An experimental model to retraining in microvascular suture

PURPOSE: To demonstrate an experimental model of up to four hours a week of independent study that allows relearning in microvascular sutures.METHODS: Wistar rats between 200 and 500 grams surplus research experiments were used. Femoral vessels are covered on one or both sides through a groin incision obliquely along the inguinal ligament. Femoral artery and vein are isolated and measured being clamped and cut. The individual performs in microvascular anastomosis complexity arterial and venous terminoterminal sequence. terminolateral and venous and arterial grafts in vessels. Permeability is evaluated by testing vascular patency after creation of microvascular anastomosis.RESULTS: In the first specimen, only arterial and venous vascular anastomosis are performed terminoterminal. The average diameter of the femoral veins varies from 0.8 to 2 mm between rodents (artery, between 0.6 and 1.4 mm, between 0.8 and 2 mm vein). The superficiality of the vessels allows faster dissection, may also be held in other inguinal region.CONCLUSION: The model of individual retraining allows learning microvascular suture in individuals of permanent staff.Federal University of São Paulo Paulista School of MedicineFederal University of Health ScienceFederal University of Pelotas Department of SurgeryUNIFESPUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

A gastrocnemius heterotopical transplant model with end-to-side neurorraphy

PURPOSE: To present an animal model to assess the effects of end-to-side innervation in the heterotopically transplanted model with reduced chances of neural contamination.METHODS:The medial portion of the gastrocnemius muscle in wistar male rats was isolated and its pedicle dissected and performed a flap in the abdominal portion. To prevent neural contamination in the abdominal region, the muscle was wrapped with a Goretex(r) sheet. The specimens were divided into 2 groups (G). In G1 was performed an end-to-end suture between tibial nerve of the gastrocnemius and femoral motor nerve and between the saphenous sensory nerve and the motor nerve. In G2 was performed a end-to-side suture between the tibial nerve and the motor femoral and between the tibial nerve and saphenous motor nerve. The specimens were evaluated 60 days later to check the structure of the neurorraphy. Sections were obtained proximal and distal to the coaptation site.RESULTS:The medial gastrocnemius muscle had the advantage of maintaining visible mass after 60 days. No disruption of the coaptation site was found. No major injury to the donor nerve was seen in group 2.CONCLUSION: The proposed model is simple, reproduciple and prevent the neural contamination in the flap in end-to-side suture.Federal University of São Paulo Paulista School of MedicinePontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Hospital São LucasMcMaster UniversityFederal University of Health ScienceFederal University of Pelotas Departament of SurgeryUNIFESPUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Overcoming dormancy in seeds of biribá and seedling growth

The study aimed to evaluate the influence of overcoming dormancy of seeds of biribá through chemical and mechanical method in the emergence and initial growth of seedlings. The fruits were acquired from a mother plant in Cascavel (PR).  The experimental design was a completely randomized in factorial 2 x 3, with four repetition, containing 25 seeds each repetition. The first factor was constituted of scarification with sandpaper n.80 of the two sides opposite the micropyle (with and without), the second factor was the soaking for 24 h (water, GA3 in the concentration of 1000 mg L-1 and without soaking). The count was performed for up to 60 days, being calculated the emergence speed index, average time of emergence and speed of emergence. When the stabilization was achieved, the ratings of seedlings as the main root length and shoot, diameter of stem, number of leaflets, dry biomass of root, shoot and total seedlings. The imbibition in GA3 promoted to overcome dormancy leishmaniasis, being that the chiseling in conjunction obtained better average speed of emergence and seedling length, thus confirming that the two techniques in conjunction assists in the growth of biribá seedlings

Effect of manipueira on Meloidogyne incognita through in vitro and in vivo essays on tomatoes in greenhouse

Objetivou-se estudar o efeito nematicida de manipueira no controle de Meloidogyne incognita. Testes in vitro foram divididos em dois ensaios inteiramente casualizados: 1. manipueira a 100%, 75%, 50% e 25% em 12 repetições; 2. manipueira a 15%, 10%, 8%, 6%, 4% e 2% em 5 repetições. O ensaio em vasos seguiu o delineamento inteiramente casualisado com manipueira a 10%, 25% e 50% em 5 repetições. Para ambos os ensaios utilizou-se o tratamento somente água como testemunha positiva e Carbofuran (50 mg.L-1 de ingrediente ativo (i.a.) ou 2 g de produto comercial/vaso) como negativa. Para os ensaios in vitro foram avaliados nematóides vivos e mortos e número de galhas em plantas inoculadas. Para os ensaios em vaso foram avaliadas as variáveis altura de plantas, comprimento de raízes, número de galhas, número de ovos e fator de reprodução (FR). Os resultados in vitro demonstraram que os tratamentos com manipueira até 10% de diluição apresentaram 100% de controle. O ensaio com tomateiros previamente inoculados demonstrou que o tratamento manipueira 50% causou um melhor desenvolvimento da parte aérea das plantas de tomate. Os tratamentos manipueira a 10% e 25% foram mais efetivos no controle de M. incognita em vasos.The aim of this work was to study the nematicidal effect of manipueira on the control of Meloidogyne incognita. In vitro tests were split into two completely randomized assays: 1. manipueira 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% in 12 replications; 2. manipueira 15%, 10%, 8%, 6%, 4% and 2% in 5 replications. The pot assay followed a completely randomized design with the treatments manipueira 10%, 25% and 50% in 5 replications. For both assays the positive control was water and the negative control was the nematicide Carbofuran (50 mg.L-1 of active ingredient (a.i.) or 2 g of commercial product/pot). For in vitro assays the variables assessed were live or dead nematodes and number of galls on inoculated plants. For the pot assay the variables evaluated were plant height, root length, number of galls, number of eggs and reproduction factor (RF). The in vitro results indicated that only the manipueira treatments from 100% to 10% dilution showed maximum control. The pot assay demonstrated that the treatment manipueira 50% caused better development of tomato shoots than the others. However, manipueira 10% and 25% were more effective against of M. incognita in pots

