Research protocol development: basic concepts for clinicians

The research output from most of the teaching medical institutions of our country is dismal. Medical students and faculties can routinely contribute to the research publication by developing proper instinct and attitude. Research ideas are generated from interesting observations that one comes across during day to day clinical practice. Every research question should be assessed by FINER criteria. Methodical search of existing literature is extremely important. Research hypothesis should be written in PICOT format. Knowledge of biostatistics and collaboration with basic sciences and paraclinical specialties are keys to scientifically correct clinical research protocol development

The Impact of Blockchain on the Healthcare Environment

Bitcoin was the first electronic payment system to truly exploit the power of blockchain technology. There is currently the problem of health information inequality and health information leakage. Physicians should conduct essential routine work that wastes hu-man and financial resources and delays treatment processes. Blockchain provides a trust-free and cost-reducing solution to manage and secure valuable health information. The aim of this study is to discuss research into blockchain healthcare applications. It addresses the management of medical data, as well as the sharing of medical infor-mation, the sharing of images, and the management of logs. We also discuss papers that overlap with other fields, such as the Internet of Things, information management, drug monitoring along their supply chain, and aspects of security and privacy. Finally, we analyze and compare the research papers in the medical area and also summarize the strategies used in healthcare with their pros and cons

Comprehensive review of anti-tubercular treatment induced liver injury

The challenge in the management of tuberculosis is further compounded by the liver injury associated with anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) drugs. The problem of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) associated with ATT drugs is significant in the developing countries because of high disease burden, limited monitoring due to scarce resources and lack of awareness. There is heterogeneity in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the various first line ATT drugs. There are various genetic and environmental factors that affect DILI. Various guidelines have been proposed to treat and monitor DILI. This article reviews the problem, risk factors, mechanism, and management strategies of the DILI associated with ATT

Analysis of free vibration of nano plate resting on Winkler foundation

Present paper deals with the vibration analysis of nano plate supported by Winkler foundation using Eringen’s elasticity theory with Classical Plate theory. Rayleigh-Ritz method has been employed in this study for finding frequencies of plate subjected to different edge conditions. The obtained results are first tested for convergence and then validated with the published literature. Further study is carried out to analyse the effect of various parameters on natural nondimensional frequencies of nano plate resting on Winkler foundation. The study reveals that the non-local effect has significant effect on vibration behaviour of nano plate resting on elastic foundation. Observations shows that on increasing the Winkler foundation modulus and aspect ratio the nondimensional frequency parameters increases

TpPred: A Tool for Hierarchical Prediction of Transport Proteins Using Cluster of Neural Networks and Sequence Derived Features

A top–down predictor, called TpPred, is developed which consists of 3 level of hierarchical classification using cascade of neural networks from sequence derived features. The 1st layer of the prediction engine is for identifying a query protein as transport protein or not; the 2nd layer for the main functional class; and the 3rd layer for the sub-functional class. The overall success rates for all the three layers are higher than 65% that were obtained through rigorous cross-validation tests on the very stringent benchmark datasets in which none of the proteins has 30% sequence identity with any other in the same class or subclass. TpPred achieved good prediction accuracies and could nicely complement experimental approaches for identification of transport proteins. TpPred is freely available to be use in-house as a standalone version and is accessible at http://www.juit.ac.in/attachments/tppred/Home.html

Secondary spin current driven efficient THz spintronic emitters

Femtosecond laser-induced photoexcitation of ferromagnet (FM)/heavy metal (HM) heterostructures have attracted attention by emitting broadband terahertz frequencies. The phenomenon relies on the formation of ultrafast spin current, which is largely attributed to the direct photoexcitation of the FM layer. However, we reveal that during the process, the FM layer also experiences a secondary excitation led by the hot electrons from the HM layer that travel across the FM/HM interface and transfer additional energy in the FM. Thus, the generated secondary spins enhance the total spin current formation and lead to amplified spintronic terahertz emission. The results also emphasize the significance of the secondary spin current, which even exceeds the primary spin currents when FM/HM heterostructures with thicker HM are used. An analytical model is developed to provide deeper insights into the microscopic processes within the individual layers, underlining the generalized ultrafast superdiffusive spin-transport mechanism.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure

