Impact of body and orofacial appearance on life satisfaction among Brazilian adults

Aims 1. to elaborate a general model of physical appearance taking into account body image (BI) and orofacial appearance (OA) components; and 2. to evaluate the impact of BI and OA on life satisfaction among Brazilian adults. Methods This is a cross-sectional observational study. The cognitive, behavioral, affective, and satisfaction/ dissatisfaction aspects of BI, the satisfaction and psychosocial impact of OA, and life satisfaction were evaluated by self-reported psychometric scales. Principal Component Analysis and Parallel Analysis were performed. Structural equation models were elaborated to estimate the impact of BI and OA on life satisfaction. The fit of the models was verified and the significance of the path estimates (β) was evaluated using z-tests (α = 5%). Results A total of 1,940 individuals participated in the study (age: mean = 24.8, standard deviation = 5.7 years; females = 70.1%). In the male sample, three physical appearance factors were retained (OA, cognitive and behavioral components of BI, and affective and satisfaction/dissatisfaction components of BI). In the female sample, two factors were retained (OA and all components of BI). All factors had significant impact on life satisfaction (β = |0.26|-|0.48|, p<0.001) in both samples. Individuals dissatisfied with BI and OA had lower levels of life satisfaction. For men, the affective and satisfaction components of BI had a greater impact on life satisfaction (β = 0.48, p<0.001) than the other factors (β =] -0.30;-0.25[, p<0.001). For women, both BI and OA had a similar impact (BI: β = -0.30, p<0.001; OA: β = -0.32, p<0.001). Conclusion BI and OA formed distinct clusters in the physical appearance evaluation. Physical appearance was perceived differently by men and women, fostering discussion about the sociocultural construction of the body. BI and OA had a significant impact on life satisfaction and should be considered in assessment and treatment protocols.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SKELETAL AND DENTAL CHANGES INDUCED BY BIONATOR IN EARLY TREATMENT OF CLASS II

The purpose was to investigate the amount of skeletal and dentoalveolar changes after early treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with bionator appliance in prepubertal growing patients. Forty Class II patients (19 male and 21 female) were divided in two groups. Treated group consisted of 20 subjects (10 male and 10 female) treated consecutively with bionator. Mean age at the start of treatment (T0) was 9.1 years, while it was 10.6 years at the end of treatment (T1). Mean treatment time was 17.7 months. Pretreatment and post-treatment cephalometric records of treated group were evaluated and compared with a control group consisted of 20 patients (09 male and 11 female) with untreated Class II malocclusion. Intergroup comparisons were performed using Student’s t-tests and chi-square test with Yates’ correction at a significance level of 5 per cent. Bionator appliance was effective in generating differential growth between the jaws. Cephalometric skeletal measurements ANB, WITS, LAFH, Co-A and dental L6-Mp, U1.Pp, IsIi, OB, OJ showed statistically significantly different from the control. The bionator induced more dentoalveolar changes than skeletal during treatment in prepurbetal stage

Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI): Adaptation to Orthodontic Patients and Its Psychometric Properties

Background: Pain perception may result from orthodontic treatment and should be considered in clinical management. Its assessment should not be limited to the intensity of perceived pain but should also consider the psychosocial and behavioral aspects involved. Objective: The aims of this study were to adapt and validate the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) for orthodontic patients, and present a proposal to calculate an overall score of the pain-related aspects and compare these scores with the usual methodology used. Methods: Face validity of the MPI was estimated and orthodontic version (MPI-Orthodontic) was developed. Factorial validity was evaluated by confirmatory analysis. Convergent and discriminant validity and reliability were estimated. The fit of Second-Order Hierarchical Models was estimated. Concurrent validity of MPI-Orthodontic was evaluated against the Visual Analogue Scale. Invariance of the factorial models was evaluated for independent samples and according to sex and age. Overall score was calculated using the matrix of regression weights and compared to simple arithmetic mean. Results: 507 individuals (63.3% women; age: 26.32 (SD = 11.70) years) participated. For the fit of Part I (psychosocial aspects) of the MPI-Orthodontic, it added correlation between two items and excluded one item; for Part II (behavioral aspects) two items were excluded. The models presented adequate fit to the sample. Reliability was adequate. MPI-Orthodontic presented invariance for independent samples and adequate concurrent and divergent validity. Score obtained with the simple arithmetic mean was overestimated for Part I and underestimated for Part II. Conclusion: MPI-Orthodontic was valid, reliable and invariant for the evaluation of the orthodontic pain. It is recommended to calculate overall weighted scores for pain assessment.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Comparación de medidas dentales y transversales realizadas en modelos de yeso con calibrador digital, y en modelos digitales con el software o3d

