Open Competitive Exams for Teachers in Oristano between Competence Conflicts and Candidate Evaluation (1866-1913)

The article aims to analyze the recruitment practices for the election of the elementary teachers in Oristano between 1866 and 1913. The research is based on a large documentary investigation that started from f the Municipal and State Archives of Oristano in a first stage, and then continued in the State Archives of Cagliari and Sassari to deepen the careers of the teachers involved. The recruitment sessions held after 1908 are the real focus of the article. These are the subject of numerous appeals that highlight the dynamics of the relationship, often conflictual, between the teachers, the municipality and the institutions ruling the school in a period when, in Italy, is discussed the transition of the primary school administration from the municipalities to the State. What is observed in such a local and decentralized reality, then, finds its confirmation also in the wider national debate

El facto de scrivere: modelli, lingue e registri comunicativi nell'educazione epistolare alla corte sforzesca

In Milan, during the second half of the XV century, the Sforza princes’ teachers chose the chancery letter over the humanistic one as a model for their pupils’ letter-writing education. This kind of littera could be written in Latin or vernacular Italian and most of the times saw both languages used in different sections. In fact, the chancery letter is characterized by a great fluidity that allowed the writer to choose among many composition and expressive possibilities that emerge from intrinsic and extrinsic elements. The article aims to show how these choices (kind of handwriting, mise en page, and most of all language) contribute to create a wide variety of communicative registers

Governare la città, governare la peste: pratiche di isolamento e quarantena nel ducato di Milano attraverso le lettere di Ludovico il Moro (1467)

This article illustrates a moment in the political training of Ludovico Maria Sforza, also known as il Moro. In 1467, the adolescent Ludovico is in Cremona, his mother's dowry city, to continue his studies under the guidance of tutors, and to learn, through dialogue with local administrators, how to govern the city. This represents a case of princely education, allowing the prince-in-training to assimilate a series of essential power and relationship practices necessary for leading the state, with the littere clause serving as a rich testimony to these experiences.L’articolo illustra un momento della formazione all’esercizio del potere di Ludovico Maria Sforza detto il Moro. Nel 1467, Ludovico adolescente è a Cremona, città dotale della madre, per proseguire, seguito da maestri, il suo iter di studi e imparare, nel dialogo con gli amministratori locali, a reggere la città. Si tratta quindi di un caso di éducation princière che permette al principe di assimilare una serie di pratiche di potere e di relazione indispensabili per governare lo stato e che trova nelle littere clause una testimonianza ricca e vivace

Effects of axial torsion on sp carbon atomic nanowires

Ab-initio calculations within Density Functional Theory combined with experimental Raman spectra on cluster-beam deposited pure carbon films provide a consistent picture of sp-carbon chains stabilized by sp^3 or sp^2 terminations, the latter being sensitive to torsional strain. This unexplored effect promises many exciting applications since it allows one to modify the conductive states near the Fermi level and to switch on and off the on-chain pi-electron magnetism.Comment: in print in Phys Rev Let

Le scuole latine tra percezione popolare e riforme scolastiche nella Lombardia del Settecento

In 18th century Lombardy a well-developed offer of grammar schools granted rural bourgeoisie and some artisans and shopkeepers easy access to Latin education. The Habsburg school reforms (1774, 1786) aim to reduce the offer of Latin education and transform the grammar schools into normal schools for “common education”. The opposition of rural municipalities produced a body of proof concerning the perception of the meanings of Latin education in the countryside of Lombardy

<i>De novo</i> synthesis of budding yeast DNA polymerase alpha and <i>POL1</i> transcription at the G₁/S boundary are not required for entrance into S phase

The POL1 gene, encoding DNA polymerase α(pol α) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is transiently transcribed during the cell cycle at the G1/S phase boundary. Here we show that yeast pol α is present at every stage of the cell cycle, and its level only slightly increases following the peak of POL1 transcription. POL1 mRNA synthesis driven by a GAL1 promoter can be completely abolished without affecting the growth rate of logarithmically growing yeast cultures for several cell divisions, although the amount of the pol α polypeptide drops below the physiological level. Moreover, α-factor-arrested cells can enter S phase and divide synchronously even if POL1 transcription is abolished. These results indicate that the level of yeast pol α is not rate limiting and de novo synthesis of the enzyme is not required for entrance into S phase

Growth of sp-sp² nanostructures in a carbon plasma

The growth of sp and sp² nanostructures in a carbon plasma is simulated by tight-binding molecular dynamics. The simulations are arranged so as to mimic the cluster formation conditions typical of a pulsed microplasma cluster source which is used to grow nanostructured sp-sp² carbon films [L. Ravagnan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 216103 (2007)]. The formation of linear, ring, and fullerenelike objects in the carbon plasma is found to proceed through a very long multistep process. Therefore, tight-binding simulations of unprecedented duration have been performed by exploiting the disconnected topology of the simulated carbon plasma which made it possible to implement a computationally efficient divide-and-diagonalize procedure. Present simulations prove that topologically different structures can be formed in experiments, depending on the plasma temperature and density. A thorough characterization of the observed structures as well as their evolution (caused both by thermal annealing and by cluster ripening) is provided.Yasutaka Yamaguchi, Luciano Colombo, Paolo Piseri, Luca Ravagnan, and Paolo Milani. Phys. Rev. B 76, 134119, 2007. Copyright 2007 by the American Physical Society