Cookie cloudy, cooked Google: ¡Al loro, bibliotecas en la nube!

Libraries have to be care of the cloud computing shift. Cloud Computing is promoted as a free service. The free concept is irresistible to consumer’s choice. Mainly, it is Google’s strategy as well followed by Facebook, Yahoo, Apple, among others. Neverthe-less, at what cost is the Cloud free? Contents and privacy are the means for trading in the Cloud, which is promoted, as well, by public institutions just as a key-remedy to overcome the crisis. No matter if the remedy brings collateral damages, such the breach of privacy, copyright and competition laws, among other ones. Because such laws are old-fashioned, there is a lack of legislation and case law to rule cloud compu-ting. Libraries have to be awared of cloud computing: they have an important heritage to preserve. Not only the content, but also the privacy and values. If any heal has to be implemented, it cannot be by the go-vernments of each country, but it has to be through international legal solutions. Unfortunately, this does not seem to be the immediate forecast. Google is already certainly a huge, a huge “logos”, “god”, which knows every single detail of being digitally-exposed human.Las Bibliotecas tienen que vigilar cuando hagan el cambio a la Nube. La Nube es promocionada como un servicio gratuito. El concepto de gratuidad es irresistible a cualquier decisión de un consumidor. Esta es la estrategia de Google, también seguida por Facebook, Yahoo, Apple, entre otros. Sin embargo, ¿cuál es el coste?. Contenidos y privacidad son la moneda de cambio en la Nube, la cual, a su vez, está promocionada por instituciones públicas sólo como el remedio para superar la crisis. No importa si el reme-dio causa daños colaterales, como la vulneración de privacidad, contenidos o afectación del mercado de la libre competencia, con sus respectivas leyes. Las Bibliotecas tienen que estar alerta ante la Nube, pues tienen un importante legado para preservar, no sola-mente en términos de contenidos sino también de privacidad y valores. Si hay alguna curación, a la actual falta de legislación y jurisprudencia afín, debe ser a través de soluciones legales internacionales. Por desgracia, no parece que éste sea el pronóstico inmediato para hacer frente a la Nube. Google es realmente inmenso, en un gran logos, “dios”, que sabe cada detalles de cualquier ser humano expuesto digitalmente en línea

Las Bibliotecas, ¿To be Googled or not to be Googled? ¿Un contenido cultural comercial o un contenido de difusión cultural?

Google se ha expansionado a lo largo de los últimos años alreador del mundo con una cuota de mercado de 80% aproximadamente. Google Books se lanzó en 2004 con el objetivo de ser en la Biblioteca Digital Mundial. Google Books partía con la ventaja de su experiencia previa como buscador en Internet para poder establecer una estrategia y ejecutar su desarrollo e implementación, especialmente en lo relativo a digitalización, indexación y puesta a disposición de los libros. Google Books ha legislado sus propias normas sobre el Derecho de Autor en el entorno de Internet, incluso cuando estas normas eran contrarias a la normativa y jurisprudencia vigentes. Los Acuerdos alcanzados entre Google Books y las Bibliotecas suponen un incumplimiento de la excepción incluida en el Copyright Act Americano, en particular las copias a realizar por las bibliotecas. El camino corto tomado por Google Books es ilegal y cierra la entrada a posibles competidores para posicionarse en el mercado en las mismas condiciones que Google Books. Los argumentos de Fair Use expuestos por Google Books no casan con los requisitos de la Doctrina, particularmente el elemento transformador.Igualmente, la solución de Google Books de optar a no estar, en el marco del Acuerdo Transaccional es una carga para aquellos autores y titulares de derechos que no quieren estar y deben ejercer de forma activa sus derechos. El impacto de Google Books en Europa ha sido por un lado con respecto de la Doctrina del Fair Use y por otro lado las Obras Huérfanas. La última decisión del Juez del Caso Google Books en donde rechaza el Segundo Acuerdo Transaccional Enmendado establece unas posibles bases para la regulación del Derecho de Autor en Internet, aunque Google Books sigue moviéndose como un pulpo. La biblioteca digital mundial debe ser más de naturaleza pública que privada. Google se ha expansionado a lo largo de los últimos años alreador del mundo con una cuota de mercado de 80% aproximadamente. Google Books se lanzó en 2004 con el objetivo de ser en la Biblioteca Digital Mundial. Google Books partía con la ventaja de su experiencia previa como buscador en Internet para poder establecer una estrategia y ejecutar su desarrollo e implementación, especialmente en lo relativo a digitalización, indexación y puesta a disposición de los libros. Google Books ha legislado sus propias normas sobre el Derecho de Autor en el entorno de Internet, incluso cuando estas normas eran contrarias a la normativa y jurisprudencia vigentes. Los Acuerdos alcanzados entre Google Books y las Bibliotecas suponen un incumplimiento de la excepción incluida en el Copyright Act Americano, en particular las copias a realizar por las bibliotecas. El camino corto tomado por Google Books es ilegal y cierra la entrada a posibles competidores para posicionarse en el mercado en las mismas condiciones que Google Books. Los argumentos de Fair Use expuestos por Google Books no casan con los requisitos de la Doctrina, particularmente el elemento transformador.Igualmente, la solución de Google Books de optar a no estar, en el marco del Acuerdo Transaccional es una carga para aquellos autores y titulares de derechos que no quieren estar y deben ejercer de forma activa sus derechos. El impacto de Google Books en Europa ha sido por un lado con respecto de la Doctrina del Fair Use y por otro lado las Obras Huérfanas. La última decisión del Juez del Caso Google Books en donde rechaza el Segundo Acuerdo Transaccional Enmendado establece unas posibles bases para la regulación del Derecho de Autor en Internet, aunque Google Books sigue moviéndose como un pulpo. La biblioteca digital mundial debe ser más de naturaleza pública que privada

