“The paving of ancient paths, testimony of an ancient culture: recovery of a traditional route in Genoa (Liguria, Italy)”

One of the characteristic features of villages and towns is the paths that run through them. These often bear the traces of an ancient culture, which is manifested both in the materials used and in the construction and maintenance practices implemented in different territories. Rediscovering these traces is essential to understanding and safeguarding this significant component of the material history, which is often distorted or obliterated during urban interventions, owing to lack of knowledge. This paper presents a project for the enhancement and recovery of one of the traditional routes that run through Genoa from the coast to the mountains. These so-called "crêuze" are frequently made up of a central strip of bricks flanked by cobble-stones. In rainy weather, these bricks facilitate the passage of people, while proper drainage is ensured by the cambered profile and the cobble-stone side channels, which slow down the flow of water. To maximise the durability of these paths, both the construction techniques and the wise choice of materials and their processing were fundamental. Thus, this research also aims to ascertain the durability of the different materials used through their compositional and physical analysis. Awareness of the material culture that enabled such a high level of expertise to be achieved in the construction of these particular paths constitutes a valuable resource for correct interventions. The project involves private and public partners and also provides an opportunity to protect the territory through the proper management of water. In the past, water management was well organized. However, the various urban stratifications have given rise to evident problems

Stocking Rate and Supplementation Effects on Performance of Lambs Grazing Triticale and Ryegrass Sward in Uruguay

An experiment was carried out from 9 June to 2 October 1997, using a Lolium multiflorum Lom. (Ryegrass) and X Triticosecale Wittmack (triticale) sward to evaluate the effect of stocking rate (SR; 20, 30 and 40 lambs/ha), and supplementation (S; with or without) on Corriedale lamb performance. SR had a significant effect on: liveweight gain (160, 130 and 90 g/an/d, P\u3c 0.01); greasy fleece weight (2.8, 2.7 and 2.3 kg, P\u3c 0.01); fiber diameter (28, 27, and 26 microns, P\u3c 0.05); rib eye depth (2.4, 2.1 and 2.0 cm, P\u3c 0.05); fat cover (3.2, 2.1 and 1.5 cm, P\u3c 0.01); hot carcass weight (17.7, 15.6 and 13.5 kg/an, P\u3c 0.01); GR (10.5, 6.6 and 4.2 mm, P\u3c 0.01) and boneless leg weight (1.56, 1.42 and 1.24 kg, P\u3c 0.05), for 20, 30 and 40 lambs per ha, respectively. At the highest SR, lambs increased grazing time (59 vs 52%) and biting rate (29 vs 26 bites/lamb/min). The mayor influence of S on lamb performance was found in grazing behavior variables: (grazing time (63 vs 50%, P\u3c 0.01); biting rate (26.8 vs 28.4 bites/lamb/min, P\u3c 0.01)), carcass characteristics: (hot carcass weight (15.3 vs 16.0 kg, P\u3c 0.05); GR (7.9 and 6.3 mm, P\u3c 0.05)) for with and without supplement, respectively. Over the experimental period (115 days), liveweight production and wool production ranged from 358 to 437 kg/ha for 20 and 30 lambs/ha respectively, and wool production from 55 to 93 kg/ha for 20 and 40 lambs/ha respectively. These results show the potential use of mixed ryegrass and triticale swards to produce high quality lamb meat even at high SRs, and the convenience of using supplements only when sward conditions are not sufficient to maintain an adequate lamb performance, particularly when high lamb SRs are used

Lamb Stocking Rate and Supplementation Effects on Mixed Triticale and Ryegrass Swards Characteristics

An experiment was carried out from 9 June to 22 October 1997, using a Lolium multiflorum L. (ryegrass) and Triticosecale Wittmack (triticale) mixed sward grazed by lambs in a rotational grazing system, to determine the effect of stocking rate (SR; 20, 30 and 40 lambs/ha) and supplementation (S; with or without) on herbage production, composition and nutritive value. SR affected significantly before and after grazing herbage mass and sward height, being higher the values of these variables at the lower SR (3232, 2611 and 2345 kg DM ha-1, P \u3c 0.05; 2557, 1761 and 1612 kg DM ha-1, P \u3c 0.01; 17, 11 and 9 cm, P \u3c 0.01 respectively). Increments in SR had an effect on post grazing sward composition, increasing the proportion of ryegrass (32, 36 and 47 %, P\u3c 0.05) and decreasing triticale contribution (68, 64 and 55 %, P\u3c 0.05) for 20, 30 and 40 lambs/ha. The effect of SR on sward nutritive value was not very clear. Before grazing, S affected significantly herbage mass, being higher the values at the supplemented treatments (2787 vs. 2672 kg DM ha-1, P \u3c 0.10). This experiment showed the high potential of forage production and nutritive value of ryegrass and triticale swards for lamb production in the sandy soil region of Uruguay, and the dominant effect of SR, compared to S, on most of the sward variables considered

B-cell lymphomas with discordance between pathological features and clinical behavior