Analysis Of The Anti-Oxidant And Cell Cytotoxicity Properties Of Stevia Rebaudiana Extract By Using In- Vitro Model

Leaves of Stevia rebaudiana are rich source of sweet glycosides of steviol. The major glycoside, stevioside, diterpenoid glycoside--is used in India and various countries as a food sweetener for diabetic patients. Its medical use is also reported in various ailments like heart, liver, pancrease etc. Besides this it is also being used against obesity, stomach burn and to lower uric acid levels in blood. In present study the leaf extract with various extract were tested for immunomodulatry properties. We performed MTT assay to check the cell viability and cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and also calculated the Trolox equivalent values to assess the antioxidant properties of Stevia rebaudiana. . Percent cell viability values of cells were found to be more than 50 percentages with increase in concentration. At higher dose all these extract showed significant inhibitory effects on proliferation. The aqueous extracts shown the maximum value of Trolox equivalent with 1:16 dilution. It means with the increase in the concentration of extract there is substantial increase in antioxidant property or we can assume antioxidant is dose dependent. But in same time cell viability gets reduced with increase in concentration

Primary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung in an adolescent girl with unusual presentation

Primary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of lung is a rare tumour of lung mostly reported from south-east Asia. It occurs in middle aged persons of either sex and presents with the complaint of cough and haemoptysis.  We report a case of primary LELC of lung in a young girl with unusual presentation

ASSESSMENT OF LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDECTOMY IN PATIENTS OF COMPLICATED APPENDICITIS IN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL OF CENTRAL INDIA

Background: Appendicitis is the commonest abdominal surgical emergency in the world which may lead to complications like appendicular abscess or mass, gangrene, perforation and peritonitis. Present research aimed to evaluate the wellbeing and the effectiveness of laparoscopy for managing complicated appendicitis. Material and methods: Present study was carried out on 50 patients at tertiary care institution of Chhattisgarh in Central India for the period of 2 year. This study is including patients of complicated appendicitis undergoing laparoscopic management. Parameters studied included Age, Gender, WBC count, wound infection and hospital stay. Results: There was increase of total leucocytic count in most of the patients; Mean WBCs was 12.71±5.37. 33 patients had pus free IPF collection and perforated appendicitis (PA), 11 patients had turbid free IPF collection with AA (highly inflamed appendix), 2 case was mucocele of the appendix, 2 cases of appendicular abscess (3.3%) and 2 cases of gangrenous appendix. Conclusion: Management of complicated appendicitis laparoscopically is practicable, secure and can present a small occurrence of infectious impediments, fewer post-operative pain, fast revival and improved cosmesis on the cost of extended operating time than Open Appendectom

Ultrafast photo-thermal switching of terahertz spin currents

Dissipationless and scattering-free spin-based terahertz electronics is the futuristic technology for energy-efficient information processing. Femtosecond light pulse provides an ideal pathway for exciting the ferromagnet (FM) out-of-equilibrium, causing ultrafast demagnetization and superdiffusive spin transport at sub-picosecond timescale, giving rise to transient terahertz radiation. Concomitantly, light pulses also deposit thermal energy at short timescales, suggesting the possibility of abrupt change in magnetic anisotropy of the FM that could cause ultrafast photo-thermal switching (PTS) of terahertz spin currents. Here, a single light pulse induced PTS of the terahertz spin current manifested through the phase reversal of the emitted terahertz photons is demonstrated. The switching of the transient spin current is due to the reversal of the magnetization state across the energy barrier of the FM layer. This demonstration opens a new paradigm for on-chip spintronic devices enabling ultralow-power hybrid electronics and photonics fueled by the interplay of charge, spin, thermal, and optical signals