Identification and characterization of bacteria with antibacterial activities isolated from seahorses (Hippocampus guttulatus)

1 tabla, 1 figuraThis study was financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (Hippocampus CGL2005-05927-C03-01). J.L.B. was supported by a postdoctoral I3P contract from the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC). Y.J.S. was granted by the Erasmus program (29154-IC-1-2007-1-PT-ERASMUS-EUC-1).Peer reviewe

Low temperature processing of solution-derived ceria deposits on flat surfaces of 3D-printed polyamide

Doped ceria deposits have been prepared on 3D-printed polyamide-12 components starting from inkjet-compatible solutions in an attempt to functionalize the surface of the plastic part, followed by a low temperature decomposition process at 160¿°C in air. The non-continuous deposits were characterized by simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and evolved gas analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. After thermal treatment, the deposits are still clearly visible at the surface of the polymer. However, no crystallinity of the ceria is observed, in contrast to identical low temperature processing on inert substrates such as glass where nanoparticle ceria aggregates were produced. This is tentatively explained by the chemically-reducing character of the polyamide, and in particular to CO and hydrocarbon gases released during the heating process, which would continuously induce the reduction of Ce4+ to Ce3+ at the low temperature of 160¿°C, influencing the non-detection of crystalline ceria.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Successful use of geochemical tools to trace the geographic origin of Long-Snouted Seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus raised in captivity

The global market of dried seahorses mainly supplies Traditional Chinese Medicine and still relies on blurry trade chains that often cover less sustainable practices targeting these pricey and endangered fish. As such, reliable tools that allow the enforcement of traceability, namely to confirm the geographic origin of traded seahorses, are urgently needed. The present study evaluated the use of elemental fingerprints (EF) in the bony structures of long-snouted seahorses Hippocampus guttulatus raised in captivity in two different locations (southern Portugal and Northern Spain) to discriminate their geographic origin. The EF of different body parts of H. guttulatus were also evaluated as potential proxies for the EF of the whole body, in order to allow the analysis of damaged specimens and avoid the use of whole specimens for analysis. The contrasting EF of H. guttulatus raised in the two locations allowed their reliable discrimination. Although no single body part exactly mimicked the EF of the whole body, seahorse trunks, as well as damaged specimens, could still be correctly allocated to their geographic origin. This promising forensic approach to discriminate the geographic origin of seahorses raised in captivity should now be validated for wild conspecifics originating from different locations, as well as for other species within genus Hippocampus.PTDC/BIA-BMA/29491/2017, UIDB/04326/2020, UIDP/50017/2020, UIDB/50017/2020,info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Microbiological quality of “Doner kebab” sold in retail in Sao Paulo- Brazil / Qualidade Microbiológica do Churrasco grego (Doner Kebab) vendido no varejo em São Paulo – Brazil

