Rewriting portuguese women’s history at international expositions (1889-1908)

This article aims to understand how the changing nature of industrial schooling contributed to the erasure of women’s participation. Industrial schooling, manual work and the politics of exposition were increasingly conceived as male, despite the Portuguese tradition of female artisanal production. With the promotion of technological modernization, at the turn of the nineteenth century, women’s artisanal or mechanical productions were no longer considered “industrial;” henceforth they ceased to be recognized as a professional activity and were mistakenly categorized as homework. Marques Leitão and António Arroio appear as key players in this process through their efforts to redesign industrial schooling with a representation of industry that was more limited than before. In the process they repositioned women’s work firmly within the home, introducing a vision of feminine domesticity which had not held sway in Portugal until then. In the first three decades of the twentieth century, both men consolidated their vision of industrial schooling through written reports and studies that synthesized the legal and pedagogical changes that they defended. These documents, written by “experts” in the field, served as precious primary sources. Reality is the product of what is said and what is left unsaid. In this case, the material traces left by the industry of women lace workers in expositions offers a suggestive way to rewrite this history.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Introdução: género, educação, cidadania… o desafio

A inclusão da Educação para a Cidadania como uma componente transversal ao currículo traduz o reconhecimento de que a cidadania se aprende e que essa aprendizagem implica aquisição de conhecimentos e de competências que permitam o seu pleno exercício, em condições de igualdade, por mulheres e homens. Centrando-se este guião na problemática do género, esta constituiu, por um lado, o horizonte de partida e o tema privilegiado no desenvolvimento dos temas abordados na primeira parte e, por outro lado, o horizonte de chegada das sugestões de atividades apresentadas na segunda parte. O desafio será o de a integração da dimensão do género, quer nas práticas educativas no âmbito da Educação para a Cidadania, designadamente através de atividades e projetos a desenvolver nas áreas disciplinares não curriculares, quer na orientação vocacional.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A construção da invisibilidade das mulheres trabalhadoras: uma perspetiva histórica

As mulheres sempre trabalharam é já uma expressão recorrente nas investigações de diversas áreas do saber, em particular da História, e foi utilizada, mesmo, no título de uma obra de Sylvie Schweitzer (2002), para sublinhar a importância de orientar as pesquisas para a revelação e entendimento dos processos de invisibilização das mulheres trabalhadoras, contrariando a noção de que o acesso das mulheres ao trabalho teria sido uma conquista do século XX. Este texto pretende contribuir para clarificar, numa perspetiva histórica, como se construiu e continua a construir a invisibilidade das mulheres trabalhadoras, através da problematização de alguns dos mecanismos que a fabricaram e a sustentam.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Validation of a three-dimensional model about sleep: habits, personal factors and environmental factors

Objectives: The present study aims to test the factor structure of two sleep questionnaires and their internal consistency in a sample of adolescents and their respective parents and to evaluate the validity and robustness of a three-dimensional model about sleep, addressing nine subcategories related to sleep habits, personal and environmental factors. Methods: Participants were 654 adolescents from Portuguese schools, who completed “My Sleep and I” questionnaire, and 664 parents who completed “My child׳s sleep” questionnaire; to them confirmatory factor analysis was applied. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicate that a nine-factor model has better fit indices compared with the others tested models for both samples (adolescents: χ2/df (Chi-square/degrees of freedom)=2.59, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=.82, Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI)=.92, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)=.049, Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI)=1.416; Parents: χ2/df=2.89, CFI=.85, GFI=.91, RMSEA=.053, ECVI=1.528). Moreover, the comparison of the models through Δχ2 index (chi-square difference between rival models) indicates a better fit for this model, Δχ2 (24)=186.5, p<.001 for adolescents and Δχ2 (24)=209, p<.001 for parents. Also, the three second-order factors have good internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity for all factors in both samples. Conclusions: Results postulate that the three factors and their nine subcategories account for correlations between sleep habits, self-perceptions and knowledge about sleep

A validation of the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire

This work presents the results of the validation of the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ) in a cross-sectional sample of Portuguese adolescents. The psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the CASQ, a multidimensional self-report questionnaire that assesses daytime sleepiness versus day and nighttime alertness, were studied through exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), in adolescents from 11 to 17 years old (EFA sample: N = 732; CFA sample: N = 726). Results of the EFA indicate an exploratory factor solution of three factors which explain 53.26% of variance, with good reliability indices in factors (alpha between .83 and .68). Also, the CFA indicated that the three-factor solution proposed in EFA had better fit indices compared with two alternative models (χ2/df = 4.79; GFI = .93; CFI = .92; RMSEA = .72; ECVI =.662; RMR = .041). The obtained results support acceptable levels of validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of CASQ.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Headaches, sleep and academic success in adolescents.