B-cell lymphomas encompass a large number of disease entities clinically ranging from indolent to aggressive. The defining pathological features usually predict clinical course, with small and large B-cell lymphomas correlating to low-grade vs high-grade features, but discordant situations may be encountered. Two sessions of the workshop of the XVIII meeting of the European Association for Haematopathology (EAHP) held in Basel in 2016 addressed this topic. One session illustrated various facets of "aggressiveness" in indolent lymphomas, either peculiar clinical manifestations, cytological variants, or unusual genetic features, as well as several examples of progression or transformation to a more aggressive disease. Another session exemplified large B-cell lymphomas with unexpected indolent behavior including cases arising in well-defined body compartments or in sanctuary sites. This paper describes the features of the cases presented in both groups, highlights the most salient points of discussion raised by the submitters and the panel, and summarizes current knowledge and recommendations relevant to diagnostic pathology practice

The genetic landscape of dural marginal zone lymphomas

The dura is a rare site of involvement by marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and the biology of dural MZL is not well understood. We performed genome-wide DNA copy number and targeted mutational analysis of 14 dural MZL to determine the genetic landscape of this entity. Monoallelic and biallelic inactivation of TNFAIP3 by mutation (n=5) or loss (n=1) was observed in 6/9 (67%) dural MZL exhibiting plasmacytic differentiation, including 3 IgG4+ cases. In contrast, activating NOTCH2 mutations were detected in 4/5 (80%) dural MZL displaying variable monocytoid morphology. Inactivating TBL1XR1 mutations were identified in all NOTCH2 mutated cases. Recurrent mutations in KLHL6 (n=2) and MLL2 (n=2) were also detected. Gains at 6p25.3 (n=2) and losses at 1p36.32 (n=3) were common chromosomal imbalances, with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of these loci observed in a subset of cases. Translocations involving the IGH or MALT1 genes were not identified. Our results indicate genetic similarities between dural MZL and other MZL subtypes. However, recurrent and mutually exclusive genetic alterations of TNFAIP3 and NOTCH2 appear to be associated with distinct disease phenotypes in dural MZL

Poverty, Fishing and Livelihoods on Lake Kossou, Cote d'Ivoire

Poverty analysis in fisheries is dominated by assumptions of a linear relationship between fishing, income and poverty. Poverty is seen as a function of income, and income as a function of fish catch. Thus, the analytical frameworks to understand poverty in fisheries, and the policies enacted to reduce it, have focused on issues of overexploitation, regulatory mechanisms to maximize rent extraction, and technological innovation to improve fisheries’ productivity. This set of relations is underpinned by the assumption that improving fish catch per se would reduce fishers’ poverty. The study of fishing livelihoods on Lake Kossou in Côte d’Ivoire problematizes some of these assumptions. I revisit the “essentialization” of fishers with fish by utilizing the Sustainable Livelihood Approach as a lens of analysis, and by demonstrating that fishers’ livelihoods are based on a diversified portfolio of activities that span multiple sectors. Looking at livelihoods also questions the validity of the conventional “sites” of poverty analysis in fisheries (i.e. the boat, the landing site) and how these lead to misrepresentations of fishers’ livelihoods by emphasizing the upstream elements (catches) to the detriment of downstream activities in the value chain (processing and trading) that are crucial in the realization of fishers’ sustainable livelihoods. Looking at the complexity of fishers’ livelihoods sheds light on the relations between poverty (as an outcome variable) and vulnerability as a constant condition that is linked to access to multiple types of assets, the institutional contexts in which they operate, and the ways in which access to natural resources is constantly re-negotiated. To that effect, this study shows how access to Lake Kossou took a completely new meaning when the coffee-cocoa economy collapsed and young Ivorians saw it as an opportunity being stolen from them by Malian fishers. The context of post-colonial national identity formation (epitomized in the search for “Ivoirité”) served as political justification for claiming new rights to natural resources that had been relatively unimportant until then in economic terms. Finally, this study provides an innovative approach to poverty analysis by emphasizing its multiple dimensions, and by utilizing the statistical fuzzy sets methodology to construct multidimensional poverty indices

Conservtion et valorisation du patrimoine architectural et paysag\ue9 des sites c\uf4tiers M\ue9diterran\ue9ens - RIPAM 7