Introduction and objetive: Measurements and analyses of dental casts are essential for precise diagnosis of an orthodontic case. Atpresent, analyses of dental casts can be performed virtually, through computer software as o3d. The aimof this study was to evaluate the reproducibility, reliability and validity of measurements made in digitalmodels using the o3d software compared to plaster models.Materials and methods:Thirty pair of plaster casts were scanned and digitized. Two examiners measured tooth size, intercaninedistance and intermolar distance in a plaster model with a digital caliper and in a digital model using theo3d software system. The data were statistically analyzed by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient test, pairedsamples t test, Dahlberg’s formula and analysis of variance.Results:Excellent intraexaminer and interexaminer agreement was observed in the measurments performedwith digital caliper and o3d software. No random error was present in the measurements obtained withthe digital caliper and o3d software; systematic error was more frequent in the digital casts.Conclusion:The o3d software presented a good performance in terms of reproducibility, reliability and validity inmeasuring tooth size and transverse distance. Although measurements made on plaster and digitalmodels showed statistically significant differences, the magnitude of the differences does not appear tobe clinically relevant.Introducción y objetivo:Las medidas y análisis de modelos son esenciales para el diagnóstico de casos de ortodoncia. Actualmente,el análisis de modelos puede ser realizado de manera virtual a través de software de computador comoel o3d. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la reproductibilidad, confiabilidad y validez de medidasdentales y transversales en modelos digitales usando el software o3d y compararlas con las medidasobtenidas con el calibrador digital en modelos de yeso.Materiales y métodos:Treinta pares de modelos fueron escaneados y digitalizados. Dos examinadores midieron el tamañodentario, distancia intercanina y distancia intermolar en modelos de yeso usando un calibrador digitaly en modelos digitales usando el software o3d. Los datos fueron analizados usando el Coeficiente deCorrelación Intraclase, prueba t pareada, la fórmula de Dahlberg y el análisis de varianza.Resultados:Excelente reproductibilidad intra e interexaminador fue observada en las medidas realizadas con elcalibrador digital y el software o3d. No se presentaron errores aleatorios con ninguno de los dos métodosy el error sistemático fue más frecuente en los modelos digitales.Conclusión:El software o3d presentó un buen desempeño en términos de reproductibilidad, confiabilidad y validez enla medición del tamaño dentario y distancias transversales; aunque los métodos presentaron diferenciasestadísticas, la magnitud de esa diferencia es clínicamente irrelevante

The influence of grain size coating and shaft angulation of different diamond tips on dental cutting

Objectives : To evaluate the influence of the grain size coating and shaft angulation of ultrasonic and high-speed diamond burs on the dental cutting effectiveness. Materials and Methods : For the grain size evaluation, cavities were prepared on 40 incisors using high-speed (1092 and 1093F KG Sorensen® ) and ultrasonic tips (8.2142 and 6.2142-CVDentus® ). For the shaft angulation evaluation, cavities were prepared on 40 incisors using uniangulated (T1-CVDentus® ) and biangulated (T1-A CVDentus® ) ultrasonic tips. The cavities were bisected and examined at Χ50 magnification. The width and depth of cavities were measured by Leica QWin software. Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used for analysis. Results : The grain size did not affect the cutting effectiveness, but the high-speed burs promoted deeper and wider cavities than the ultrasonic tips. The shaft angulation did not affect the cutting effectiveness; both the angulated and biangulated tips had greater cutting efficiency in dentin than in enamel. Conclusions : Ultrasonic tips promoted more conservative preparations and seemed promising for cavity preparation