Most part of Brazilians does not usually make meals in their homes due to the bustling routine. The kebab (consisting of bread, meat and vinaigrette), marketed mainly in the downtown of São Paulo, is a good choice because of speed of preparation and low cost but, street foods stand out for the frequency of foodborne illness outbreaks. According to Brazilian legislation, are allowed to 10²/g of thermotolerant coliforms (TtC), coagulase-positive staphylococci 10³/g of (CPS) and sulfite-reducing Clostridium (SRC) in the absence of Salmonella spp., in 25 grams of the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of kebab marketed in downtown of São Paulo, noting whether they are within those standards. A hundred samples were analyzed, from 10 snack bars located in this region, processed and subjected to analysis according to APHA (2001). 1% had Salmonella spp., 12% contained SRC, but only 4% out of the allowed amount, 70% had  TtC  above these standards and 5% had CPE, but within the allowed parameters. Altogether, 71% of the samples were outside the parameters. These results indicate health risk to consumers, showing also the need to develop SOPs to improve the hygienic-health aspects. 

A comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of a human tumor metastasis model using a label-free quantitative approach

Alterations in cellular phosphorylation patterns have been implicated in a number of diseases, including cancer, through multiple mechanisms. Herein we present a survey of the phosphorylation profiles of an isogenic pair of human cancer cell lines with opposite metastatic phenotype. Phosphopeptides were enriched from tumor cell lysates with titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide, and identified with nano-LC-MS/MS using an automatic cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS (MS2+MS3) data-dependent neutral loss method. A spectral counting quantitative strategy was applied to the two cell line samples on the MS2-only scan, which was implemented successively after each MS2+MS3 scan in the same sample. For all regulated phosphopeptides reported by spectral counting analysis, sequence and phosphorylation site assignments were validated by a MS2+MS3 data-dependent neutral loss method. With this approach, we identified over 70 phosphorylated sites on 27 phosphoproteins as being differentially expressed with respect to tumor cell phenotype. The altered expression levels of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS were validated using Western blotting. Using network pathway analysis, we observed that the majority of the differentially expressed proteins were highly interconnected and belong to two major intracellular signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that the phosphorylation of isoform A of lamin A/C and GTPase activating protein binding protein 1 is associated with metastatic propensity. The study demonstrates a quantitative and comparative proteomics strategy to identify differential phosphorylation patterns in complex biological samples.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75766/1/1842_ftp.pd

Phosphorylated c-Src in the nucleus is associated with improved patient outcome in ER-positive breast cancer

Elevated c-Src protein expression has been shown in breast cancer and <i>in vitro</i> evidence suggests a role in endocrine resistance. To investigate whether c-Src is involved in endocrine resistance, we examined the expression of both total and activated c-Src in human breast cancer specimens from a cohort of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients. Tissue microarray technology was employed to analyse 262 tumour specimens taken before tamoxifen treatment. Immunohistochemistry using total c-Src and activated c-Src antibodies was performed. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed and log-rank test were performed. High level of nuclear activated Src was significantly associated with improved overall survival (<i>P</i>=0.047) and lower recurrence rates on tamoxifen (<i>P</i>=0.02). Improved patient outcome was only seen with activated Src in the nucleus. Nuclear activated Src expression was significantly associated with node-negative disease and a lower NPI (<i>P</i><0.05). On subgroup analysis, only ER-positive/progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive tumours were associated with improved survival (<i>P</i>=0.004). This shows that c-Src activity is increased in breast cancer and that activated Src within the nucleus of ER-positive tumours predicts an improved outcome. In ER/PgR-positive disease, activated Src kinase does not appear to be involved in <i>de novo</i> endocrine resistance. Further study is required in ER-negative breast cancer as this may represent a cohort in which it is associated with poor outcome