Genetic variability in field populations of the soybean cyst nematode from the states of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Este estudo objetivou conhecer a variabilidade genética em populações do nematóide de cisto da soja (NCS), Heterodera glycines, utilizando para inoculação das diferenciadoras populações monocísticas e policísticas. Cistos de H. glycines foram extraídos de amostras de solo coletadas em plantações de soja dos municípios de Cruz Alta RS e Porto Mendes PR e em Novo Horizonte PR, distrito de Marechal Cândido Rondon, com posterior inoculação de ovos e J2 nas diferenciadoras. A reação das diferenciadoras frente ao inóculo policístico permitiu a identificação apenas da raça prevalecente ou em maior população dentro de cada amostra coletada, tendo sido detectada apenas a raça 3 na amostra de Cruz Alta e somente a raça 6 na amostra de Porto Mendes. Porém, não foi possível identificar a raça prevalecente de H. glycines para a amostra de Novo Horizonte. Contudo, quando se estudou a variabilidade genética do NCS dentro de cada amostra, utilizando-se inóculo oriundo da multiplicação de cistos individuais, observou-se a ocorrência das raças 6 e 3 na amostra de Cruz Alta, raças 6, 5 e 2 para Porto Mendes e raças 10 e 6 para Novo Horizonte. Portanto, o processo monocístico permitiu antever a evolução populacional das raças nas amostras do NCS estudadas.This work aimed to study the genetic variability in populations of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, using polycystic and monocystic populations for inoculation on differential hosts. Cysts of H. glycines were extracted from soil samples collected in soybean plantations from the counties of Cruz Alta RS and Porto Mendes PR and from Novo Horizonte PR, district of Marechal Cândido Rondon, with further inoculation of eggs and J2 on differential hosts. The differential host reaction, using polycystic inoculum, allowed only the identification of the prevalent race or the race with highest population within each sample. In the sample of Cruz Alta only race 3 was detected and in the sample of Porto Mendes only race 6. However, it was not possible to identify the prevalent race of H. glycines in the sample of Novo Horizonte. Nevertheless, when the genetic variability of SCN was studied within each population, using inoculum from populations built up from single cysts, races 6 and 3 were detected in the sample of Cruz Alta, races 6, 5 and 2 from Porto Mendes and races 10 and 6 from Novo Horizonte. Therefore, the monocystic process allowed to know the race diversity in the samples studied

Inheritance of resistance to cotton blue disease

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a herança da resistência do algodoeiro à doença-azul. Populações derivadas das variedades resistentes CD 401 e Delta Opal foram avaliadas em casa de vegetação, por meio da inoculação de pulgões virulíferos. A resistência à doença-azul do algodoeiro é condicionada por um gene dominante, tanto em 'DC 401' quanto em 'Delta Opal'.The objective of this work was to determine the inheritance of cotton blue disease resistance by cotton plants. Populations derived from the CD 401 and Delta Opal resistant varieties were evaluated, through a greenhouse test with artificial inoculation by viruliferous aphids. Cotton blue disease resistance is conditioned by one dominant gene, both in CD 401 and Delta Opal varieties

Aqueous extract of tiririca, bio-stimulant and micronutrient in beet productivity and quality parameters

The use of stimulants in the beet crop can serve as a complement in the production and quality of the final product. In order to compare and evaluate the effects of physiological activators and aqueous extracts of tiririca on the parameters of beet quality and productivity, an experiment was conducted at the field in the municipality of Formosa do Oeste (Paraná, Brazil), in a typical dystroferric RED LATOSOL. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four treatments (T1 - control, T2 - Stimulate® 0.004%, T3 - tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) 10%, T4 - Starter® 0.004%), with seven replicates. The seedlings were kept in the soil for 24 h in each treatment and then taken to the field and planted in beds. Leaf height (cm), number of leaves, stem length (cm), root diameter (cm), slight effects (%), serious effects (%) and productivity (t ha-1) were evaluated. Micronutrient application increased yields by around 5 t ha-1. The aqueous extract of tiririca and biostimulant presented a larger root diameter in the beet