K-band high power latching switch

A 19 GHz waveguide latching switch with a bandwidth of 1400 MHz and an exceptionally low insertion loss of 0.25 dB was demonstrated. The RF and driver ferrites are separate structures and can be optimized individually. This analysis for each structure is separately detailed. Basically, the RF section features a dual turnstile junction. The circulator consists of a dielectric tube which contains two ferrite rods, and a dielectric spacer separating the ferrite parts along the center of symmetry of the waveguide to form two turnstiles. This subassembly is indexed and locked in the center of symmetry of a uniform junction of three waveguides by the metallic transformers installed in the top and bottom walls of the housing. The switching junction and its actuating circuitry met all RF performance objectives and all shock and vibration requirements with no physical damage or performance degradation. It exceeds thermal requirements by operating over a 100 C temperature range (-44 C to +56 C) and has a high power handling capability allowing up to 100 W of CW input power

Digital Vector Modulator with Diagnostic Circuit for Particle Accelerator

Modern particle accelerators[8] have very strict requirements for controlling signal. To generate signal controlling field in cavities there is a possibility to use digital vector modulator and analog upconverter[6]. Hardware circuit consists of FPGA device, digital to analog converter and low pass filter. For experiments there is also a need to design and develop measurement circuit. Same circuit could be used in final application as diagnostics module. This enables an option for constant long term measurement and fault detection. This paper presents construction of such module

Evaluation of Direct and Indirect Methods of Repairing Fractured

INTRODUCTION: The most common technology used in producing a fixed partial denture is firing porcelain to metal. The fracture of veneering material rarely occurs, although it is one of the most striking problems in daily practise. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of composite to porcelain and metal by using two intraoral repair methods: direct and indirect. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The direct method was performed by using Ceramic Repair System (Ivoclar, Lichtenstein) with and without sandblasting. The indirect method involved Co-Jet system (ESPE,Germany) and Rely X ARC (3M,USA) as luting agents. 180 specimens fabricated with feldspathic porcelain and Ni-Cr alloy were divided into 3 groups: CR/0 (direct method of repair without sandblasting), CR/S (direct method of repair with sandblasting) and CJ (indirect method based on Co-Jet system). Each of them was divided into 3 subgroups of 20: porcelain (P), porcelain and metal (P/M) and metal (M). The 10 specimens were then subjected to a shear test in a mechanical testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Mode of failure was recorded. Means and standart deviations of loads were calculated. RESULTS: Tested groups exhibited the following values in megapascals: CR/0-P = 20.36 ± 3.05; CR/0-P/M = 19.45 ± 3.49; CR/0-M = 10.86 ± 4.1; CR/S-P = 18.21 ± 2.62; CR/S-P/M = 19.34 ± 1.76; CR/S-M = 9,54 ± 2.48; CJ-P = 19.85 ± 1.94; CJ-P/M = 19,78 ± 3.60; CJ-M = 13.56 ± 3.82. The mean fractured loads were significantly lower for metal subgroups than for porcelain and porcelain/ metal subgroups. CONCLUSION: Higher shear bond strength is expected when porcelain was fractured without extensive metal exposure

Up-regulation of pathogenesis-related proteins in the apoplast of Malus domestica after application of a non-pathogenic bacterium

The intercellular washing fluid (IWF) of Malus domestica cv. Holsteiner Cox before and after application of the non-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Bk3 to the leaves was investigated in a comparative manner. SDS-PAGE in combination with ESI Q-ToF mass spectrometry, and homology search in relevant data bases revealed the highly up-regulated expression of several pathogenesis-related plant proteins in the apoplast of the leaves treated with P. fluorescens. These proteins were β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, thaumatin-like protein, ribonuclease-like protein, and a hevein-like protein. Moreover, a 9 kDa non-specific lipid transfer protein was significantly reduced after the application of P. fluorescens. The possible relevance of a pre-treatment of apple cultivars with the non-pathogenic bacterium P. fluorescens Bk3, as an alternative method to the treatment with fungicides, for increasing the resistance of susceptible apple cultivars against an infection with the fungus Venturia inaequalis is discussed

Conceptual design of elliptical cavities for intensity and position sensitive beam measurements in storage rings

Position sensitive beam monitors are indispensable for the beam diagnostics in storage rings. Apart from their applications in the measurements of beam parameters, they can be used in non-destructive in-ring decay studies of radioactive ion beams as well as enhancing precision in the isochronous mass measurement technique. In this work, we introduce a novel approach based on cavities with elliptical cross-section, in order to compensate for existing limitations in ion storage rings. The design is aimed primarily for future heavy ion storage rings of the FAIR project. The conceptual design is discussed together with simulation results.Comment: Added definition of Uv and Pdiss in the introduction section. Added Mode numbering in table 1 and figure 1 for more clarity. Corrected one wrong figure reference. Other minor typo correction