866 research outputs found
Some Issues on Ontology Integration
The word integration has been used with different
meanings in the ontology field. This article
aims at clarifying the meaning of the word âintegrationâ
and presenting some of the relevant work
done in integration. We identify three meanings of
ontology âintegrationâ: when building a new ontology
reusing (by assembling, extending, specializing
or adapting) other ontologies already available;
when building an ontology by merging several
ontologies into a single one that unifies all of
them; when building an application using one or
more ontologies. We discuss the different meanings
of âintegrationâ, identify the main characteristics
of the three different processes and proposethree words to distinguish among those meanings:integration, merge and use
Singularity and consciousness: A neuropsychological contribution
none6siIn common sense experience based on introspection, consciousness is singular. There is only one âmeâ and that is the one that is conscious. This means that âsingularityâ is a defining aspect of âconsciousnessâ. However, the three main theories of consciousness, Integrated Information, Global Workspace and Recurrent Processing theory, are generally not very clear on this issue. These theories have traditionally relied heavily on neuropsychological observations and have interpreted various disorders, such as anosognosia, neglect and split-brain as impairments in conscious awareness without any reference to âthe singularityâ. In this review, we will re-examine the theoretical implications of these impairments in conscious awareness and propose a new way how to conceptualize consciousness of singularity. We will argue that the subjective feeling of singularity can coexist with several disunified conscious experiences. Singularity awareness may only come into existence due to environmental response constraints. That is, perceptual, language, memory, attentional and motor processes may largely proceed unintegrated in parallel, whereas a sense of unity only arises when organisms need to respond coherently constrained by the affordances of the environment. Next, we examine from this perspective psychiatric disorders and psycho-active drugs. Finally, we present a first attempt to test this hypothesis with a resting state imaging experiment in a split-brain patient. The results suggest that there is substantial coherence of activation across the two hemispheres. These data show that a complete lesioning of the corpus callosum does not, in general, alter the resting state networks of the brain. Thus, we propose that we have separate systems in the brain that generate distributed conscious. The sense of singularity, the experience of a âMe-nessâ, emerges in the interaction between the world
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made.
and response-planning systems, and this leads to coherent activation in the different
functional networks across the cortex.openHaan, Edward H. F.; Scholte, Huibert Steven; Pinto, Yair; Foschi, Nicoletta; Polonara, Gabriele; Fabri, MaraHaan, Edward H. F.; Scholte, Huibert Steven; Pinto, Yair; Foschi, Nicoletta; Polonara, Gabriele; Fabri, Mar
A Methodological Approach for Ontologising and Aligning Health Level Seven (HL7) Applications
Developing Ontologies withing Decentralized Settings
This chapter addresses two research questions: âHow should a well-engineered methodology facilitate the development of ontologies within communities of practice?â and âWhat methodology should be used?â If ontologies are to be developed by communities then the ontology development life cycle should be better understood within this context. This chapter presents the Melting Point (MP), a proposed new methodology for developing ontologies within decentralised settings. It describes how MP was developed by taking best practices from other methodologies, provides details on recommended steps and recommended processes, and compares MP with alternatives. The methodology presented here is the product of direct first-hand experience and observation of biological communities of practice in which some of the authors have been involved. The Melting Point is a methodology engineered for decentralised communities of practice for which the designers of technology and the users may be the same group. As such, MP provides a potential foundation for the establishment of standard practices for ontology engineering
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