Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Agrotóxicos e seus riscos em estabelecimentos comerciais na cidade de Sousa-PB

O corrente estudo teve como objetivo reconhecer os agrotóxicos e seus riscos em estabelecimentos comerciais na cidade de Sousa-PB. Uma lista de verificação foi utilizada para reconhecer os riscos químicos causados pelos agrotóxicos nos estabelecimentos comerciais, com ênfase nos riscos ocupacionais. Com auxílio da Ficha de Informação de Segurança para Produtos Químicos - FISPQ e da bula, cada defensivo foi submetido a análises quanto ao uso, nível de toxidade, efeitos adversos e medidas de controle e segurança. A verificação foi feita em 3 estabelecimentos com tempo de comercialização de 5 e mais de 20 anos de experiência no ramo de defensivos. Identificou-se a venda de 27 tipos de agrotóxicos, entre inseticidas ou acaricidas, herbicidas e fungicidas. As vendas são realizadas mediante a prescrição do profissional agrônomo, que é o proprietário ou sócio do empreendimento. Verificou-se, também, que duas empresas não praticam o recolhimento ou recebimento das embalagens vazias, mas realizam assistência técnica aos produtores rurais que adquirem os agrotóxicos. Portanto, como a absorção dos agrotóxicos pelo corpo humano ocorre por meio das vias oral, dérmica, inalatória e ocular, a combinação entre as medidas de controle de engenharia e o uso correto dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual EPI adequados é indispensável

Crescimento de plântulas de alface, Lactuca sativa L., em solo oriundo de um povoamento de Luetzelburgia auriculata, Allemão, Ducke

This research aimed to know allelopathic characteristics and fertility of the soil arising out settlement Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemão) Ducke by assessing the growth of lettuce plants. Initially, there was the collection of the soil under the settlement of L. auriculata (SSL) and an outdoor area to this settlement (AOS), the Cachoeira de São Porfírio Farm, in VárzeaPB, and walked to the Center for Health and Rural Technology at Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus of Patos. In a completely randomized design , applied to five treatments with five repetitions , placing three lettuce seeds per pot with the following treatments: T1=100%AOS; T2=100% SSL; T3=75% SSL, T4=50% SSL and T5=25% SSL. After 63 days of sowing, held the harvest and the variables measured: shoot length, root, fresh weight of shoot weight, leaf area and leaf number of each individual and the analysis chemical substrates. Applied to ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% probability. The soil settlement of L. auriculata (SSL) showed a greater amount of nutrients from the ground of the area outside the settlement (AOS) and positively influenced the growth of lettuce plants. However, only three of the five treatments applied (T1, T2 and T3), lettuce developed. In T1 , T2 and T3 variables analyzed differed significantly depending on the soil origin used and the proportion of cattle manure. The soil arising from population of L. auriculata showed no allelopathic effect on lettuce growth parameters.Esta pesquisa buscou conhecer características alelopáticas e de fertilidade de um solo oriundo de povoamento de Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemão) Ducke, através da avaliação do crescimento de plantas de alface. Inicialmente, realizou-se a coleta do solo sob o povoamento da L. auriculata (SPL) e de uma área externa a esse povoamento (SAE), na Fazenda Cachoeira de São Porfírio, em Várzea-PB, e encaminhou-se para o Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos. Em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, aplicaram-se cinco tratamentos com cinco repetições, colocando-se três sementes de alface por vaso contendo os seguintes tratamentos: T1=100%SAE; T2=100%SPL; T3=75%SPL; T4=50%SPL e T5=25%SPL. Aos 63 dias da semeadura, realizou-se a colheita e mensuraram-se as variáveis: comprimento da parte aérea, da raiz, peso da massa fresca da parte aérea, área foliar e número de folhas de cada indivíduo e a análise química dos substratos. Aplicou-se a ANOVA e o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O solo do povoamento da L. auriculata (SPL) apresentou uma maior quantidade de nutrientes em relação ao solo da área externa ao povoamento (SAE) e influenciou positivamente no crescimento das plantas de alface. No entanto, em apenas três dos cinco tratamentos aplicados (T1, T2 e T3), a alface se desenvolveu. Em T1, T2 e T3 as variáveis analisadas diferiram estatisticamente em função da origem dos solos utilizados e da proporção do esterco bovino. O solo oriundo do povoamento de L. auriculata não apresentou efeito alelopático sobre os parâmetros de crescimento da alface

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data