Introduction and Objectives Sleep complaints often correlate with other health and social problems. During a national study about sleep habits in adolescents, we observed a very high frequency of headaches, so the aim of this work was to analyse what could be correlated with this complaint in terms of sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, academic success, age and gender. Materials and Methods We used a specific questionnaire that included Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Scale (CASQ) and other variables concerning sleep related habits, sleep complaints, health complaints and demographics. Teachers from 31 schools across Portugal collected data between January and April, 2012. We used SPSS to analyse data. Results The 6838 participants were between 12 and 22 years old, mean=14.97(1.99); 53.3% were females. From the whole sample, 53.8% (3671) students reported having headaches regularly. Those with a headache complaint slept less hours during weekdays (p=0.008) and more hours on weekends (p=0.045); they also had more daytime sleepiness (p=0.000), but showed no differences on academic success (p>0.050). As expected girls had more headaches than boys (p=0.000) and there were no differences across age, since all groups had high frequency of headaches (p=0.098). Conclusions These results suggest that in adolescents headaches are also related to sleep deprivation or sleep problems. In the future, we should pay more attention to headaches as a symptom of sleep problems and explore which factors may mediate the risk of academic failure in the presence of headaches. Furthermore, the high level of headaches in younger people across all age groups supports the need of early intervention.N/

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Sleep Model’s Questionnaires

Objectives: The present study aims to test the factor structure of two sleep questionnaires and their internal consistency in a sample of adolescents and their respective parents and to evaluate the validity and robustness of a three-dimensional model about sleep, addressing nine subcategories related to sleep habits, personal and environmental factors (Rebelo-Pinto, Pinto, Rebelo-Pinto, & Paiva, 2014). Methods: Participants were 654 adolescents from Portuguese schools, who completed “My Sleep and I” questionnaire, and 664 parents who completed “My child’s sleep” questionnaire; to them confirmatory factor analysis was applied. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicate that a nine-factor model has better fit indices compared with the others tested models for both samples (Adolescents: X2/df (chi-square/degrees of freedom)= 2.59, CFI (Comparative Fit Index)=.82, GFI (Goodness-of-Fit Index)=.92, RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation)=.049, ECVI (Expected Cross-Validation Index)= 1.416; Parents: X2/df= 2.89, CFI=.85, GFI=.91, RMSEA=.053, ECVI= 1.528). Moreover, the comparison of the models through Δχ² index (chi-square difference between rival models) indicates a better fit for this model, Δχ² (24) = 186.5, p < .001 for adolescents and Δχ² (24) = 209, p < .001 for parents. Also, the three second-order factors have good internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity for all factors in both samples. Conclusions: Results postulate that the three factors and their nine subcategories account for correlations between sleep habits, self-perceptions and knowledge about sleep.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Colloque international - Paysages de la vie quotidienne: Regards croisés entre la recherche et l’action