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\u648\u62a\u642\u627\u633\u645 \u627\u644\u62e\u628\u631\u627Questo libro contiene gli abstracts dei contributi alla conferenza RIPAM 7 "Conservazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio architettonico e ambientale dei siti costieri del Mediterraneo, sia come comunicaizoni orali, sia come posters. Ogni abstract \ue8 pubblicato in due lingue: la prima lingua \ue8 una delle due lingue internazionali ufficiali (inglese o francese), la seconda lingua \ue8 a scelta dell'autore tra una delle altre lingue del mediterraneo (italiano, portoghese, spagnolo, arabo, greco moderno..). Nel 2005, ricercatori, accademici, storici, scienziati conservatori, architetti, curatori, provenienti da paesi e istituzioni del bacino del Mediterraneo, hanno instaurato legami per cercare di affrontare i problemi e le tematiche inerenti al patrimonio architettonico del Mediterraneo. Essi hanno organizzato diversi incontri tra cui Meknes (Marocco, 2005 - RIPAM1), Marrakech (Marocco, 2007 - RIPAM2), Lisbona (Portogallo, 2009 - RIPAM3), M'Sila (Algeria, 2012 - RIPAM4), Marsiglia (Francia, 2013 - RIPAM5) e Monastir (Tunisia, 2015 - RIPAM6). Ogni volta questi incontri hanno sottolineato la volont\ue0 di continuare ad organizzare questi eventi per condividere le conoscenze e consolidare la conservazione del patrimonio architettonico nelle politiche e nella coscienza nazionale. Con pi\uf9 di un centinaio di partecipanti per ogni riunione, hanno messo in primo piano la necessit\ue0 di una struttura chiara, per aumentare questa rete di competenze e di trasformare la dinamica in un importante incontro per il patrimonio architettonico del mediterraneo.This volume contains the abstracts of the contributions to the conference RIPAM 7 " Conservation and promotion of architectural and landscape heritage of the Mediterranean coastal sites", both oral communications and posters. Each abstract is published in two different languages (French or English or Italian or Greek or Portuguese or Arabic). The RIPAM (French acronym for Interantional Meetings on Architectural Heritage of Mediterranean) are both meetings and a network of people and institutions working for the knowledge and the preservation of the Mediterranean architectural and urban heritage: Meknes (Marocco, 2005 - RIPAM1), Marrakech (Marocco, 2007 - RIPAM2), Lisbonne (Portugal, 2009 - RIPAM3), M'sila (Alg\ue9rie, 2012 - RIPAM4), Marseille (France, 2013 - RIPAM5), Monastir (Tunisia, 2015 - RIPAM6). The seventh RIPAM conference "Conservation and promotion of architectural and landscape heritage of the Mediterranean coastal sites", (see www.ripam2017genova.org), has been organised in Genoa, September 20th-22nd 2017, by DAD (Dipartimento Architettura e Design, Universit\ue0 degli Studi di Genova) and CNR-ICVBC ( Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la COnservazione e Valorizzazione dei Beni Culturali di Firenze)Ce livre contient les r\ue9sum\ue9s des contributions \ue0 la conference RIPAM 7 " Conservatin et valorisation du patrimoine architectural et paysag\ue9 des sites c\uf4tiers m\ue9diterran\ue9ens", soit les communications orales que les posters. Chaque r\ue9sum\ue9 est publi\ue9 dans deux langues diff\ue9rentes (les langues principales sont Fran\ue7ais, Anglais, Italien, Arabe mais il y a aussi des r\ue9sum\ue9s en Grec et en Portugais). Les RIPAM (Rencontres Internationales du Patrimoine Architectural M\ue9diterran\ue9en) sont \ue0 la fois des rencontres et un r\ue9seau de personnes et d'institutions oeuvrant \ue0 la connaissance et \ue0 la conservation du patrimoine architectural et urbain m\ue9diterran\ue9en: Mekn\ue8s (Maroc) en 2005 - RIPAM1, Marrakech (Maroc) en 2007 - RIPAM2, Lisbonne (Portugal) en 2009 - RIPAM3, M'sila (Alg\ue9rie) en 2012 - RIPAM4, Marseille (France) en 2013 - RIPAM5, Monastir (Tunisia) en 2015 - RIPAM6. La septi\ue8me conf\ue9rence RIPAM " Conservation et valorisation du patrimoine architectural et paysag\ue9 des sites c\uf4tiers m\ue9diterran\ue9ens", a \ue9t\ue9 organis\ue9e a Genes, 20-22 septembre 2017, par le DAD (Dipartimento Architettura e Design, Universit\ue0 degli Studi di Genova) et le CNR-ICVBC (COnsiglio Nazionale delle RIcerche, Istituto per la COnservazione e Valorizzazione dei Beni CUlturali di Firenze

From "intangible" to "tangible" heritage. Shared knowledge for conservation.

Is it possible to conserve the material heritage and at the same time achieve a proper transmission of the intangible heritage linked to it? Is this the exclusive task of professionals or is an active role of territorial communities possible? These are some of the questions animating today's debate on the conservation of the so-called minor cultural heritage. A series of case studies were analyzed as part of a research project conducted by the University of Genoa in collaboration with the CNR; the aim of this research was to analyze the strategies for the conservation of tangible and intangible heritage, to understand the level of involvement of the populations and the possible role of the scientific community in the heritage conservation process. In particular, the study was extended to different realities in Mediterranean area (in Italy and in Algerian, Tunisian and Moroccan contexts). One of the future perspectives of this research is to arrive at guidelines with multidisciplinary approaches for joint actions towards tangible and intangible heritage, implementing actions with the involvement of social participation, dissemination, education and communication