unidades hemaglutinantes de 19 diferentes antígenos de arbovírus e soro diluídos a partir de 1:20. Os antígenos foram preparados pelo método de extração por sucrose-acetona e os soros dos macacos foram tratados por acetona e adsorvidos com glóbulos de ganso. Dentre os soros sanguíneos examinados, todos os macacos-prego-galego foram negativos e 46/100 (46%) de macacos-prego apresentaram anticorpos anti-arbovírus. As soropositividades por arbovírus foram: 29% para MAYV, 28% para OROV, 26% para ILHV, 19% para ESLV, 15% para EEEV, 12% para ROCV, 9% para WEEV, 9% para MUCV e 2% para YFV. Destas amostras, 15 apresentaram reação monotípica para ILHV (n=4), MAYV (n=6), SLEV (n=1), ROCV (n=2), OROV (n=1) e MUCV (n=1), sem ter havido o isolamento de agentes virais. Estes resultados sugeriram que existe intensa circulação de arbovírus na população estudada de macacos-prego em CETAS.This study describes the first investigation of antibodies for arboviruses on non-human primates from the New World in five states of the northeast of Brazil. From March 2008 to September 2010 blood serum samples were collected of 31 free living galician capuchin monkeys (Cebus flavius) from Paraíba and of a 100 capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) of the Sorting Center for Wild Animals (CETAS) from the states of Alagoas, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí and Rio Grande do Norte. The Haemagglutination-Inhibition Test (HI) was utilized and four hemagglutinating units of 19 arboviruses antigen and serum, diluted from 1:20, were used. The antigens were prepared by the sucrose-acetone extraction method and the monkeys’ serum were treated with acetone and adsorbed with goose blood cells. Among the blood sera examined, all galician capuchin monkeys were negative and 46/100 (46%) of capuchin monkeys presented anti-arbovirus anticorpses. The arbovirus seropositivity were 29% for MAYV, 28% for OROV, 26% for ILHV, 19% for SLV, 15% for EEEV, 12% for ROCV, 9% for WEEV, 9% for MUCV and 2% for YFV . From these samples, 15 presented monotypic reaction to ILHV (n=4), MAYV (n=6), SLEV (n=1), ROCV (n=2), OROV (n=1) e MUCV (n=1), without the isolation from the viral agents. These results suggested that there were an intense circulation of arboviruses in the studied population of capuchin monkeys in CETAS

Atualização dos registros de Cebus Kaapori Queiroz, 1992 (Primates: Cebidae) para o estado do Pará, Brasil / Considerations about records of Cebus kaapori Queiroz, 1992 (Primates: Cebidae) in Pará, Brazil

Cebus kaapori, um dos primatas mais ameaçados do Brasil, possui muito poucos registros de ocorrência, e a maioria remete à década de 1990. Em 2012, as localidades desses registros no estado do Pará foram visitadas a fim de averiguar se os fragmentos florestais e as populações da espécie, outrora registrados, ainda persistiam. A despeito de o cenário apresentar-se razoavelmente inalterado, verificamos que algumas coordenadas publicadas não eram exatas, e que parte dos fragmentos está agora sujeita ao manejo florestal, o que causa apreensões quanto à manutenção dessa espécie nesses fragmentos. ABSTRACT Cebus kaapori, one of the most endangered primates of Brazil, has only few records of occurrence, which are mostly dated from the 1990s. In 2012, we visited the locations of these historical records in Pará state in order to ascertain whether these previously registered forest fragments and populations have persisted. Although the historical scenario has remained relatively unchanged, we found that some published coordinates were inaccurate and some of the fragments are now subject to forest management. This situation generates serious concerns about the maintenance of this species in such forest fragments

Avaliação do impacto da epizootia de Febre Amarela sobre as populações de primatas não humanos nas unidades de conservação do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n3p217 A Febre Amarela (FA) é uma doença infecciosa aguda. No Brasil, a FA tem caráter sazonal, ocorrendo frequentemente entre os meses de janeiro a abril, quando fatores ambientais propiciam o aumento da abundância dos vetores. Há diversos relatos sobre a mortalidade de primatas devido à FA, em especial os do gênero Alouatta, mas há escassa informação disponível para verificar e quantificar os danos causados às populações de primatas por eventos desta natureza. O presente estudo busca avaliar o impacto do surto de FA ocorrido entre 2008 e 2009 sobre as populações de primatas nas unidades de conservação (UC) do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A presença dos primatas e a ocorrência do surto foram registradas por meio de observações diretas e entrevistas. Foram visitadas 11 UC e realizadas 52 entrevistas. Constatou-se que destas UC, três não abrigam primatas, três abrigam populações de Alouatta caraya e quatro de Alouatta guariba. Cebus nigritus está presente em três UC. A única unidade de conservação severamente impactada pelo surto de FA foi o Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto, embora relatos de óbitos durante o surto tenham sido obtidos para a zona de amortecimento ou entorno próximo de outras cinco UC

Limited Evidence for Infection of Urban and Peri-urban Nonhuman Primates with Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Brazil