S’il est vrai que la très grande majorité des populations européennes vit aujourd’hui dans des espaces urbains ou périurbains, il est difficile d’affirmer que les paysages qu’elles vivent aient fait l’objet d’une attention particulièrement exigeante de la part de l’action politique. Ces paysages sont souvent considérés comme dégradés et peu amènes, et portent souvent les stigmates de l’exclusion sociale et de la détérioration des conditions de vie. Le colloque que le ministère français de l’écologie, de l’énergie, du développement durable et de la mer, la Généralitat de Catalunya, la Communauté d’Agglomération de Perpignan, les villes de Perpignan et de Girona se proposent d’organiser en 2011 a précisément l’objectif de reconsidérer ces paysages qui sont vécus quotidiennement par des millions de citoyens européens ou des autres continents sous l’angle d’une part des projets d’amélioration dont ils ont pu être les objets, sous l’angle des « valeurs particulières qui sont attribuées par les acteurs et les populations concernés » et d’autre part, sous l’angle de la mobilisation de ces derniers pour les revaloriser. Les nombreux pays membres du Conseil de l’Europe qui ont ratifié la Convention Européenne du Paysage se sont engagés notamment à donner une place privilégiée aux paysages du quotidien et « à mettre en place des procédures de participation du public, des autorités locales et régionales, et des autres acteurs concernés par la conception et la réalisation des politiques du paysage ». Qu’en est-il réellement ? Quelle est la place que les procédures mises en œuvre par les institutions publiques et les collectivités territoriales ont accordée à la négociation et à la participation des acteurs dans l’amélioration de la qualité des paysages ? Parmi ces expériences, quelles sont celles qui permettent d’affirmer que ces formes de négociation et de participation sont un gage de réussite ? Et au-delà des projets relevant des institutions politiques, qu’en est-il de ceux que développe le milieu associatif qui entend contribuer à l’amélioration du paysage cadre de vie des populations. Par ailleurs, les projets d’aménagement paysager, parfois dénommé projet de paysage ou les opérations de planification territoriale à dimension paysagère sont de plus en plus considérés comme des processus qui évoluent en se nourrissant des enseignements que l’expérience collective d’analyse et d’action apporte. Le projet d’aménagement paysager conçu comme processus dans le temps et dans l’espace exige-t-il des méthodes particulières et lesquelles ? Enfin, les paysages du quotidien sont fortement affectés par l’ensemble des projets d’aménagement du territoire ou de développement économique : qu’en est-il alors de la dimension paysagère ? Ces diverses questions ne sont pas adressées uniquement à la communauté scientifique. Elles interrogent également les acteurs institutionnels et politiques et les praticiens du paysage. Ce colloque est donc ouvert au dialogue entre les méthodes opérationnelles et les méthodes cognitives. Cette ouverture porte évidemment une double exigence : d’une part de donner la parole aux « fabricants » de paysage, quels qu’ils soient (professionnels, élus, experts, membres d’ONG ou simples habitants) mais également aux chercheurs et surtout de favoriser le dialogue entre ces deux catégories. D’autre part, de fournir au débat les données qui permettent d’évaluer l’efficacité des méthodes mises en œuvre et parmi celles-ci les méthodes fondées sur la participation ou l’échange et le partage de la connaissance ou des objectifs de l’action. Mais lorsque l’on évoque l’efficacité, il ne s’agit pas de restreindre la question de la qualité des paysages à leur seul aspect esthétique. Il s’agit également de savoir si les méthodes mises en œuvre dans des projets ont permis d’accéder aux exigences du développement durable et en particulier si elles ont pu garantir l’équité sociale générationnelle et intergénérationnelle ou la qualité des milieux et de la biodiversité ; tout en permettant aux individus et aux catégories sociales de trouver leur place au sein de la société et de penser l’avenir avec optimisme, pour eux-mêmes et pour leurs descendants. Comment se croisent et s’interpellent réciproquement les notions de paysage et de développement durable ? Comment notamment est prise en compte la dimension temporelle dans les projets et les politiques publiques ? Quelles conséquences sur les projets, leur mode de production et leur gouvernance ? Comment ces notions sont elles intégrées dans les pratiques professionnelles ? Si d’emblée, cette proposition a mis l’accent sur les paysages de forte densité démographique, c'est-à-dire a priori urbains et périurbains, il ne faudrait cependant pas croire que les paysages ruraux, de montagne ou du littoral sont exclus de la réflexion collective. Ils sont également vécus quotidiennement par leurs habitants et ils entretiennent avec les premiers des relations qui portent en elles-mêmes des complémentarités ou des antagonismes qu’il s’agira de justifier et de mettre à jour. Ils sont porteurs, comme les paysages urbains de nombreuses expériences de participation et de négociation sociale

The CAP towards 2020:for a balanced territorial development

THis conference adresses de need for a more territorially based CAP for the next framework programme, considering the diversity and differentiation of farming systems in Europ

Study of services to support the inclusion of persons with disability in mainstream environments

This study is part of a series of reports published by EPR that aim to provide evidence of trends and developments in delivery of services to people with disabilities.This particular study presents services from the EPR membership that support the inclusion of persons with disabilities in mainstream environments. This study intends to be a useful resource for service providers, for disability communities, and for policy-makers, including the European Commission.It aims to provide disability service providers with ideas for possible innovations in the contents of service delivery, but also with insights into practical improvements in the methodology and processes supporting services.This study has thus a very hands-on mission to disseminate and support good practice. Representative associations of people with disabilities may find in this document an advocacy resource to advance community inclusion and argue for de-institutionalisation and access to mainstream services in community-based environments. Key recommendations for services have been drawn out. This document also aims to provide analysis of the context within which the services are operating, the relevant legislation and funding mechanisms.This in order for policy-makers to be able to understand and create the right framework for the development of community-based service delivery to people with disabilities. The present study has been drafted based on the inputs from EPR member organisations and with financial support of the European Commission under the Programme for Employment and Social Innovation, “EaSi” (2014–2020). It is one of the resources available to encourage the provision of quality services to people with disabilities in mainstream environments, which suppor ts de-institutionalisation.The focus on de-institutionalisation was initiated in the EU under the impulse of disability movements and with inputs notably from the European Expert Group on theTransition from Institutional to Community-based Care.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio