223 research outputs found
Strong-coupling analysis of scanning tunneling spectra in BiSrCaCuO
We study a series of spectra measured in the superconducting state of
optimally-doped Bi-2223 by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Each spectrum, as
well as the average of spectra presenting the same gap, is fitted using a
strong-coupling model taking into account the band structure, the BCS gap, and
the interaction of electrons with the spin resonance. After describing our
measurements and the main characteristics of the strong-coupling model, we
report the whole set of parameters determined from the fits, and we discuss
trends as a function of the gap magnitude. We also simulate angle-resolved
photoemission spectra, and compare with recent experimental results.Comment: Published versio
Effect of oxygen-doping on Bi-2223 vortex matter: Crossover from electromagnetic to Josephson interlayer coupling
We study the effect of oxygen-doping on the critical temperature, Tc, the
vortex matter phase diagram and the nature of the coupling mechanism between
the Cu-O layers in the three-layer Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+delta (Bi-2223) compound.
Contrary to previous reports, in the overdoped (OD) regime we do find a
variation of Tc with increasing the oxygen partial-pressure of the
post-annealing treatment. This variation is less significant than in the
bi-layer parental compound Bi-2212 and does not follow the universal Tc
vs.delta relation. Magnetic measurements reveal that increasing delta enlarges
the field and temperature stability of the Bragg glass phase. These findings
imply that the interlayer coupling between Cu-O layers enhances with delta. The
anisotropy parameter estimated from directional first-penetration field
measurements monotonously decreases from 50 in the underdoped (UD) to 15 in the
OD regimes. However, the in-plane penetration depth presents a boomerang-like
behaviour with , reaching its minimum value close to optimal doping.
These two facts lead to a crossover from a Josephson(OD) to
electromagnetic(UD)-dominated coupling of adjacent Cu-O layers in the vicinity
of optimal doping
First direct observation of the Van Hove singularity in the tunneling spectra of cuprates
In two-dimensional lattices the electronic levels are unevenly spaced, and
the density of states (DOS) displays a logarithmic divergence known as the Van
Hove singularity (VHS). This is the case in particular for the layered cuprate
superconductors. The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) probes the DOS, and is
therefore the ideal tool to observe the VHS. No STM study of cuprate
superconductors has reported such an observation so far giving rise to a debate
about the possibility of observing directly the normal state DOS in the
tunneling spectra. In this study, we show for the first time that the VHS is
unambiguously observed in STM measurements performed on the cuprate Bi-2201.
Beside closing the debate, our analysis proves the presence of the pseudogap in
the overdoped side of the phase diagram of Bi-2201 and discredits the scenario
of the pseudogap phase crossing the superconducting dome.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Magnetic glassy phase in FeSeTe single crystals
The evolution of the magnetic order in FeSeTe crystals as a function of Se
content was investigated by means of ac/dc magnetometry and muon-spin
spectroscopy. Experimental results and self-consistent DFT calculations both
indicate that muons are implanted in vacant iron-excess sites, where they probe
a local field mainly of dipolar origin, resulting from an antiferromagnetic
(AFM) bicollinear arrangement of iron spins. This long-range AFM phase
disorders progressively with increasing Se content. At the same time all the
tested samples manifest a marked glassy character that vanishes for high Se
contents. The presence of local electronic/compositional inhomogeneities most
likely favours the growth of clusters whose magnetic moment "freezes" at low
temperature. This glassy magnetic phase justifies both the coherent muon
precession seen at short times in the asymmetry data, as well as the glassy
behaviour evidenced by both dc and ac magnetometry.Comment: Approved for publication in J. Phys.: Condens. Matte
Imaging the essential role of spin-fluctuations in high-Tc superconductivity
We have used scanning tunneling spectroscopy to investigate short-length
electronic correlations in three-layer Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O(10+d) (Bi-2223). We show
that the superconducting gap and the energy Omega_dip, defined as the
difference between the dip minimum and the gap, are both modulated in space
following the lattice superstructure, and are locally anti-correlated. Based on
fits of our data to a microscopic strong-coupling model we show that Omega_dip
is an accurate measure of the collective mode energy in Bi-2223. We conclude
that the collective mode responsible for the dip is a local excitation with a
doping dependent energy, and is most likely the (pi,pi) spin resonance.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells migrate in afferent skin lymph (Correction: vol 180, pg 5963, 2008)
Diamagnetism above Tc in underdoped Bi2.2Sr1.8Ca2Cu3O10+d
Single crystals of (Bi2223) with were grown by a traveling solvent floating
zone method in order to investigate the superconducting properties of highly
underdoped Bi2223.Grown crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, DC
susceptibility and resistivity measurements, confirming Bi2223 to be the main
phase.The crystals were annealed under various oxygen partial pressures to
adjust their carrier densities from optimally doped to highly underdoped.The
fluctuation diamagnetic component above the superconducting transition
temperature extracted from the anisotropic normal state
susceptibilities () and ()
was found to increase with underdoping, suggesting a decrease in the
superconducting dimensionality and/or increase in the fluctuating vortex liquid
region.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, corrected fig.4 and references, published in J.
Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79, 114711 (2010
Elevated anti-Zta IgG levels and EBV viral load are associated with site of tumor presentation in endemic Burkitt's lymphoma patients: a case control study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is an extranodal tumor appearing predominantly in the jaw in younger children while abdominal tumors predominate with increasing age. Previous studies have identified elevated levels of antibodies to <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>schizont extracts and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigens (VCA) in endemic BL relative to malaria exposed controls. However, these studies have neither determined if there were any differences based on the site of clinical presentation of the tumor nor examined a broader panel of EBV and <it>P. falciparum </it>antigens.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We used a suspension bead Luminex assay to measure the IgG levels against EBV antigens, VCA, EAd, EBNA-1 and Zta as well as <it>P. falciparum </it>MSP-1, LSA-1, and AMA-1 antigens in children with BL (n = 32) and in population-based age-and sex-matched controls (n = 25) from a malaria endemic region in Western Kenya with high incidence of BL. EBV viral load in plasma was determined by quantitative PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Relative to healthy controls, BL patients had significantly increased anti-Zta (<it>p </it>= 0.0017) and VCA IgG levels (<it>p </it>< 0.0001) and plasma EBV viral loads (<it>p </it>< 0.0001). In contrast, comparable IgG levels to all <it>P. falciparum </it>antigens tested were observed in BL patients compared to controls. Interestingly, when we grouped BL patients into those presenting with abdominal tumors or with jaw tumors, we observed significantly higher levels of anti-Zta IgG levels (<it>p </it>< 0.0065) and plasma EBV viral loads (<it>p </it>< 0.033) in patients with abdominal tumors compared to patients with jaw tumors.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Elevated antibodies to Zta and elevated plasma EBV viral load could be relevant biomarkers for BL and could also be used to confirm BL presenting in the abdominal region.</p
Markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo; implications for malaria chemoprevention
Background Sulfadoxineâpyrimethamine (SP) is a cornerstone of malaria chemoprophylaxis and is considered for programmes in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). However, SP efficacy is threatened by drug resistance, that is conferred by mutations in the dhfr and dhps genes. The World Health Organization has specified that intermittent preventive treatment for infants (IPTi) with SP should be implemented only if the prevalence of the dhps K540E mutation is under 50%. There are limited current data on the prevalence of resistance-conferring mutations available from Eastern DRC. The current study aimed to address this knowledge gap. Methods Dried blood-spot samples were collected from clinically suspected malaria patients [outpatient department (OPD)] and pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) in four sites in North and South Kivu, DRC. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed on samples from individuals with positive and with negative rapid diagnostic test (RDT) results. Dhps K450E and A581G and dhfr I164L were assessed by nested PCR followed by allele-specific primer extension and detection by multiplex bead-based assays. Results Across populations, Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence was 47.9% (1160/2421) by RDT and 71.7 (1763/2421) by qPCR. Median parasite density measured by qPCR in RDT-negative qPCR-positive samples was very low with a median of 2.3 parasites/ÂľL (IQR 0.5â25.2). Resistance genotyping was successfully performed in RDT-positive samples and RDT-negative/qPCR-positive samples with success rates of 86.2% (937/1086) and 55.5% (361/651), respectively. The presence of dhps K540E was high across sites (50.3â87.9%), with strong evidence for differences between sites (pâ<â0.001). Dhps A581G mutants were less prevalent (12.7â47.2%). The dhfr I164L mutation was found in one sample. Conclusions The prevalence of the SP resistance marker dhps K540E exceeds 50% in all four study sites in North and South Kivu, DRC. K540E mutations regularly co-occurred with mutations in dhps A581G but not with the dhfr I164L mutation. The current results do not support implementation of IPTi with SP in the study area
Group Space Allowance Has Little Effect on Sow Health, Productivity, or Welfare in a Free-Access Stall System
Free-access stalls allow sows to choose the protection of a stall or use of a shared group space. This study investigated the effect of group space width, 0.91 (SS), 2.13 (IS), and 3.05 (LS) m, on the health, production, behavior, and welfare of gestating sows. Nine replications of 21 (N = 189) gestating sows were used. At gestational d 35.4 ¹ 2.3, the pregnant sows were distributed into 3 pens of 7 sows, where they remained until 104.6 ¹ 3.5 d. Each treatment pen had 7 free-access stalls and a group space that together provided 1.93 (SS), 2.68 (IS), or 3.24 (LS) m2/sow. Baseline measurements were obtained before mixing. Back fat depth, BW, BCS, and lameness were measured monthly, and skin lesions were scored weekly. Blood was collected monthly for hematological, immunological, and cortisol analyses. Sow behavior was video recorded continuously during the initial 4 d of treatment and 24 h every other week thereafter. Behavior was analyzed for location, posture, pen investigation, social contact, and aggression. Skin response to the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) was tested at mean gestational d 106. Litter characteristics including size and weight were collected at birth and weaning. The data were analyzed using a mixed model. Multiple comparisons were adjusted with the Tukey-Kramer and Bejamini-Hochberg methods. Group space allowance had no effect on any measure of sow health, physiology, or production (P ⼠0.10). Sows in the SS, IS, and LS pens spent 77.88% ¹ 3.88%, 66.02% ¹ 3.87%, and 63.64% ¹ 3.91%, respectively, of their time in the free-access stalls (P = 0.12). However, SS sows used the group space less than IS and LS sows (P = 0.01). Overall, pen investigatory behavior was not affected by group space allowance (P = 0.91). Sows in the LS pens spent more time in a social group than SS sows (P = 0.02), whereas sows in IS pens were intermediate to, but not different from, the other treatments (P ⼠0.10). The size of the social groups was also affected by the group space allowance (P = 0.03), with SS sows forming smaller groups than LS sows; again, IS sows were intermediate to, but not different from, the other treatments. Although the group space allowance had no measurable impact on the health, physiology, or productivity of the sows, the lower group space use and social contact of the SS sows reduced the behavioral diversity benefits of group housing and may indicate an avoidance of social stressors or a lack of physical comfort in the smallest pens
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