ABSTRACT Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged in the Americas in 2013. Limited antigenic variability of CHIKV and ZIKV may restrict urban transmission cycles due to population protective immunity. In Africa, sylvatic transmission cycles involving nonhuman primates (NHP) are known for CHIKV and ZIKV, causing cyclic reemergence in humans. To evaluate whether sylvatic cycles can be expected in Latin America, we tested 207 NHP collected between 2012 and 2017 in urban and peri-urban settings in Brazil for infection with ZIKV and CHIKV. No animal tested positive for viral RNA in genus-specific and species-specific reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays. In contrast, six animals (2.9%) from the families Atelidae, Callitrichidae, and Cebidae showed ZIKV-specific antibodies and 11 (5.3%) showed CHIKV-specific antibodies in plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT). Reactivity was monotypic against either ZIKV or CHIKV in all cases, opposing unspecific virucidal activity of sera. PRNT endpoint titers were low at 1:40 in all NHP, and positive specimens did not correspond to the likely dispersal route and time of introduction of both arboviruses. All antibody-positive samples were therefore tested against the NHP-associated yellow fever virus (YFV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) and against the human-associated dengue virus (DENV) by PRNT. Two ZIKV-positive samples were simultaneously DENV positive and two CHIKV-positive samples were simultaneously MAYV positive, at titers of 1:40 to 1:160. This suggested cross-reactive antibodies against heterologous alphaviruses and flaviviruses in 24% of ZIKV-positive/CHIKV-positive sera. In sum, low seroprevalence, invariably low antibody titers, and the distribution of positive specimens call into question the capability of ZIKV and CHIKV to infect New World NHP and establish sylvatic transmission cycles. IMPORTANCE Since 2013, Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have infected millions of people in the Americas via urban transmission cycles. Nonhuman primates (NHP) are involved in sylvatic transmission cycles maintaining ZIKV and CHIKV in the Old World. We tested NHP sampled during 2012 to 2017 in urban and peri-urban areas severely affected by ZIKV and CHIKV in Brazil. Seroprevalence and antibody titers were low for both viruses. Additionally, we found evidence for infection by heterologous viruses eliciting cross-reactive antibodies. Our data suggest that urban or peri-urban NHP are not easily infected by ZIKV and CHIKV despite intense local transmission. These data may imply that the ZIKV and CHIKV outbreaks in the Americas cannot be sustained in urban or peri-urban NHP once human population immunity limits urban transmission cycles. Investigation of diverse animals is urgently required to determine the fate of the ZIKV and CHIKV outbreaks in the Americas

ATLANTIC MAMMAL TRAITS: a data set of morphological traits of mammals in the Atlantic Forest of South America

Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Ecol, Inst Biociencias, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Santa Catarina, Ctr Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol & Zool, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil|Caipora Cooperat, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilUniv Estadual Santa Cruz, Programa Posgrad Ecol & Conservac Biodiversidade, Lab Ecol Aplicada Conservacao, Ilheus, BA, BrazilUniv Estadual Santa Cruz, CMARF, Ilheus, BA, BrazilUniv Brasilia, Dept Ecol, Inst Ciencias Biol, Lab Ecol Vertebrados, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Fed Santa Maria, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Espirito Santo, Ctr Ciencias Humanas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, Vitoria, ES, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol Geral, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Mato Grosso de Sul, Inst Biociencias, Campo Grande, MS, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Dept Zool, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Programa Posgrad Ecol & Conservcao, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Estado Rio de Janeiro, Dept Ecol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Rio Claro, SP, BrazilUniv Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Ambientais, Criciuma, SC, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Dept Ciencias Biol, Piracicaba, SP, BrazilUniv Nacl Misiones, CONICET, Inst Biol Subtrop, Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, ArgentinaAsociac Civil Ctr Invest Bosque Atlantico, Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, ArgentinaFIOCRUZ Amazonas, Inst Leonidas & Maria Deane, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilField Museum Nat Hist, Integrated Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60605 USAUniv Fed Pernambuco, Ctr Biociencias, Dept Zool, Lab Ciencia Aplicada Conservacao Biodiversidade, Recife, PE, BrazilInst Chico Mendes Conservacao Biodiversidade, Ctr Nacl Pesquisa & Conservacao Mamiferos Carnivo, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Vale Rio dos Sinos, Sao Leopoldo, RS, BrazilUniv Reg Cariri, Dept Biol, Lab Ecol Mamiferos, Crato, CE, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Ecol, Lab Vertebrados, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Federal Mato Grosso do Sul, Programa Posgrad Ecol & Conservacao, Campo Grande, MS, BrazilIPE, Nazare Paulista, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Programa Posgrad Zool, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Estado Minas Gerais, Dept Ciencias Biol, Ibirite, MG, BrazilPREA, Programa Educ Ambiental, Juiz De Fora, MG, BrazilChinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Zool Systemat and Evolut, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaMinist Salud Nacion, Inst Nacl Med Trop INMeT, Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, ArgentinaUniv Fed Vicosa, Dept Engn Florestal, Vicosa, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Goias, Inst Biociencias, Jatai, Go, BrazilInst Chico Mendes Conservacao Biodiversidade ICMB, Ctr Nacl Pesquisa & Conservacao Primatas Brasilei, Joao Pessoa, PB, BrazilCtr Rescate Fauna Silvestre Guira Oga, Puerto Iguazu, ArgentinaFdn Hist Nat Felix de Azara, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaProjeto Carnivoros Iguacu, Foz Do Iguacu, PR, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Reprod Anim, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Integracao Latinoamer, Inst Latinoamer Ciencias Vida & Nat, Foz Do Iguacu, PR, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Ambientais, Diadema, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Paraiba, Dept Sistemat & Ecol, Lab Mamiferos, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, BrazilIUCN Peccary Specialist Grp, Campo Grande, MS, BrazilWWF Brazil, Campo Grande, MS, BrazilChicago State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL USAUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Nucleo Ecol & Desenvolvimento Socioambiental Maca, Macae, RJ, BrazilUniv Vila Velha, Programa Posgrad Ecol Ecossistemas, Vila Velha, ES, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacl, Dept Vertebrados, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Bahia, Programa Posgrad Ecol, Salvador, BA, BrazilUniv Fed Paraiba, Dept Sistemat & Ecol, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Biol Zool, Lab Mamiferos, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Ambientais, Diadema, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc